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THE  BOOK  OF 

KENYON  L  BUTTERFIELD 

PRESIDENT  OF  M.  A.  C. 

1906  .   1924 


MASSACHUSETTS 
STATE  COLLEGE 


GOODELL   LIBRARY 


C^x*^-^ 


■fMwUiShi^. 


TWENTY-FOURTH  ANNl^L  REPORT 


OF    THE 


SFPEEINTENDENT 


OP 


PUBLIC  IISTEUCTION 


OF  THE  STATE  OF  MIOHIG-AIsT, 

Witli    Accompanying    Uociaineixts, 

FOM   THE  T^Am   1§60. 


J^jj.  ^^dAalitif, 


LANSING: 
Hosmer    So  Kerr,  Printers^  to  the   State. 

"186L* 


>I58 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Supekintendent's  Eepoet, 1 

Normal  School, 4 

Agricultural  College, 5 

Primary  Schools, 6 

.  Graded,  or  Union  Schools, 9 

School  Taxes,.. 14 

Apportionment  of  Public  Moneys, 15 

State  Teachers'  Institutes, 18 

Supervision  of  the  Schools, 21 

District  and  Township  Libraries, 24 

Journal  of  Education, 31 

School  Apparatus, 32 

Educational  Legislation, 33 

State  Board  of  Education — Report — 

Normal  School, SI 

Agricultural  College^ 41 

School  Library  Books  contracted  for, 59 

State  Normal  School — Report  of  Principal, , 61 

"  ■ "  "  "  Treasurer, U 

State  Agricultural  College — Report  of  Treasurer, 77 

State  Reform  School — Report  of  Board, 83 

"  Treasurer, 87 

"  Superintendent, 91 

"  Teacher, 113 

"  Physician, 119 

By-Laws, 121 


VI 

PACE. 

University  of  Michigan — 

Report  of  Board  of  Regents, 132 

"  President, 137 

"  Finance  Committee, 150 

"  Board  of  Yisitors, 153 

Adrian  College, 171 

Wesley  AN  Seminary  and  Female  College, 173 

KALAiiAzoo  College — 

Report  of  Visitors, 183 

Michigan  Female  College, 185 

Olivet  College, 187 

Michigan  Collegiate  Institute, 199 

Colon  Seminary, 200 

Detroit  Female  Seminary, c 201 

German  English  School, „ 207 

Dickinson  Institute, 209 

Disco  Academy, 210 

Lapeer  Seminary, 212 

Young  Ladies'  Seminary  and  Collegiate  Institute,  Monroe,.  .  .214 
Union  Schools — 

Detroit, 219 

Eaton  Rapids, 224 

Kalamazoo,. 225 

Ontonagon, 231 

Otsego, . 232 

Three  Rivers,, 234 

Vassar, 235 

Abstracts  of  Inspectors'  Reports 238 

4 


NOTICE. 

This  Eeport  is  forwarded  to  the  several  Count j  Clerks  in  the 
State  of  Michigan  for  distribution,  as  follows  : 

To  each  County  Clerk,  one  copy  5 

To  each  County  Treasurer,  one  copy  ; 

To  each  Township  Clerk,  one  copy  ; 

To  each  Township  Library,  one  copy ; 

To  each  District  Library,  one  copy  ; 

To  the  Director,  for  the  use  of  the  District  Board,  in  each  Dis- 
trict having  no  Library,  one  copy  ; 

To  each  City  Clerk,  for  the  use|of  the  City  Library,  ten  copies. 


STATE   OF    MICHIGAN 


No.  7. 


LEGISLATUEE,  1861. 


ANNUAL    REPORT    of    the     Superintendent    of 
Public    Instruction 

To  the  Legislature  af  the  State  of  Michigan : 

The  annual  reports  received  at  the  Office  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, for  the  year  1860,  from  the  Primary  Schools  and  incorpor- 
ated Institutions  of  Learning,  exhibit  a  very  gratifying  growth 
of  the  educational  interests  of  the  State.  The  enlightened  zeal 
and  liberal  spirit  which  have  wrought  such  changes  in  our 
Schools  within  the  past  few  years,  are  becoming  the  settled 
habit  and  permanent  sentiment  of  the  people.  Our  State  is 
gaining  a  wide  and  enviable  reputation  for  its  educational 
advantages,  and  the  Schools,  fostered  with  such  a  wise  liberality, 
are  reacting  with  an  evident  and  beneficial  power  upon  the 
material  interests  as  well  as  public  character  of  our  citizenship . 
A  full  exhibit  of  all  the  facts  would  prove,  it  is  believed,  that 
our  University,  and  Union  and  Primary  Schools  and  other  insti- 
tutions of  learning  are  contributing  as  much  to  the  merely 
material  progress  and  development  of  the  State,  as  are  the  Rail 
Roads  and  Banks  and  mining  interests  which  have  heretofore 
claimed  so  large  a  share  of  the  attention  of  our  Law-makers. 
No  questions  more  immediately  concern  and  interest  the  entire 


2  Doc. 

people  of  the  State  than  those  which  relate  to  the  perfection  and 
support  of  the  public  Schools.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  therefore,  that 
these  questions  will  gain  from  the  Legislature  that  wise  and 
deliberate  attention  which  their  importance  demands  and  which 
is  so  essential  to  any  safe  and  sufficient  legislation.  It  should 
be  reflected  that  any  change  in  the  School  Laws,  reaches  every 
district  and  affects  every  home  in  the  State. 

The  great  magnitude  and  importance  of  this  department  of 
the  public  interest,  and  its  claims  upon  the  regards  of  the  wise 
and  patriotic  statesman,  will  be  evident  from  the  following 
comprehensive  exhibit  of  the  personal  and  pecuniary  resources 
of  the  Schools. 

The  territory  of  the  State  is  distributed  into  more  than  four 
thousand  School  Districts,  each  having  its  group  of  homes  and 
home  interests,  and  its  separate  Schoolhouse  and  School,  where 
the  great  work  of  educating  the  young  goes  yearly  on.  In 
these  thousands  of  School  Districts,  are  living,  as  shown  by  the 
School  census  of  1860,  two  hundred  and  forty-six  thousand  six 
hundred  and  eighty-four  children,  of  the  ages  to  which  the  law 
adjudges  instruction  to  be  due.  In  this  great  mass  of  child- 
hood, embracing  nearly  one-third  of  our  entire  population,  lie  the 
germs  of  the  future  character  and  pdwer  of  the  State. 

There  were  employed  the  past  year  in  the  care  of  these 
Schools  and  the  education  of  these  children,  seven  thousand 
nine  hundred  and  forty-one  Teachers.  Nearly  two  thousand 
citizens  bore  the  office  and  discharged  the  duties  of  School  In- 
spectors in  the  supervision  of  this  work,  and  more  than  twelve 
thousand  district  School  officers  were  engaged  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  affairs  of  the  separate  districts. 

There  is  invested  in  School-houses  and  other  School  property, 
in  the  primary  School  districts  of  the  State,  as  shown  even  in 
the  partial  returns,  the  magnificent  sum  of  $1,505,616  34. 

The  wages  of  the  teachers  of  the  Schools,  last  year,  amount- 
ed to  $461,286  50  ;  and,  if  we  add  to  this  the  amount  paid  to 
School  officers,  the  cost  of  School  library  and  books,  and  the  ex- 
penses attendant  upon  maintaining  children  at  School,  the  whole 


No.  1.  3 

annual  cost  of  our  educational  interest  will  fall  but  little  short 
of  one  million  of  dollars,  a  sum  greater  than  the  entire  aggre- 
gate of  expenditures  b/  the  State  government  for  all  other 
purposes.  An  interest  so  costly  and  grand  may  well  claim  the 
attention  of  the  law-makers  of  the  State,  even  though  we  leave 
out  of  sight  the  mighty  and  transforming  influences  whic'i  this 
Tast  enginery  of  education  is  exerting  upon  all  the  spiritual 
and  mental  forces  of  the  State,  shaping  the  character,  anima- 
ting the  industry,  and  inspiring,  with  higher  aims  and  more 
fruitful  plans,  the  enterprize  of  the  people. 

THE    UNIVEESITY. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Eegents,  published  in  the  appendix, 
exhibits  the  State  University  as  in  a  very  flourishing  condition. 
Its  eminent  success  and  growing  reputation  are  matters  of  State 
pride,  while  its  influence  upon  our  general  educational  interests 
is  wide  reaching  and  beneficial.  It  has  proved  a  rich  boon  to 
our  State  and  well  merits  the  fostering  care  of  the  Legislature. 
I  would  refer  to  the  several  reports  from  the  officers  and  visitors 
for  a  statement  of  its  condition  and  wants. 

INCOEPORATED    COLLEGES    AND    ACADEMIES. 

I  have  visited,  the  past  year,  as  far  as  other  duties  would 
permit,  the  higher  institutions  of  learning,  and  am  happy,  from 
personal  observation,  to  report  them  in  a  healthful  and  prosper- 
ous condition.  Though  some  of  them  are  embarrassed  for  want 
of  sufficient  funds,  they  are  prosecuting  the  work  for  which 
they  were  established,  with  a  gratifying  efficiency  and  success. 
It  has  been  the  settled  policy  of  the  State  to  furnish  no  direct 
pecuniary  aid  to  private  and  denominational  institutions  of 
learning,  and  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  that  policy  can  be  departed 
from  without  opening  the  door  to  a  wide  and  indiscriminate 
demand  upon  the  State  for  material  aid,  not  only  for  the  institu- 
tions now  existing,  but  for  a  multitude  of  others  which  would 
spring  into  being  under  the  prospect  of  such  aid.  The  wisest 
friends  of  these  institutions  have  been  unable  to  devise  any 
general  plan  on  which  the  State  can  safely  grant  them  any 


4  Doc. 

direct  appropriation.  But  while  thus  prohibited  from  aiding  in 
their  support,  the  State  cannot  but  look  with  approbation  on  the 
valuable  work  they  are  accomplishing  for  society  at  large  and 
for  the  particular  sections  in  which  they  are  located.  They 
constitute  no  small  part  of  our  facilities  for  higher  education, 
and  afford  no  small  share  of  the  higher  grade  of  instruction 
given  in  the  State.  They  have  also  performed  a  most  important 
service  in  training  large  numbers  of  teachers  for  the  Primary- 
Schools  in  their  respective  vicinities,  and  the  State  could  illy 
afford  to  spare  them  from  the  system  of  Schools,  of  which  they 
are  really,  though  not  nominally,  a  part.  No  intelligent  citizen 
can  refuse  his  admiration  and  sympathy  for  labors  prosecuted 
with  such  a  self-sacrificing  and  christian  zeal,  and  which  are  so 
fruitful  in  public  good.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  liberality  of 
private  benefactors,  and  the  generosity  of  large  hearted  lovers 
of  learning  may  more  than  make  up  the  lack  of  State  bounty 
and  give  to  these  institutions  the  support|they  deserve.  Should 
it  be  deemed  politic  to  establish  Normal  Classes  in  some  of  the 
high  Schools  of  the  State,  under  the  direction  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education,  the  services  of  these  institutions  might 
perhaps  be  made  available  for  this  important  public  use,  and 
some  slight  aid  be  thus  rendered  them  in  return. 

The  number  of  Colleges,  of  this  denominational  class,  now  in 
the  State,  is  five,  viz  :  Kalamazoo,  Albion,  Hillsdale,  Olivet  and 
Adrian  Colleges.  The  number  of  incorporated  Academies  and 
Seminaries  is  eleven,  two  of  which,  the  Detroit  Female  Semi- 
nary, and  the  Michigan  Collegiate  Institute,  Jackson,  were  in- 
corporated this  3^ear, 

Much  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  procuring  from  these 
Institutions  the  reports  required  by  law.  Those  which  have 
been  received  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 

NORMAL    SCHOOL   AND    ACRICULTURAL    COLLEGE. 

The  Report  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  of  which  the 
Superintendent  is  ex  officio,  a  member,  will  accompany  this  Re- 
port, and   reference  is  made  to  that  for  all  needful  information. 


^ 


•  :^^o.  i.  5^ 

concerning  the  condition  and  wants  of  those  institutions  which 
are  under  the  care  of  the  Board. 

Under  the  head  of  the  Normal  School,  in  his  annual  report 
for  1859,  the  Superintendent  expressed  an  opinion  adverse  to 
the  establishment  of  more  State  Normal  Schools,  on  the  grounds 
mainly,  that  our  present  liberally  sustained  and  excellent  insti- 
tution of  this'class  can  be  made  to  supply  all  present  demands 
for  a  full  course  of  normal  education  ;  and  that  the  large  and 
increasing  demand  for  a  shorter  course  of  instruction  to  fit 
teachers  for  the  Primary  Schools,  can  be  more  economically 
furnished  otherwise,  viz  :  by  establishing  teachers'  classes  in 
other  institutions.  In  at  least  twenty  of  the  Colleges  and  larger 
Union  Schools,  teachers'  classes  have  been  organized  and 
instructed  the  past  year.  To  give  more  efficiency  and  thorough- 
ness to  this  system  of  normal  instruction,  it  is  recommended 
^  that  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  be  authorized  to 
select  such  institutions  as  may  be  suitably  located  and  other- 
wise adapted  to  this  service,  not  exceeding  one  for  each  county, 
and  prescribe  a  course  of  normal  training  and  instruction  for 
the  Teacher's  classes  to  be  taught  therein.  These  classes  should 
be  annually  subjected  to  a  careful  examination  by  the  Superin- 
tendent or  by  examiners  appointed  by  him.  By  issuing  series 
of  printed  questions  at  the  time  of  each  examination,  the  Super- 
intendent could  easily  determine  the  character  of  the  examina- 
tion and  make  it  uniform  throughout  the  State.  This  would  act 
as  a  strong  incentive  to  the  different  institutions  to  do  their 
work  well,  as  no  one  would  wish  to  fall  behind  others  in  the 
proficiency  and  success  of  its  class. 

If,  in  addition,  the  authority  were  granted  to  the  Superinten- 
dent to  issue  State  certificates  to  the  teachers  who  should  have 
satisfactorily  completed  the  prescribed  course  and  should  have 
given  evidence  of  their  fitness  as  teachers,  it  would  furnish  a 
strong  inducement  to  those  who  wished  to  teach,  to  resort  first 
to  these  classes  for  instruction.  The  State  certificate  would 
elevate  their  standing  as  teachers,  and  would  also  give  them 


6  Doc. 

facilities  in  securing  employment.  As  the  instruction  of  these 
classes,  in  a  prescribed  course,  would  necessarily  involve  some 
additional  expense  to  the  Schools  providing  it,  some  compensa- 
tion should  be  allowed  them  for  this  service.  If  the  amount 
due  the  Primary  School  Fund  from  the  sale  of  swamp  lands^ 
under  the  law  of  1858,  could  be  appropriated  to  this  important 
department  of  the  Primary  School  interests,  and  the  annual 
proceeds,  which  would  not  be  less  than  $3,000  a  year,  appor- 
tioned among  the  several  Schools,  it  would  probably  prove 
sufficient  to  induce  the  organization  of  as  many  classes  as  would 
be  desirable  to  organize  for  the  next  two  years.  In  distributing 
'  this  fund,  all  abuse  might  be  guarded  against  by  requiring  those 
entering  the  Teachers'  Classes  to  sign  a  certificate  of  their 
intention  to  teach,  similar  to  that  given  by  the  students  of  the 
State  Normal  School,  and  by  making  the  final  apportionment,  or 
some  part  thereof,  on  the  basis  of  the  number  who  shall  have 
satisfactorily  completed  the  course. 

The  best  interests  and  further  progress  of  the  Primary  Schools 
will  absolute  require  some  more  ample  means  for  the  profes- 
sional education  of  teachers.  The  demand  for  better  qualified 
teachers  is  yearly  becoming  greater  and  more  imperative,  and  I 
can  devise  no  plan  more  economical  and  efficient  than  the  one 
proposed  above. 

PRIMARY    SCHOOLS. 

Inspectors'  Reports  for  the  School  year  ending  the  last  Mon- 
day of  Sept.,    1860,    have  been  received  from  six  hundred  and 
forty-eight  townships  and  cities.     This  is  20  more  than  reported 
last  year,  and  43  more  than  tl  e  year  previous. 

These  reports  afford  the  following  statistics  : 
No.  of  Districts  entire  and   fractional, 4,094 

"       Graded  or  Union  Schools, 94 

"       children  between  4  and  18  years  of  age,.  .  246,684 

Whole  number  that  attended  School, 192,937 

No.  under  4  years  of  age  that  attended  School,.  .  2,409 

No.  over  18         "  "  "         . .  10,768 


No.  7.  7 

Average  number  of  months  of  Schools, ..6.2 

No.  of  qualified  male  teachers  employed, 2,599 

female         "  "      5,342 

Total  number  of  teachers  employed, t,941 

Total  amount  paid  for  teachers'  wages, $467,286  50 

Proceeds  of  Primary  School  fund,  apportioned,..       108,823  62 

Amount  raised  by  two  mill  tax, 259,557  08 

''  "       district  tax  on  scholar, 33,689  32 

Whole  amount  raised  by  district  taxes, 301,085  19 

rate  bill, 67,484  88. 

No.  of  Districts  reporting  free  schools, 1,785. 

Value  of  School-houses  and  sites, $1,505,616  34 

Amount  raised  to  build  or  repair  School-houses, . .       124,623  37 

Value  of  apparatus  and  maps, 14,793  69  = 

No.  of  township  libraries  reported, 178 

"       volumes  in  township  libraries, 57,535' 

"       townships  reporting  District  libraries, ....  395 

"       District  libraries, 2,287 

"       volumes  in  District  libraries, 99,979 

Amount  voted  for  libraries, $5,985  17 

Received  from  fines,  &c.,  for  support  of  libraries,  6,375  77 

No.  of  teachers  examined  in  604  towns,.  . 6,619' 

"  "  licensed, 5,913; 

"       meetings  held  by  Inspectors   to  examine 

teachers  in  604  townships, 2,392 

Whole  No.  of  meetings  of  Inspectors  in  589  towns,  3,425 

Amount  paid  Boards  of  Inspectors, •    $5,680  52 

No  of  visits  made  the  schools  in  481  towns, 4,506 

Amount  paid  visiting  Inspectors, $2,297  10 

Several  townships  have  made  no  reports.  Their  reports 
would  somewhat  increase  the  above  figures.  A  great  improve- 
ment has  been  made  in  the  fulness  and  promptness  of  the  re- 
ports over  those  of  former  years,  but  they  still  fail  to  afford 
complete  and  reliable  returns  under  several  of  the  heads.  Of 
the  townships  reporting,  42  fail  to  report  the  two-mill  tax  ; 
75  fail   to  report    any   library,    either   township    or  district ; 


8  Doc. 

and  seve'ral  fail  to  report  any  teachers  employed,  any  values  of 
School  property,  or  any  item  of  Inspectors'  services.  The  gross 
amount  of  district  taxes  raised,  probably  far  exceeds  the 
amount  reported. 

The  reports  show  a  remarkable  increase  in  several  items  over 
the  previous  year.  The  number  of  districts  has  increased  126. 
The  increase  in  the  number  of  children  between  4  and  18  years 
of  age,  is  9,143.  The  increase  in  the  number  attending  school, 
is  9,118.  The  increase  in  the  average  number  of  months  of 
School  is  six-tenths,  the  average  length  of  the  Schools  last  year 
.w*  being  5.6  months,  while  this  year  it  is  6.2  months.     This  is  cer- 

tainly a  gratifying  result.  The  number  of  districts  reporting 
no  rate  bills,  and  which  are  therefore  put  down  as  free  schools, 
is  1,T85,  or  more  than  two-fifths  of  all  the  districts  in  the  State. 

The  amount  of  money  raised  by  rate  bills  is  $3t,384  32  less 
than  was  thus  raised  in  1859.  A  much  larger  deduction  may 
be  expected  the  next  year,  many  of  the  districts  having  assess- 
ed and  collected  rate  bills  on  the  winter  schools,  before  the 
amount  to  be  received  from  the  two-mill  tax  was  known.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  this  item  will  soon  nearly  disappear  from  our 
reports.  The  amount  raised  to  build  or  repair  School-houses 
was  $21,113  92  more  than  was  raised  for  this  purpose  in  1859, 
while  the  increase  in  the  value  of  the  School  property  reported 
was  $412,320  04.  The  amount  now  reported,  $1,505,616  34,  is 
probably  a  near    approximation   to  the   value    of  the    Primary 

School-houses  and  sites  in  the  State. 

«• 

The  product  of  the  two-mill  tax,  as  reported,  was  $259,557.08. 
If  to  this  is  added  the  Primary  School  Interest  money  appor- 
tioned, the  amount  will  be  $367,876  99,  or  nearly  $100,000  less 
than  was  paid  for  teachers'  wages  during  the  year.  If,  howev- 
er, we  deduct  from  this  difference  the  amounts  raised  by  special 
tax,  and  paid  to  teachers  in  the  cities  and  large  Union  School 
Districts,  the  result  would  show  that  the  Primary  Schools  of  the 
State  might  be  made  nearly  or  quite  free,  from  these  two 
sources,  for  nearly  six  months  in  the  year.     The  amount  paid 


No.  t.  9 

for  teachers'  wages,  $467,286  50,  is  an  increase  of  $31,965  23 
over  that  paid  the  previous  year. 

On  the  whole,  the  reports  exhibit  a  gratifying  growth  in  our 
School  interests.  The  relative  increase  of  this  year,  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  previous  years,  will  be  seen  in  the  following 
tabular  statement  of  the  principal  statistics  of  1860,  and  tJie  ten 
years  next  preceding  : 


YEAR. 

No.  of  children 
between  4  & 
ISyrs.  of  age 

No.  of  children 
attending 
school. 

No.    of   Male 
Teachers. 

_2 

is 
p.. 

%^    ■ 
'^   o 
o"  2 

>  s 

<  B 

02   • 

o  ^ 
<   P- 

>> 

•3  ■ 
Qj  =: 

B^ 
< 

For  building  & 
repairing 
schoolhouses 

1850 

132.234 
143,272 
150,531 
173.117 
175^000 
187,549 
202,274 
215,928 
227,010 
237,541 
246,684 

110,487 
115,165 
103,266 
129,517 

1,475 

2,612 

$155,469*30 
125,063  62 
237;827  15 

S  32,318  75 
69,085  37 
37,833  36 
63,763  42 

$  46,797  01 
68  614  12 

1851 

1852 

65,477  65 

1863 

80,904  89 

185A 

1855 

142.307 
153^116 
162;936 
173,594 
183,759 
192,937 

1.600 
i;775 
2,131 
2,326 
2,444 
2,599 

3.474 
31746 
4^605 
4.905 
4. 068 
5.344 

5.5 
6.0 
6.7 
6.0 
5.6 
6.2 

295,231  29 
353,077  76 
423,129  22 
442,227  37 
435,321  27 
467,286  50 

83,932  84 
100,009  49 
121,651  14 
118,099  89 
104,869  20 

67,484  88 

137,120  69 

1856 

1857 

161,350  91 

1858 

149,491  01 

1859 

1860 

103,509  45 
124,623  37 

GRADED  OR  UNION  SCHOOLS. 

The  number  of  Graded  or  Union  Schools  in  the  State,  as  re- 
ported by  the  Inspectors,  is  ninety-four.  Reports  from  several 
of  these  Schools  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix.  There  have 
been  constructed  within  the  past  year,  in  several  of  the  Union 
districts,  large  and  beautiful  School  buildings,  at  a  cost  vary- 
ing from  $5,000  to  $15,000. 

The  Union  Schools  are  the  High  Schools  of  our  State,  and 
their  increasing  numbers  are  both  the  necessary  means  and  the 
accurate  measure  of  the  progress  of  higher  education  among 
us.  This  progress  of  higher  education,  marks  in  turn,  the  gen- 
eral improvement  in  common  School  education  and  the  eleva- 
tion in  its  standards.  The  increased  efficiency  and  success  of 
the  common  School  creates  at  once  the  demand  for  the  Union 
High  School. 

Every  facility  thould  be  afforded,  by  law,  to  induce  the  villa- 
ges and  more  populous  districts  to  organize  graded  Schools.  It 
is  elsewhere  suggested  in  this  report,  that  the  law  for  graded 
Schools  should  be  so  amended  as  to  permit  Districts  having  100 


10  Doa 

children  of  legal  school  ages,  to  organize  under  it.  A  district 
having  this  number  of  children,  will  require  two  teachers,  and 
whenever  more  than  one  teacher  is  employed,  the  work  of  gra- 
ding should  begin. 

The  Superintendent  begs  leave  to  refer  to  his  report  for  1859,, 
for  a  fuller  statement  of  the  argument  for  Union  Schools,  and 
of  the  conditions  essential  to  their  success.  In  confirmation  of 
the  views  there  advanced,  and  as  a  clear  and  forcible  statement 
of  the  advantages  of  the  system,  I  append  the  following  quota- 
tions from  a  pamphlet,  recently  published,  on  the  High  School 
Policy  of  Massachusetts.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  High  Schools 
of  Massachusetts  are  analagous  tb  the  High  School  depart- 
ments of  our  Union  Schools. 

"When  the  number  of  pupils  in  a  given  school,  being  of  dif- 
ferent studies  and  attainments,  becomes  so  great  as  to  need  two 
teachers,  it  is  obviously  best  to  divide  that  school  on  the  basis 
of  scholarship.  One  division  is  then  a  High  School  with  refer- 
ence to  the  other.  And  when  this  one  becomes  so  large  as  to 
necessitate  another  division,  that  division  should  also  be  made 
on  the  same  principle  as  the  first.  Then  the  division  embracing 
the  pupils  of  the  hightest  attainments  will  constitute  a  High 
School  in  comparison  with  the  other  two.  And  it  is  reasonable 
to  continue  these  divisions,  elevating  each  High  School  higher 
and  higher  till  one  of  two  things  is  obtained. 

The  process  should  continue  till  there  are  not  pupils  enough 
to  constitute  a  still  higher  school,  or  till  those  wishing  to  pursue 
more  advanced  studies  are  prepared  to  leave  for  the  scientific 
and  professional  school,  or  for  college.  Of  the  soundness  of 
this  policy  of  grading  schools  and  classifying  scholars  accord- 
ing to  studies  and  attainments,  practical  educators  have  no 
question.  Indeed,  most  of  the  towns  in  the  State  have  so  graded 
and  classified  as  to  have  their  lower  and  upper  schools  ;  that  is, 
they  have  their  High  School.  And  this,  each  town  or  city  has 
raised  higher  and  higher,  as  expediency  dictated." 

"This  new  era  in  our  common  school  interests  was  inaugura- 
ted by  the  Board  of  Education,  in  1837,  and  has  been  more 


No.  1.  11 

hopefully  opening  to  the  present  time.  Such  men  as  Everett 
and  Sparks  were  members  of  the  first  Board,  who  marked  out 
broader  and  brighter  paths  for  the  masses  of  the  children  of 
Massachusetts.  And  nobly  has  this  new  movement  succeeded, 
as  a  few  facts  will  show. 

''During  the  progress  of  this  new  impulse  to  the  cause  of  pop- 
ular education,  the  State  has  nearly  doubled  its  population,  with 
a  proportionate  increase  of  pupils.  Yet  the  nuinber  of  acade- 
mies and  private  schools  has  fallen  off  one  hundred  and  eleven, 
and  the  number  of  pupils  in  them  has  also  decreased  three 
thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighty-five.  This  is  a  significant 
fact,  when  we  remember  that  while  this  decrease  has  been  going 
on,  the  number  of  pupils  in  the  State  has  nearly  doubled.  Of 
course,  there  has  been  a  corresponding  and  very  happy  reaction 
in  favor  of  the  free  schools.  During  this  time  about  one  hund- 
red High  Schools  have  been  established,  free  to  all,  and  doubir 
less,  receiving  many  or  the  most  of  those  four  thousand  pupils 
who  have  fallen  off  from  the  private  schools.  The  average  ap- 
propriation of  money  per  scholar  through  the  State  has  risen 
from  $2.62,  in  183t,  to  $5.82,  in  185t.  Another  item  of  auspicious 
change  should  go  into  this  record.  In  1835,  $80,000  were  ex- 
pended in  the  State  on  the  public  School-houses.  But  in  1855,, 
this  sum  rose  to  $588,213  55. 

"Here,  then,  we  have  about  one  hundred  free  High  Schools 
springing  up  in  the  place  of  one  hundred  and  eleven  private^ 
Schools  and  Academies  discontinued,  an  appropriation  of  more 
tlian  double  the  amount  of  public  money  per  scholar,  and  the 
money  expended  on  public  School-houses  increased  more  than 
seven  fold.  And  of  the  character  of  these  High  Schools  the 
present  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education,  Ex-Governor 
Boutwell,  says,  "they  have  furnished  a  better  practical  educa- 
tion than  could  have  been  obtained  thirty  years  ago  in  any  in- 
stitution in  Massachusetts." 

"The  historical  and  documentary  evidence  now  presented, 
reveals  the  true  intent  of  the  State  policy  and  purpose.  It  is- 
to  offer  to    all  the  children   of  the  Commonwealth,  without  re- 


12  Doc. 

gard  to  wealth,  or  family,  or  social  grade,  or  religious  distinc- 
tion, free,  equal,  and  the  best  school  advantages  that  can  be 
had  before  entering  the  College  or  Professional  School.  To  do 
this,  it  is  the  policy  and  wish  to  establish  the  High  School 
wherever  the  population,  location,  and  just  patronage  will  war- 
rant, and  to  make  it  such  as  to  draw  to  its  support  those  con- 
tributions of  children,  friends  and  interest,  that  have  heretofore 
gone  abroad,  and  so  impoverished  the  School  of  the  people. 
The  aim  is  to  make  it  both  the  interest  and  the  pleasure  of  the 
rich  to  share  with  the  poor,  what  they  expend  for  school  advan- 
tages on  their  own  more  fortunate  children.  The  aim  is  to 
unite  public  and  private  educational  outlays  for  a  common 
good,  and  at  the  same  time  make  each  party  more  prosperous 
by  the  union,  than  either  could  be  separate.  For  the  last  thirty 
years,  this  has  been  the  policy  of  the  friends  of  education  in 
Massachusetts,  and  yearly  it  has  gained  confidence  and  vigor 
by  its  utility. 

"  Says  the  Hon.  Mr.  Boutwell,  in  his  report,  as  Secretary,  for 
the  year  1856,  "  All  should  be  convinced,  if  possible,  that  pub- 
lic schools,  except  for  strictly  professional  culture,  are  at  once 
more  beneficial,  and  economical.  *  *  *  Private  or  select 
schools  do  not  thrive,  except  such  as  are  professional  in  their 
character,  or  amply  endowed,  where  the  public  schools  are  what 
they  ought  everywhere  to  be.  And  where  such  public  schools 
exist,  the}^  furnish  better  education,  within  the  limits  occupied, 
than  can  be  furnished  by  any  private  school."  It  is  apparent 
that  a  town  of  two,  four  or  six  thousand  inhabitants,  can  edu- 
cate its  children  cheaper,  when  it  employs  but  one  system,  than 
it  can  when  it  employs  two,"  the  public  and  the  private.  "The 
existence  of  private  schools  to  do  the  work  ordinarily  done  in 
the  public  schools  is  strong  evidence  that  the  latter  are  not 
what  they  ought  to  be." 

"The  cost  is  an  important  question.  The  reasonable  de- 
mands for  money  by  direct  taxation  make  it  imperative  that 
the  expense  of  a  High  School  be  carefully  considered  by  any 
town  proposing  it.     The  annual   cost  of  an  ordinary  school  of 


/^ 


No.  1.  18 

this  kind,  is  from  ten  to  twelve  hundred  dollars.  In  towns  of 
three  thousand  inhabitants,  the  annual  amount  of  taxes  is 
about  $10,000.  So  the  cost  of  the  school  to  each  tax-payer 
would  be  about  one-tenth  of  his  entire  bill.  In  1853,  twenty- 
three  towns  in  eastern  Massachusetts,  and  the  most,  if  not  all 
of  them, supporting  a  High  School,  paid  the  average  of  $6  96  in 
taxes  for  all  purposes  on  every  thousand  dollars  of  taxable 
property.  In  a  town  paying  this  rate  of  tax,  a  man  would  pay 
from  seventy  to  ninety  cents  on  every  thousand  dollars,  for 
which  he  is  taxed,  in  supporting  an  ordinary  High  School.  If 
he  pays  but  a  poll-tax,  the  school  costs  him  nothing. 

''Now  here  is  revealed  a  system  of  vast  economy  to  a  town. 
For  a  fair  High  School  answers  all  the  purposes  of  an  Acade- 
my, while  the  expense  of  a  pupil  sent  from  home  to  an  Acad- 
emy will  average  more  than  $200  per  annum.  And  so  a  town 
sending  but  ten  pupils  away  to  school  sends  out  of  town  twice 
the  amount  of  money  necessary  to  procure  similar  advantages 
for  forty  or  fifty  children  at  home  in  a  High  School.  And  yet 
many  towns  that  feel  unable  to  support  a  High  School,  keep 
from  ten  to  thirty  children  constantly  out  of  town  at  school. 
And  their  attainments  in  scholarship,  are  no  better  than  they 
would  be  in  a  good  High  School  at  home.  It  is  true  in  the  es- 
timated expenses  of  the  child  at  the  Academy,  board  is  inclu- 
ded, which  must  also  be  furnished  if  he  study  at  home.  But  a 
parent  well  knows  that  the  cost  of  board  and  outfit  for  a  schol- 
ar at  home,  is  trifling,  and  scarcely  felt,  compared  with  the 
raising  of  that  amount  of  money  to  be  sent  away  with  the 
child. 

"And  so  the  economy  of  the  system  in  question  is  seen  to  be 
vast,  even  if  all  who  wish  the  advantages  of  a  High  School 
are  able  to  send  their  children  abroad.  Yet  as  matter  of  fact, 
but  a  small  portion  of  the  parents  can  afford  to  do  this. 

''With  such,  a  good  education  is  the  principal,  if  not  the  only 
inheritance  that  they  can  give  their  children.  That  education 
must  be  a  large  part  of  the  capital,  the  stock  in  trade,  with 
which  the   child  will  enter  the  walks  of  business.     If  this  edu- 


z^' 


14  Doc. 

cation  be  restricted  to  the  rudiments  of  the  ordinary  district 
school,  that  child  cannot  compete  to  advantage  with  the  one 
who  has  had  the  superior  preparations  of  the  Academy  for  the 
higher  grades  of  business.  The  parent  may  wish  most  earnest- 
ly to  send  the  child  abroad  a  year.  Perhaps  in  his  straitened 
circumstances  he  may  eke  out  the  means  to  send  his  boy  or 
girl  away  for  on'e  term.  Now  the  cost  for  that  term  would  pay 
his  taxes  on  $2,000  for  a  High  School  for  for'ty  years!  And  if 
he  have  the  family  of  John  Rogers,  the  martyr,  and  graduate 
them  all  at  the  High  School,  the  tax  will  be  no  more  than  for  a 
r<^  solitary  child.     And  here   we  see  the  parental  kindness  of  the 

State,  toward  the  poor,  in  both  allowing  and  requiring  a  town 
of  five  hundred  families  to  support  a  High  School.  The  State 
thus  gives  to  the  poor  the  power  to  confer  on  their  children  at 
home  as  good  an  education,  excepting  a  collegiate  and  profess- 
ional one,  as  the  rich  can  find  for  theirs  abroad.  And  hence, 
Mr.  Mann  has  so  truthfully  said,  that  the  State  offers  the  High 
School  '  especially  to  the  children  of  the  poor,  who  cannot  in- 
cur the  expenses  of  a  residence  from  home  in  order  to  attend 
such  a  school.'" 

S'JHOOL   TAXES. 

By  an  act  passed  February  15,  1859,  the  supervisors  of  the 
several  townships  of  the  State  were  ordered  to  assess,  annually, 
a  tax  of  two  mills  upon  each  dollar  of  taxable  property  in  their 
respective  townships,  for  the  support  of  schools.  The  proceeds 
of  this  tax,  except  so  much  thereof  as^might  be  voted  for  libra- 
ries at  the  township  meetings,  was  declared  to  belong  to  the 
districts  in  which  it  was  raised.  It  was  believed  that  this  tax 
would  adequately  sustain  the  Schools,  and  it  was,  therefore, 
voted  to  repeal  the  law  which  authorizes  the  several  districts  to 
raise  the  additional  tax  of  a  dollar  or  less  for  each  scholar 
But,  by  accident,  the  repealing  clause  was  not  engrossed,  and 
hence  failed  to  become  a  law.  The  per  capita  tax  on  the  scholar 
is,  therefore,  still  legal,  and  was  voted  by  a  large  number  of 
districts  the  past  year. 


No.  1.  15 

This  subject  of  school  taxes  will  demand  the  serious  attention 
of  the  Legislature.  It  is  generally  believed  that  an  absolute 
township  tax  is  better  than  a  district  tax  to  be  voted  annually 
by  the  legal  voters  of  the  district.  Much  dissatisfaction  is 
created  in  the  districts,  and  bitter  strifes  arise  often  between 
the  advocates  of  a  large  tax  and  those  who  would  make  it  less, 
which  disturb  the  peace  and  not  unfrequently  destroy  the  pros- 
perity of  the  Schools.  The  returns  of  the  last  School  year  show 
that  the  two  mill  tax,  if  its  proceeds  can  be  distributed  on  some 
equitable  plan,  will  support  free  Schools  for  the  three  months, 
required  by  the  Constitution,  even  in  the  newer  counties,  while 
in  the  older  and  more  populous  counties  it  will  make  the  Schools 
free  for  six,  and  sometimes  even  nine  months  in  the  year. 

If  it  should  be  determined  to  repeal  the  section  authorizing 
the  dollar  a  scholar  tax,  some  compensating  provision  should  be 
made  for  such  districts  in  the  newer  counties  as  may  require  it, 
and  also  for  the  smaller  class  of  Union  Schools  which  not  hav- 
ing 200  scholars,  cannot  organize  under  the  graded  School  law, 
but,  nevertheless,  have  the  longer  and  more  expensive  terms  of 
School  and  the  higher  grade  of  instruction  common  in  the  Union 
Schools.  To  meet  the  wants  of  this  latter  class,  it  will  be  suffi- 
cient to  amend  the  graded  school  law  so  as  to  authorize  districts 
having  100  children  between  the  ages  of  four  and  eighteen 
years  to  organize  under  it. 

The  wants  of  the  former  class  would  be  met  by  authorizing 
each  District  Board  to  make  an  estimate  of  the  amount  needed, 
in  addition  to  the  public  money  to  be  received,  to  support  the 
School  six  months,  and  to  report  such  estimate  to  the  Supervi- 
sor to  be  assessed  on  the  property  of  the  District.  A  District 
tax  thus  levied  would  awaken  no  strifes,  and  create  no  ill  will, 
but  would  allow  of  the  raising  of  just  the  amount  needed  to 
maintain  the  Schools. 

APPORTIONMENT    OF  PUBLIC    MONEYS. 

Much  trouble  has  been  experienced  in  devising  plans  for  an 
equal  and  just  apportionment  of  proceeds  of  School  taxes.     The 


16  Doc. 

wide  disparity  of  the  different  Districts  in  respect  to  wealth  and 
population,  the  varying*  length  of  their  annual  terms  of  School, 
and  the  unavoidable  differences  in  the  kind  and  cost  of  teaching- 
required,  render  difiicult  the  adoption  of  any  general  plan  which 
will  equalize  the  benefits  and  burdens  of  the  Schools. 

Our  present  plan  of  distribution  is  eminently  bad  and  un- 
equal. The  distribution  to  each  district  of  the  amount  raised 
therein,  makes  the  tax  really  a  district  tax.  It  simply  levies  an 
absolute  and  unvarying  tax  of  two  mills  upon  each  dollar  of 
taxable  property  in  the  district,  without  regard  to  the  wealth  of 
the  people,  or  the  size  and  cost  of  their  School.  The  result  is 
that  many  districts  raise  more  money  than  they  know  how  to 
use,  while  others  are  forced  to  curtail  their  school  terms,  or  are 
burdened  with  heavy  rate  bills  for  tuition.  The  only  plausible 
plea  for  this  plan,  is  the  seeming  equity  of  allowing  each  dist^ 
rict  the  sole  benefit  of  its  own  taxes.  The  same  rule  carried 
another  step,  would  return  to  each  tax-payer  the  amount  he  had 
paid,  and  all  taxation  for  education  would  be  at  an  end.  But 
if,  as  the  common  sense  of  the  country  has  decided,  property 
may  rightfully  be  taxed  to  pay  for  that  education  which  lends 
to  property  its  chief  values,  and  surrounds  it  with  its  best 
safeguards,  then  certainly  the  proceeds  of  the  school  tax  should 
be  so  apportioned  as  best  to  secure  the  purposes  for  which  it 
was  raised.  A  particular  district  can  no  more  claim  to  receive 
the  exact  amount  it  has  paid,  than  a  single  citizen 
can  demand  again  the  moneys  collected  from  him.  The  two 
mill  tax  was  designed  to  be  a  township  tax,  and  should  be 
equitably  apportioned  to  the  support  of  all  the  schools  in  the 
township. 

The  former  plan  of  distributing  the  proceeds  of  the  mill  tax 
to  the  districts,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  children  to  be 
educated,  was  better,  but  even  this  failed  to  meet  equally  the 
wants  of  the  districts,  since  the  expenses  of  the  Schools  are 
never  in  the  direct  ratio  of  the  number  of  children.  The  district 
with  fifteen  scholars  must  have  one  teacher,  while  the  district 
with  fifty  wants   no  more  than  one.     It  is  true  that  the  former 


No.  1.  n 

may  get  its  teacher  for  less  wages,  having  less  work  to  do ; 
but  the  ratio  of  the  wages  in  the  two  districts  will  never  be  as 
fifteen  to  fifty.  Were  it  possible  to  make  our  districts  nearly 
equal  in  population,  then  an  apportionment  on  the  scholar 
would  afford  equal  aid  to  each;  but  such  an  arrangement  of 
districts  is  simply  impossible.  There  are  tracts  of  territory  so 
sparsely  populated  that  it  is  impossible  to  find  more  than  twelve 
or  fifteen  children  within  the  nine  sections  of  land  allowed  by 
law,  in  a  district,  while  others  will  show  a  hundred  children 
living  on  a  single  section.  It  is  demanded,  alike  by  sound  pol- 
icy and  by  a  wise  philanthropy,  that  some  more  adequate  pro- 
vision than  now  exists  shall  be  made  for  the  smaller  and  weak- 
er districts  of  the  State. 

In  New  York  and  several  other  States  the  plan  has  been 
adopted  of  dividing  one-third,  or  some  similar  proportion,  of  the 
public  moneys  equally  among  the  districts,  without  reference  to 
their  size  or  population.  The  remaining  two-thirds  is  then  ap- 
portioned on  the  population  or  number  of  children  of  school 
ages.  After  a  careful  consideration  of  the  whole  subject,  and 
a  special  examination  of  the  statistics  of  the  school  districts  of 
our  State  to  ascertain  the  applicability  of  this  system  to  our 
circumstances,  I  unhesitatingly  recommend  it  to  the  Legisla- 
ture for  adoption. 

To  illustrate  its  operation,  let  two  districts,  one  of  sixty 
scholars,  and  the  other  of  twenty,  be  taken  as  an  example :  An 
apportionment  on  the  scholar  which  would  give  the  larger  dist- 
rict $90,  would  at  the  same  time  give  the  smaller  one  only  $30. 
The  former,  paying  its  teacher  $20  a  month,  would  have  4J 
months  of  free  school ;  the  latter  could  at  the  same  wages  have 
only  IJ  months'  school.  Should  it  be  able,  on  account  of  its 
smaller  numbers,  to  obtain  a  teacher  for  $12  a  month,  it  would 
still  have  only  2^  months  of  free  school.  But  suppose  that  of 
the  $120  of  public  money  paid  to  both  districts,  $40,  or  one- 
third  should  be  divided  equally  between  them,  and  the  remain- 
ing two-thirds  be  apportioned  on  the  number  of  children.     The 


18  Doc. 

larger  district  would  then  receive  $80,  and  the  smaller  $40. 
The  former  could  still  have  4  months  school,  at  $20  a  month, 
while  the  latter  might  have  its  3 J  months,  at  $12  a  month.  The 
balance  would  still  be  in  favor  of  the  larger  district,  but  the 
smaller  would  have  received  aid  somewhat  more  proportionate 
to  its  needs. 

Would  our  State  consent  to  abolish  the  present  system  of 
districts,  and  adopt  in  the  place  of  it,  the  township  school  sys- 
tem, making  each  township  a  school  organization,  with  a  town- 
ship Board  of  School  officers,  empowered  to  receive  the  school 
moneys  and  to  support  the  schools  of  the  township  therewith, 
this  whole  difficulty  of  equitable  apportionments  would  at  once 
disappear.  The  schools  would  be  lifted  at  once  above  the 
blighting  influence  of  neighborhood  jealousies  and  strifes,  would 
oftener  be  entrusted  to  wise  and  competent  boards,  and  could 
be  thoroughly  systematized,  in  respect  to  teachings,  text  books, 
and  gradation.  The  towns  of  Massachusetts  are  voluntarily 
returning  to  this,  which  was  the  earliest  system  of  that  State, 
nearly  100  of  333  towns  having  already  adopted  it.  In  Penn- 
sylvania and  Ohio,  a  similar  system  has  been  established  by 
law.  It  is  in  many  respects  the  most  efficient  system  of  school 
organization  yet  tried. 

STATE    teachers'    INSTITUTES. 

There  were  held,  under  the  personal  direction  of  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction,  the  past  year,  eight  Institutes, 
each  continuing  in  session  ten  working  days.  The  total  num- 
ber of  teachers  instructed  in  these  Institutes  was  twelve  hun- 
dred and  fifty-one,  and  the  total  public  expenditures  for  the  same 
were  $1,300. 

The  following  is  a  detailed  statement  of  the  places  at  which 
they  were  held,  the  time  of  beginning,  and  the  attendance  at 
each  : 


No.  T. 


19 


SPRING  SERIES. 

ArrENDANCE. 

Gentl'm'n 

Ladies. 

Total. 

At  Oxford,  beginning  March  19, 

At  Marshall,       "               "       26, 

At  Hastings,      "           April  2, 

86 
66 
39 
32 

81 
36 
34 
42 

124 

88 
104 
109 

146 
101 

5t 
106 

210 
154 
143 

At  Portland,      ''               "      9, 

AUTUMN    SERIES. 

At  Romeo,  beginning  August  2Y, . 

At  Birmingham,  "         Sept.  3, 

141 

221 
137 

At  Corunna,         "             "      10, 

91 

At  Otsego,           "             "      11, 

148 

Totals, 

416 

835 

1,251 

The  enrolled  attendance  at  the  ten  Institutes  held  in  1859, 
was  on  1,248.  This  increased  attendance  affords  a  gratifying 
proof  of  the  growing  interest  felt  in  these  gatherings. 

The  following  gentlemen  delivered  evening  lectures  or  gave 
instructions  in  the  Institutes  :  Rev.  H.  Tappan,  and  Frof.  D. 
Wood,  of  the  University ;  Profs.  Welch,  Sill,  Dudley,  Carey, 
Mayhew,  Foote,  and  Mr.  John  Goodison,  of  the  Normal  School ; 
Rev.  Dr.  Stone,  and  Prof.  E.  Olne^^,  of  Kalamazoo  College  ;  Prof. 
Hosford,  of  Olivet  College  ;  Prof.  J.  Estabrook,  of  Ypsilanti 
Seminary ;  Rev.  S.  A.  Taft,  of  Oxford  Institute  :  Prof.  Kellogg, 
of  Monroe  Young  Ladies'  Seminary  ;  H.  C.  Knight,  Esq.,  Rev. 
Dr.  Hogarth,  and  Dr.  Oilman,  of  Detroit ;  Rev.  D.  J.  Poor,  of 
Dickinson  Institute  ;  Rev.  Mr.  Hurd,  of  Romeo  ;  Rev.  S.  N.  Hill, 
of  Birmingham  ;  Prof.  Ripley,  of  Jackson  ;  U.  Gregory,  Esq.,  of 
Commercial  College,  Kalamazoo  ;  and  Prof.  A.  R.  Dunton  and 
Lady,  of  Boston,  Mass.  I  have  to  acknowledge  my  obligations 
for  the  ready  and  valuable  co-operation,  not  only  of  the  lecturers 
and  teachers  above  named,  but  also  of  the  Press  and  School- 
officers  of  the  several  counties  in  v/hich  the  Institutes  were 
held.  Thanks  are  also  due  to  many  others  for  valuable  services 
rendered.  Citizens  of  all  classes,  without  regard  to  sect  or 
party,  although  it  was  a  year  of  high  political  excitements, 
manifested  the  warmest  interest  in  the  proceedings,  and  contri- 
buted freely  by  their  presence  and  their  hospitalities  to  the  gen- 


20  Doc. 

eral  success.  In  nearly  every  case,  free  homes  were  provided 
for  most  if  not  of  all  the  teachers. 

The  value  of  these  gatherings,  both  as  agencies  for  the  train- 
ing of  teachers,  and  as  occasions  for  cultivating  a  more  enlight- 
ened and  earnest  educational  sentiment  among  the  people,  has 
been  eloquently  expressed  by  the  chief  educational  ofl&cers  in 
every  State  in  which  they  have  been  held.  They  reach  a  class 
of  teachers  that  the  Normal  School  can  never  benefit,  because 
their  employment  as  teachers  is  too  temporary  and  uncertain  to 
lead  them  to  seek  its  instructions  ;  and  they  accomplish  in  the 
open  fieldworh  of  our  educational  system  what  no  other  agency 
can  accomplish.  Their  great  utility  has  been  openly  and  warmly 
commended  by  all  classes  of  citizens.  Said  an  intelligent 
School  inspector,  after  attending  the  exercises  for  several  days, 
"the  State  ought  to  provide  means  to  have  these  institutes  go 
on  throughout  the  year.  There  are  villages  enough  that  would 
be  glad  to  entertain  them." 

The  number  of  applications  for  the  Institute^  has  steadily 
increased,  and  it  is  impossible  to  reach,  in  any  one  year,  all  the 
places  from  which  requests  are  received. 

After  careful  reflection  and  full  consultation  with  several  of 
the  leading  educationists  of  the  State,  I  have  concluded  to  ask 
the  Legislature  to  so  modify  the  Institute  law,  as  to  allow  the 
Institutes  to  be  held  for  one  week  each,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
Superintendent.  They  are  required  now  to  be  held  ten  working 
days  each.     The  reasons  for  the  change  asked  are  mainly  these  : 

1st.  A  session  of  one  week  would  accomplish  at  least  three- 
fourths  of  the  good  that  can  be  done  in  the  ten  days. 

2d.  Many  teachers  would  be  induced  to  attend  a  session  of  one 
week  who  cannot,  or  will  not  afford,  the  longer  time. 

3d.  The  tax  upon  the  hospitality  of  the  places  where  the 
Institutes  are  held  would  be  less.  The  session  closing  on  Sat- 
urday, the  families  would  be  left  to  their  own  quiet  again  on 
the  Sabbath,  and  the  hospitality  which  must  now  be  sometimes 
felt  to  be  burdensome  would  be  easy  and  agreeable. 

4:th.  Finally  a  much  larger  number  of  Institutes  can  be  held 


No.  T.  ■  21 

and  their  benefits  be  thus  more  widely  extended  through  the 
State. 

SUPEEVISION  OF  THE  SCHOOLS. 

It  does  not  appear  that  any  attempts  were  ever  made,  before 
the  last  year,  to  secure  returns  of  the  labors  of  the  School  In- 
spectors, and   of  the  amounts  paid  in  the  State  for  the  inspec- 
tion  of  teachers    and  schools.     In   the  Inspectors'  reports  for 
1860,  blanks  were  prepared  for  these  items,  and  the  following 
is   the    summary   of  returns:     Of  the  653  townships    sending 
School  reports,    604  make  reports  under  the  heads  for  Inspec- 
tors' statistics  ;  but  of  these,   a  considerable  number  fail  to  re- 
port upon  each  head  required.     The  604   towns  reporting  the 
meetings  held  to  examine  teachers,  give  2,392  meetings.     The 
number   of  teachers  examined  was   6,619  ;  of  whom,   5,913  re- 
ceived certificates.     The  whole  number  of  meetings  of  Inspec- 
tors held,  was  3,425.     Only  458   towns  report  the  expense  of 
these  meetings,  and  in  those  towns  the  amount  was  $5,680  52, 
or  an  average  of  $12  40  for  each  town.     In  481  towns  reporting 
any  visits   to   schools,  the   number  of  such  visits  was  4,506. 
The  sums   paid  the  visiting   Inspectors  is  given  for  only  3t2 
towns,  and  amounted  in  those  towns  to  $2,29t  10,  being  an  av- 
erage of  $6  lt|  for  each  town.     The  total  cost  of  Inspectors' 
services,  for  the  entire  State,  at  these  average  rates,  would  be 
$12,129  42  a  year. 

The  opinion  is  rapidly  gaining  ground  throughout  the  State, 
and  no  where  faster  than  among  Inspectors  themselves,  that  our 
present  system  of  supervision  is  radically  defective.  Eequiring* 
but  a  temporary  service,  and  ofi'ering  but  a  meager  remunera- 
tion, it  either  fails  to  command  the  service  of  qualified  men,  or 
finds  them  too  busily  engaged  in  their  own  affairs,  to  bestow 
the  necessary  time  and  attention  upon  the  Schools.  There  are 
many  excellent  and  zealous  Inspectors  in  the  State,  but  it  can 
hardly  be  expected  that  such  men  will  be  found  in  every  town- 
ship, and  still  less  that  the  chances  of  a  popular  election  will 
bring  them  into  office. 

An  adequate  and  really  valuable  supervision  of  our  Schools, 


n  Doc. 

would  require  that  well  qualified  and  experienced  men  be  em- 
ployed, and  that  they  devote  themselves  wholly  to  this  work. 
This  will  demand,  1st,  That  a  sufficient  territory  be  embraced 
in  the  district  of  each  inspecting  officer,  to  occupy  his  whole 
time,  or  such  as  he  can  superintend  ;  and,  2d,  That  he  be  paid 
a  salary  that  will  compensate  him  for  his  time  and  work. 

Pennsylvania  elects  one  Superintendent  for  each  County ; 
New  York  one  for  each  Assembly  District.  This  system  of 
County  or  District  Superintendents,  has  been  heartily  approved 
by  the  leading  educationists  of  the  whole  country,  and  numer- 
ous public  meetings  and  prominent  citizens  have  pronounced  in 
its  favor  in  our  own  State. 

That  our  plan  of  supervision  should  be  changed,  is  alike 
demanded  by  sound  economy,  and  by  the  best  interests  of  our 
Schools.  The  large  outlays  for  education  in  the  State  might 
easily  be  made  twice  as  productive  as  they  now  are,  by  some 
system  which  should  introduce  more  life  and  efficiency  into  the 
Schools.  Thousands  upon  thousands  of  dollars  are  wasted, 
annually,  upon  Schools  v/hich,  through  the  inexperience  or 
incompetency  of  teachers,  work  more  injury  than  good  to  the 
children  who  are  so  unfortunate  as  to  attend  them.  Our  Schools, 
it  is  to  be  feared,  are  not  generally  yielding  the  product  in  edu- 
cated mind  and  sound  learning  which  they  ought.  An  active, 
energetic,  and  critical  supervision  would  drive  the  incompetent 
teachers  out,  and  quicken  the  competent  to  more  successful 
efforts.  The  county  that  pays  $20,000  annually  for  teachers'' 
wages,  would  have  better  Schools,  and  get  more  for  its  money, 
if  it  would  pay  $1,000  of  the  sum  to  an  intelligent  and  efficient 
Superintendent  who  should  see  that  the  remainder  was  properly 
expended,  or  that  the  teachers'  employed  by  it  performed  skill- 
fully and  faithfully  their  labors. 

Should  the  Legislature  determine  upon  the  adoption  of  some 
system  of  county  or  district  Superintendency,  the  following 
points  will  require  careful  consideration  : 

1st.  The  selection  of  well  qualified  officers.  This  is  vitally 
essential  to  the  success  of  the  system,  and  will  be  best  secured 


No.  7.  23 

by  vesting  the  power  of  choice  in  some  competent  board  who 
may  carefully  deliberate  and  appoint  only  after  full  consulta- 
tion. The  choice  of  a  county  Superintendent  should  no  more 
be  left  to  the  contingencies  of  a  popular  election  than  the  choice 
of  a  teacher  should.  In  the  one  case  as  in  the  other,  the  private 
character  and  personal  qualifications  of  the  man  are  the  essen- 
tial conditions  of  success  in  the  work  to  be  done,  and  these  per- 
sonal characteristics  and  qualities  are  to  be  known  only  by  a 
personal  examination  and  inquiry,  such  as  the  mass  of  voters 
have  no  opportunity  to  inake.  The  duties  of  the  county  Super- 
intendent are  no  set  routine  of  official  acts  which  any  man  of 
sufficient  ability,  may  perform,  without  having  any  special 
fitness  for  the  task,  but  like  the  work  of  a  teacher,  they  vary  a^d 
change  with  every  day  and  every  district,  and  can  only  be 
successfully  met  by  that  personal  tact  and  power  which  nature 
and  ripe  experience  alone  can  give.  His  business  is  a  vocation 
rather  than  an  office,  and  I  would  as  soon  expect  good  Schools 
when  the  teachers  were  nominated  at  a  political  caucus  and 
elected  at  a  township  election,  as  a  successful  superintendency 
with  a  Superintendent  chosen  in  the  same  way. 

As  the  Constitution  requires  that  one  School  Inspector  shall 
be  chosen  annually  in  each  township,  the  number  of  Inspectors- 
might  be  reduced  to  one,  and  his  duties  be  made  simply  concur- 
rent with  those  of  the  Superintendent.     I  would  suggest  that 
these  township  Inspectors  be  required  to  meet  once  in  two  years ' 
at  the  County  Seat  and  elect  a  Superintendent  of  Schools  whc 
should  be  required  to  be  a  man  of  competent  learning  and  of 
practical  skill   and  experience  in  the  art  of  teaching.     They 
might  also  be  allowed  to  fix  the  salary,  under  the  requirement 
that  it  should  not  be  less  than  $600  a  year  in  counties  having 
16  organized  townships,  nor  less  than  $400  in  counties  having 
at   least    10    organized   townships.     For  smaller  counties  the 
salary  to  be  paid  might  be  left  to  their  discretion,  while  in  the 
largest  counties,  provision  might  be  made  for  two  Superinten- 
dents. 

Should  it  be  required  that  the  officers  thus  selected  should  be 


24  Doc. 

commissioned  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  as 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  be  made  subject  to  removal  by  him  on 
complaint  of  the  citizens  of  the  county,  and  on  proof  of  incom- 
petency or  unfaithfulness,  a  still  further  safeguard  would  be 
thrown  around  the  office. 

2.  The  Powells  and  Duties  of  the  Office.  The  chief  duties  of 
tli8  County  Superintendent  would  be  to  examine  and  license 
i;eacbers,  and  to  visit  and  examine  schools,  and  he  should  have 
the  sole  power  to  grant  and  revoke  licenses.  He  may  also  have 
^concurrent  power  with  the  township  Inspectors,  in  the  duty  of 
•establishing  or  changing  the  boundaries  of  Districts.  He  should 
receive  and  transmit  the  township  Inspectors'  reports,  and 
should  also  himself  report  annually  to  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction.  A  careful  and  plain  adjustment  of  his  au- 
thority will  be  important  to  the  success  of  his  work. 

DISTRICT  AND  TOWNSHIP  LIBRARIES. 

Reports  of  Libraries  were  received  the  past  year  from  5t3 
townships:  or  36  more  than  reported  libraries  the  previous  year. 
Of  these  townships  lt8  report  township  libraries,  containing  in 
the  aggregate  5t,535  volumes,  being  an  average  of  323  volumes 
in  each  library.  District  Libraries  are  reported  in  395  town- 
ships. The  number  of  District  libraries  reported  is  2,287,  hav- 
ing an  aggregate  of  99,9t9  volumes,  an  average  of  48  volumes 
to  each  District.  In  the  townships  reporting  District  Libraries, 
many  Districts  fail  to  report.  The  whole  number  of  volumes 
in  the  libraries  reported  is  15t,514,  an  increase  of  14,006  vol- 
umes over  the  number  reported  the  preceding  year. 

Only  133  townships  report  any  appropriation  from  the  two 
mill  tax  for  libraries.  The  amount  thus  appropriated  was 
$5,985  It.  The  amount  reported  as  received  from  fines,  &c., 
for  the  support  of  libraries,  was  $6,375  7T. 

This  department  of  our  educational  interests  will  require  the 
especial  attention  of  the  Legislature.  By  the  law  of  1859,  the 
townships  were  required  to  vote  at  the  township  elections  held 
in  the  Spring  of  that  year,  on  the   question  of  the  division  of 


:N'o.  1.  25 

the  township  libraries  among  the  Districts.  The  law  was 
approved  the  loth  of  February,  and  the  election  was  held  the 
first  Monday  in  April  following.  The  interval  was  too  brief  to 
permit  a  thorough  notification  of  the  townships,  and  in  many 
the  vote  was  not  taken  while  in  others  the  vote  was  extremely 
light,  and  the  result  not  satisfactory  to  the  majority  of  the 
people. 

Considerable  difiiculty  arises  from  the  prevalence  of  this 
mixed  system,  partly  township  and  partly  District.  Many  frac- 
tional Districts  belong  to  adjoining  townships  having  the  differ- 
ent systems,  the  one,  township  libraries,  and  the  other  District, 
and  it  has  been  difi&cult  to  adjust  equitably  the  rights  of  such 
Districts.  As  the  voice  of  the  people  of  the  State  has  been 
given  largely  in  favor  of  District  Libraries,  and  as  this  system 
is  certainly  more  in  consonance  with  our  School  system,  and 
better  adapted  to  the  educational  purposes  for  which  these 
libraries  were  mainly  intended,  I  would  recommend  that  the 
township  Inspectors  be  required  by  law,  whenever  the  majority 
of  the  Districts  in  any  township  shall  so  decide  by  vote,  at  any 
annual  District  meeting,  to  divide  the  Township  Library  among 
the  several  Districts  of  the  township. 

In  changing  the  mill  tax  to  a  tax  of  two  mills,  the  Legisla- 
ture of  1859  directed  that  instead  of  the  $25  for  each  township 
annually  set  apart  by  law,  from  the  former  tax,  for  the  support 
of  libraries,  only  so  much  of  the  proceeds  of  the  two  mill  tax 
should  be  used  for  this  purpose,  as  the  voters  of  each  township 
should  annually  determine  at  the  township  meeting.  It  is  evi- 
dent that  our  library  system  must  soon  go  to  decay  and  final 
extinguishment  if  left  to  so  uncertain  and  precarious  a  support. 
Even  the  Schools  themselves  would  soon  fall  in  many  cases,  in- 
to ruin,  if  left  to  depend  for  maintenance  on  such  a  contin- 
gency. 

Sound  policy  requires  that  some  certain  and  suiBficieut  portion 
of  the  school  moneys  shall  be  designated  annually,  for  the  pur" 
chase  of  books  for  tlie  libraries,  unless  we  would  see  this  im- 


26  Doc. 

portant  arm  and  branch  of  our  educational  system  become  ex- 
tinct. While  some  of  the  towns  have  voted  a  liberal  appropri- 
ation for  the  libraries,  amounting  in  some  cases  to  nearly  $300, 
in  other  cases  they  have  voted  farcical  amounts  ;  but  in  the 
great  majority  of  the  townships,  nothing  at  all  was  voted,  and 
in  very  many  no  vote  was  taken. 

At  least  one-tenth  of  the  income  from  the  two  mill  tax  should 
be  set  apart  for  the  libraries,  and  each  district  might  be  allow- 
ed to  vote  an  additional  amount,  after  providing  for  at  least 
three  months  of  free  school.  Many  districts  the  past  year 
would  have  gladly  made  such  an  appropriation  from  their  sur- 
plus funds  if  the  the  law  had  permitted  it. 

Great  complaint  is  made  that  the  proceeds  of  fines  and  pen- 
alties collected  for  the  breach  of  the  penal  statutes,  and  which 
the  Constitution  itself  devotes  to  the  libraries,  are  either  ille- 
gally retained  by  the  officers  collecting  them,  or  misappropria- 
ted to  other  purposes.  The  Supreme  Court  has  decided  that 
the  "  clear  proceeds "  of  such  fines,  &c.,  which  the  law  appro- 
priates to  the  purchase  of  books,  means  and  includes  the  total 
amount  collected,  and  that  this  amount  cannot  be  legally  di- 
minished by  the  costs  of  suits,  or  the  cost  of  collection.  Should 
all  the  fines  collected  in  the  State  be  scrupulously  devoted  as- 
the  law  and  the  Constitution  require,  there  would  be  little  need 
of  providing  any  other  library  fund. 

Although  many  districts  seem  still  indifferent  to  the  use  or 
fate  of  their  libraries,  there  is  evidently  a  great  awakening  of 
public  interest  in  the  matter  within  the  past  two  years,  and  the 
Department  is  in  the  receipt  of  numerous  letters  showing  that 
a  much  more  healthful  public  sentiment  is  beginning  to  prevail. 
No  reflecting  mind  can  doubt  the  usefulness  and  importance  of 
good  libraries.  The  very  abundance  of  the  light  literature  that 
floods  the  country  in  the  shape  of  trashy  novels  and  novel  like 
papers  and  magazines,  renders  the  diffusion  of  goods  books  the 
more  important  and  necessary.  The  old  master-pieces  of  thought 
and  learning,  the  standard  histories  of  the  language,  the  tales 
of  the  great  travelers,  the  genial  and  elegant  literature  of  our 


No.  t.  27, 

most  refined  authors,  the  poetry  and  eloquence  and  song,  the 
great  lessons  in  simple  words  written  by  our  ablest  writers  for 
children,  in  short,  all  the  purer  and  more  permanent,  all  the  in- 
structive and  ennobling,  all  that  inspires  the  heart  with  better 
purposes  and  the  soul  with  higher  aims, — all  this  is  in  danger 
of  being  lost  sight  of  and  forgotten  amid  the  never  ending 
crowd  of  serials  of  which  no  man  can  tell  the  end  from  the  be- 
ginning, and  of  wonder  books  of  which  the  chief  wonder  is  that 
any  one  should  ever  be  so  foolish  as  either  to  write  or  read  them, 
and  of  which  the  readers  are  but  little  more  benefitted  than  the 
asses  in  the  prophet's  fable,  which  snufied  up  the  east  wind. 

But  while  the  villages  and  adjacent  districts  need  good  libra- 
ries for  the  reason  just  given,  in  a  large  proportion  of  the  rural 
districts  there  is  a  real  dearth  of  books.  In  all  the  newer 
counties  is  this  especially  true.  The  pioneer  does  not  often  go 
near  the  book  store,  and  counts  that  books  are  less  necessary 
than  bread.  Till  his  farm  is  paid  for  and  cleared,  he  feels 
scarcely  able  to  indulge  in  the  luxury  of  a  library,  however 
small.  He  considers  it  much  if  he  can  get  for  his  children  the 
brief  schooling  afibrded  at  his  District  School,  and  does  not, 
perhaps,  reflect  that  their  minds  must  be  fed  with  knowledge  as 
well  as  exercised  with  study,  if  they  are  to  grow  in  wisdom  and 
strength. 

This  dearth  of  good  books  is  more  to  be  deplored  on  the 
account  of  the  children  than  on  that  of  the  adult  population. 
With  no  attractive  books  at  hand,  their  evenings  are  spent  in 
amusements  that  do  not  improve  either  manners  or  morals,  or 
in  tale  telling  that  fosters  the  superstition  without  enlightening 
the  understanding.  And  what  is  equally  to  be  regretted,  their 
youth  passes  without  their  having  formed  that  taste  for  reading- 
which  is  at  once  the  surest  source  and  pledge  of  a  life-long^ 
intelligence,  and  the  ever  ready  means  of  a  pure  and  enduring 
pleasure.  It  is  a  great  misfortune  to  child  or  man,  not  to  have 
formed  the  habit  or  gained  the  ability,  to  sit  down  quietly  with 
a  good  book,  and  find  in  its  pages  all  needed  and  pleasant 
companionship  for  the  hour,  to  long  for  the  time  when  he  may 


28  Doc. 

return  to  it  as  to  a  feast,  and  forget,  amid  its  tales  or  teachings, 
the  busy  cares  and  manifold  anxieties  of  his  lot. 

I  am  aware  that  many  of  our  people  prefer  that  the  proceeds 
of  the  School  taxes  shall  be  all  appropriated  to  the  payment  of 
t-eachers'  wages  ;  but  this  is  because  they  do  not  reflect  that 
books,  too,  are  teachers,  the  cheapest,  and,  oftentimes,  the  best 
of  all  teachers.     They  iiave  not  considered  that  the  ten  dollars 
laid  out   annually  for  good  books,  may  perhaps   contribute  as 
much  towards  the  real  education  of  their  children  as  the  hun- 
dred dollars  spent  to  employ  a  teacher  ;  or  rather  they  have  not 
yet  learned  that  the   teacher  and  library  are   co-workers  and 
necessary   helpmeets.     The   teacher   teaches  to  read,  and  the 
library  furnishes  reading — the  teacher  teaches  to  think,  and 
the   library  furnishes   the   richfest  food   and   the  widest  fields 
for  thought — the  teacher  awakens  the  intellect,  disciplines  its 
powers,  and  developes  the  childish  mind  into  manly  stature  and 
strength  ;  the  library  furnishes  that  intellect  the  readiest  tools 
and  richest  materials  for  its  work — the  knowledge  from  which 
it  may  weave  its  opinions,  the  facts  upon  which  it  must  found 
its  arguments  and  the  reasonings  by  which  it  may  correct  its 
judgments.     Our    Schools   might  not   unwisely   abridge   their 
terms  one  of  the  six  months  during  which  they  are  now  taught, 
in  the  average,  and  expend  the  month's  wages  in  books  for  the 
libraries,  rather  than  permit  those  libraries  to  go  unreplenished. 
The  five  months  of  School,  with  a  good  library  in  the  School- 
house,  or  not  too  far  away,  would  make  better  scholars,  even  in 
reading,  spelling,  and  arithmetic,  than  the  six  months  of  School 
without  it. 

I  subjoin  some  of  the  opinions  and  statements  collected  from 
letters  received  at  the  office. 

An  intelligent  Director  in  one  of  the  older  Counties  writes: 

"There  is  a  general  apathy  on  the  part  of  parents.  Youug 
persons  and  children  manifest  a  great  anxiety  to  read,  and 
would  still  more,  if  we  had  an  interesting  variety."  • 

After  stating  that  the  township  meeting  refused  to  make  any 
appropriation,  he  says  : 


No.  1.  29 

"With  respect,  to  the  other  fund  for  libraries,  viz.:  the  fines 
in  the  County,  there  is  just  reason  to  complain.  I  find  almost 
universally,  in  the  County  where  Justices  of  the  Peace  collect 
fines,  they  appropriate  the  money  to  pay  costs  directly,  (rob- 
bing Peter  to  pay — themselves,)  because,  forsooth,  it  saves  so 
much  trouble  and  cost.  It  is  a  robbery  of  the  library  funds, 
and  should  be  corrected.  For  two  years  past,  there  has  accu- 
mulated about  seventy-five  cents  for  this  district,  by  way  of 
fines. 

"I  think  the  District  system  preferable,  and  better  calculated 
to  create  an  interest  generally." 

A  Director  in  Hillsdale  County  presents  the  following  con- 
olusions  : 

"  1st.  It  will  require  (in  our  district)  an  expenditure,  annually, 
of  about  ten  dollars  to  keep  the  library  sound  and  new. 

"2d.  If  the  fine  money  (of  which  we  get  none)  will  not, 
when  faithfully  applied,  amount  to  that  sum,  other  appropria- 
tions should  be  made  ;  and  the  two  mill  tax  is,  perha,ps,  the  ap- 
propriate fund. 

"  3.  To  feel  pecuniarily  the  expense  of  maintaining  the  library, 
will  very  materially  enhance  the  interest  of  the  joint  owners  of 
ihe  same  ;  as  all  Yankees  are  bound  to  get  the  worth  of  their 
money  in  some  luay. 

"4th.  To  keep  the  library  at  the  school  house  would  promote 
reading  by  the  scholars,  and  a  consequent  greater  waste,  from 
use." 

A  Director  in  Saginaw  county  says  : 

"Forty-seven  volumes  have  been  added  [District  Library] 
this  year,  at  a  cost  of  $^0  00  ;  and  better  books  than  fifty  dol- 
lars worth  ever  selected  by  the  Inspectors  of  the  township,  un- 
der the  former  arrangement. 

"  Our  library  is  kept  at  the  School-house,  and  we  are  better 
pleased  with  its  locality  than  to  have  it  at  the  Clerk's  office,  to 
be  handled  and  hauled  every  year,  or  four  times  a  year,  around 
the  outskirts  of  the  township. 

"As  far  as  1  am  personally  acquainted  with  these  matters,  I 


30  Dae. 

think  that  the  district  library  system  is  far  the  most  convenient, 
economical  and  beneficial,  of  any  which  has  heretofore  been  in 
use.  As  fast  as  we  need  books,  a  part  of  the  two  mill  tax  may 
be  voted,  say  one  hundred  dollars,  every  three  years,  or  oftener, 
if  it  should  be  thought  advisable  by  the  electors  at  township 
meeting's.  In  a  few  3/ears  trial,  the  people  can  better  judge  of 
the  utility  of  the  present  system.  The  opposers  are  always 
against  building  new  School-houses,  or  raising  money  for  any 
improvement,  in  townships  or  school  districts,  Hence,  they  tell 
you  a  small  log  hut  "is  as  good  for  a  school-room  as  any  that 
can  be  built,"  and  that  "  children  can  learn  as  fast  in  a  small, 
uncomfortable  room,  as  in  the  best  mansion."  And  furthermore 
our  district  cannot  pay  a  librarian  for  keeping  the  books  in  his 
house,  and  the  School-house  is  not  convenient,  all  the  room  be- 
ing occupied  by  a  few  scholars  and  stove. 

"Now  I  would  simply  remark  that  our  books  are  worth  four 
times  as  much  as  any  which  have  been  selected  by  the  School 
Inspectors  of  our  township  at  the  same  cost.  And  lastty,  but 
not  least,  every  person  can  have  a  book  by  traveling  not  more 
than  two  miles,  while  many  travel  seven  miles  to  get  to  the 
Clerk's  office." 

An  active  Director  in  Ingham  county,  writes  : 
"We  regard  books — good  books — as  one  of  the  best  means 
of  promoting  intelligence  among  the  young,  and  would  sugg-est 
the  propriety  of  allowing  each  School  District,  at  its  annual 
meetings,  to  set  apart  such  a  share  of  the  two-mill  tax  for 
library  purposes,  as  the  voters  at  such  meeting  shall  think 
proper." 

A  Director,  in  Kalamazoo  county,  writes  as  follows  : 
"In  regard  to  the  comparative  interest  in  the  township  and 
district  libraries,  I  would  state  that,  under  the  township  system, 
in  our  district  there  was  no  interest  at  all.  The  Director  would 
not  exchange  the  books  sometimes  for  a  year,  and  when  he  did, 
but  very  few  were  drawn  and  fewer  read. 

"But  under  the  district  system,  quite  an  interest  is  taken. 
The  best  illustration  I  can  give,  is  the  vote  of  our  last  annual 


No.  1.  31 

meeting,  with  but  one  dissenting  voice,  to  raise  ten  dollars  for 
library  books,  and  I  might  say,  that  last  year  it  was  nearly  the 
same. 

"In  regard  to  the  two  mill  tax,  I  should  think,  from  the  inter- 
est shown  at  the  annual  meetings,  tliey  would  be  in  favor  of  a 
certain  portion  of  the  tax  to  be  expened  for  library  purposes. 

"  The  support  of  the  library,  in  my  estimation,  should  be  left 
entirely  to  the  districts  themselves.  Then  the  money  is  ex- 
pended where  it  is  raised,  and  the  people  will  take  more  inter- 
est in  it.  Leaving  the  subject  to  the  voters  at  town  meetings, 
is  leaving  it  in  poor  hands:  at  least  it  is  in  our  tov/n,  for  there 
was  no  vote  upon  it  the  present  year." 

THE    JOURNAL    OF    EDUCATION. 

This  periodical  has  continued  to  be  sent  to  the  district  Direc- 
tors, during  the  year,  at  an  expense  of  sixty  cents  for  each 
district.  Ji  large  amount  of  official  matter  has  been  published 
in  its  pages,  and  has  reached  the  School  officers  much  more 
certainly  and  cheaply  than  it  would  have  done,  if  issued  in 
separate  circulars.  Some  failures  in  the  regular  circulation 
and  receipt  by  the  directors,  have  unavoidably  occurred  among 
so  large  a  number,  but  these  failures  bear  no  comparison  to 
those  that  would  have  occurred  in  sending  the  same  number  of 
circulars  to  the  districts  b}'  mail.  The  district  officers  have 
come  to  look  regularly  for  the  Journal,  and  much  interest  is 
manifested  in  it  by  all  those  who  feel  any  interest  in  their  du- 
ties as  School  officers,  and  the  multiplied  letters  of  School  di- 
rectors, asking  answers  to  be  sent  through  it,  evidence  a  steady 
increase  of  interest  in  its  receipt. 

The  correspondence  through  its  pages,  of  the  Superintendent 
with  the  School  officers,  has  proved  a  great  relief  to  the  Depart- 
ment, while  it  is  believed  to  have  been  of  great  use  to  the  pub- 
lic School  interests.  The  circulars  sent  through  it,  if  sent  in 
separate  form,  would,  with  the  postage,  have  cost  the  State 
one-third  of  the  entire  expense  of  sending  the  Journal,  and  if 
the  cost  of  other  valuable  official  matter  sent  out,  be  added,  the 


32  Doc. 

amount  would  swell  to  full  one-half  of  the  entire  State  subscrip- 
tion. The  amount  for  each  district  is  so  small,  and  the  conven- 
ience to  the  Department,  in  having  a  means  of  constant  and 
ready  communication  with  the  12,000  district  officers,  is  so  use- 
ful and  important,  that  the  Superintendent  would  earnestly 
deprecate  any  repeal  of  the  provision  for  this  public  service. 

It  should,  perhaps,  be  remarked  that  the  Journal  is  the  prop- 
erty of  the  State  Teacher's  Association.  It  was  edited  the  past 
year,  gratuitously,  by  several  prominent  educators,  and  the  en- 
tire net  proceeds  went  into  the  Treasury  of  the  Association,  to 
be  paid  out  again  for  lectures  and  publications  promotive  of 
the  educational  interests  of  the  State. 

SCHOOL    APPARATUS. 

The  reports  of  outline  maps  and  other  school  apparatus  are 
much  more  complete  than  for  previous  years,  but  there  are,  pro- 
bably, considerable  numbers  of  districts  having  apparatus 
which  do  not  report  it.  A  portion  of  the  districts  in  408  town- 
ships, report  apparatus  and  maps  of  the  value  of  $14,793  69. 
The  amount  reported  last  year  was  $8,000  55.  No  provisions 
of  law  are  made  for  the  purchase  of  apparatus  in  districts  hav- 
ing less  than  fifty  children  of  legal  school  ages.  It  is  difficult 
to  say  whether  it  was  thought  that  smaller  districts  than  this 
do  not  need  apparatus,  or  that  they  are  too  poor  to  pay  for  it. 
The  former  supposition  would  be  as  absurd  as  the  latter  is  un- 
just. The  law  now  allows  districts  having  over  fifty  children, 
to  vote  fifty  dollars  in  any  one  year,  for  apparatus.  I  can  see 
no  good  reason  why  this  permission  should  not  be  extended, 
with,  perhaps,  a  diminished  amount,  to  all  the  districts  of  the 
State.  No  School  should  be  without  some  illustrative  appara- 
tus, and  the  many  important  additions  made,  of  late  years,  to 
the  apparatus  manufactured  for  Schools,  as  well  as  its  greater 
cheapness,  which  brings  it  within  the  means  of  the  smaller  and 
less  wealthy  districts,  render  it  increasingly  desirable  that  those- 
districts  shall  be  permitted  the  same  privileges  accorded  by 
law  to  the  larger  ones. 


Ko.  7.  33 

EDUCATIONAL   FUNDS. 

For  all  information  as  to  the  condition  and  increase  of  the 
Educational  Funds,  the  Superintendent  in  indebted  to  the  seye- 
ral  financial  officers  of  the  government. 

The  Primary  School  Fund  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  Pri- 
mary School  Lands,  amounted,  the  30th  day  of  November  last, 
to  $1,684,394  38,  being  an  increase  of  $28,067  15  during  the 
financial  year.  There  were  sold  within  the  year  5103.50  acres 
of  Primary  school  lands,  in  excess  of  the  forfeitures.  Of  the 
Primary  School  Fund,  $697,625  97  are  held  in  trust  by  the 
State,  and  the  balance  $986,769  41  is  due  from  purchasers  of 
the  lands. 

The  income  from  the  fund  for  the  year  was  $115,813  30. 

There  were  sold  during  the  year,  of  the  University  lands, 
484 .  44  acres.  The  income  from  the  fund  for  the  last  year  was 
for  interest  and  penalty  $18,908  48  ;  interest  due  from  State 
$17,989  99  ;   total  $36,898  47. 

The  sales  of  Normal  School  lands  in  1860  was  160  acres. 
The  total  income  from  the  Normal  School  Fund  for  the  year 
was  $4,385  75. 

STATE    REFORM    SCHOOL. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  Board  of  Control  and  of  the  officers 
of  this  intitution,  will  be  found  among  the  documents  appended 
to  the  Superintendent's  report.  Reference  is  made  to  those 
reports  for  the  annual  statistics.  From  a  personal  observation 
of  the  condition  of  the  School,  I  am  happy  to  state  the  belief 
that  it  is  doing  its  humane  and  reformatory  work  with  much 
efficiency  and  success.  A  similar  institution  for  girls  is  much 
needed. 

EDUCATIONAL    LEGISLATION. 

I  have  indicated,  under  their  appropriate  heads,  the  several 
principal  changes  needed  in  our  school  laws.  Among  these 
the  establishment  of  the  county  Superintendency  is  the  only 
radical,  reform.  The  other  changes  are  designed  to  perfect 
and  give  efficiency  to  the  school  system  already  in  operation. 


.34  Doc.  No.  t. 

It  is  left  to  the  Legislature  to  determine  how  many  of  these 
changes  are  at  present  practicable,  and  how  many  may  be  per- 
fected at  the  present  session.  In  conclusion,  I  would  express 
the  hope  that  these  topics  will  receive  that  share  of  time  and 
attention  at  the  hands  of  the  Legislature,  which  their  great 
importance  to  the  whole  people  of  the  State  demands.  It  has 
too  often  happened  that  merely  private  claims  and  local  legis- 
lation have,  by  their  importunity,  engrossed  day  after  day  of 
the  sessions  of  our  legisture,  while  not  more  than  six  or  ten 
hours  out  of  the  whole  forty  days  have  been  devoted  to  matur- 
ing this  great  system  of  educational  institutions  and  agencies 
which  lie  at  the  root  and  nourish  the  growth  of  all  the  grand 
interests  of  society  and  the  State. 

Several  other  topics,  touching  the  general  condition  and  pro- 
gress of  the  Schools,  in  their  interior  workings,  had  been  as- 
signed a  place  in  this  report,  but  the  length  to  which  the  report 
has  already  extended,  and  the  pressing  demands  of  other 
official  duties,  require  their  adjournment  to  another  occasion. 

JOHN  M.  GREGORY, 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
Lansing,  Dec.  15,  I860. 


Note.  Since  the  foregoing  report  was  in  type,  Inspectors'  reports  from  several  additional 
townships  have  been  received.  The  summary  of  Statistics  reported  by  them  will  be  intro- 
duced in  the  abstracts  at  the  close  of  the  volume,  and  will  vary  the  figures  in  those  abstraote 
from  those  given  in  the  Superintendent's  report. 


APPENDIX. 


AISTl^UAL  KEPOET   OF  THE  STATE   BOAED  OF 

EDUCATIOIT. 


'The  State  Board  of  Education,  though  not  thus  commanded 
by  law,  deem  it  due  to  the  Institutions  under  their  care  and  to 
the  people  of  the  State  at  large,  to  make  an  annual  report  of 
their  doings,  and  of  the  condition  and  progress  of  the  Schools 
committed  to  their  trust.  The  meetings  of  the  Board  during 
the  year  1860  were  seven  in  number,  and  were  held  as  follows, 
viz  :  At  Lansing,  February  1st ;  at  Ypsilanti,  April  10th  ;  at 
Lansing,  July  3d  ;  at  Ypsilanti,  July  18th  ;  at  Detroit,  October 
4th  ;  at  Lansing,  October  30th  ;   and  at  Detroit,  December  4th. 

I'HE    NORMAL    SCHOOL. 

The  work  of  the  Normal  School  has  gone  on  steadily  and  suc- 
oessfully.  The  number  of  students  in  attendance  during  the 
several  terms  of  the  year  ending  the  first  day  of  October,  1860, 
as  shown  by  the  report  of  the  Principal,  was  as  follows  :  in  the 
Normal  Department,  winter  term,  293  ;  summer  term,  2t0  ;  in 
the  Experimental  Department,  winter  term,  50  ;  summer  term, 
48.  The  number  now  in  attendance  is,  in  the  Normal  Depart- 
ment, 292  ;  in  Experimental  Department,  50  ;  total,  342.  The 
number  graduated  during  the  year  from  the  full  course  was  13. 
About  100  went  out  from  the  lower  classes  to  teach  in  the  Pri- 
mary Schools  of  the  State. 

The  Normal  Building,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  October, 
1859,  just  after  the  opening  of  the  year  embraced  in  this  report, 
has  been  entirely  refitted,  the  walls  having  been  found,  on  a 
careful  inspection,  still  sound  and  stable.  On  the  10th  day  of 
April  last,  less  than  six  months  after  the  fire,  the  house  was 


38  Doc. 

reopened  with  appropriate  dedicatory  exercises,  and   is   now 
again  occupied  by  the  School. 

In  reconstructing  the  building,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
make  some  changes  from  the  former  plan,  by  which  both  its 
durability  and  convenience  were  increased.  In  place  of  the 
flat  roof,  which  was  found  to  require  frequent  and  expensive 
repairs,  a  good  shingle  and  trussed  roof,  surmounted  with  a 
tasteful  cupola,  was  constructed,  adding  very  much  both  to  the 
strength  and  beauty  of  the  building 

By  remodeling  the  interior,  a  larger  number,  and  more  con- 
venient distribution,  of  rooms  were  made.  Several  large  and 
much  needed  recitation  or  class  rooms  were  secured,  and  a  spa- 
cious museum  room,  for  collections  in  Natural  History,  and 
models  of  illustrative  School  apparatus. 

The  cost  of  rebuilding,  with  the  exception  of  the  alterations 
and  additions,  was  covered  by  the  amount  received  from  the 
Insurance  Co.  The  furniture  and  ventillating  apparatus  were 
not  included  in  the  insurance,  and  had,  of  course,  to  be  replaced 
from  the  funds  of  the  Institution,  The  heating  furnaces,  which 
were  also  without  insurance,  were  so  much  injured  by  the  fire 
as  to  require  resetting,  and  as  the  experiment  of  their  use  has 
proved  far  from  satisfactory,  the  Board  cannot  recommend  their 
restoration.  The  expense  of  restoring  them,  would  cover  more 
than  half  the  cost  of  a  more  efficient  and  economical  warming- 
apparatus.  The  building  is  at  present  warmed  with  stoves 
rented  for  the  purpose.  An  appropriation  of  $3,500  will  be 
needed  for  warming  apparatus. 

The  library,  which  contained  about  1,500  volumes,  was  totally 
destroyed  by  the  fire  and  was  not  insured.  The  interests  of  the 
School  strongly  demand  that  this  shall  be  replaced.  An  appro- 
priation of  $2,000  is  asked  jor  this  purpose. 

The  subject  of  physical  education,  happily  for  the  Schools  and 
school  children  of  our  country,  is  at  length  receiving  the  earnest 
attention  of  the  prominent  educators  of  many  of  the  States. 
Many  of  the  oldest  institutions  of  learning  haverecently  erect- 
ed buildings  for  physical  training,  and  in  the  better  managed  of 


No.  1 .  S^ 

our  Public  Schools,  regular  and  systematic  exercises  for  the 
developement  of  the  bodily  strength  and  the  preservation  of  the 
health  of  the  pupils,  have  been  incorporated  into  the  daily  rou- 
tine of  the  Schools.     It  is  difficult  to  overestimate  the  impor- 
tance of  this  movement.     Thousands  of  valuable  lives  have 
been  sacrificed,   and  scarcely   any  one  has  passed  uninjured 
through  the  terrible  ordeal  of  close   and  crowded  rooms,  long 
sittings,  excessive  mental  effort  and  deficient  exercise.     Most 
of  the  graduates  of  our  High  Schools  and  Colleges  carry  with 
them  as  mementoes  of  their  School  days,  disordered  stomachs, 
curved  spines,  enfeebled  bodies  or  some  nervous  weakness,  to 
embitter  their  lives  and  to  rob  education  itself  of  much  of  its 
value.     Nor  can  study  be  prosecuted  with  due  success  while  the 
health  and  vigor  of  the  body  are  so  little  cared  for.     Hour  after 
hour  is  daily  wasted  in  our  Schoals,  in  listless  and  futile  efforts 
at  study,  when,  through  mere  weariness  of  the  body,  the  sympa- 
thizing mind  has  lost  its  power  of  steady  application.     A  skill- 
ful gymnastic  drill  of  a  few  minutes  would  awaken  the  energies, 
quicken  the  sluggish  circulation,  and  lend  a  new  life  and  inter- 
est to  the  whole  mental  action.     We  owe  it  to  our  children,  te* 
the  cause  of  popular  education,  and  the  humane  spirit  of  Qur  - 
Christian  civilization  to  remedy  this  too  long  neglected  defect 
in  our  educational  institutions.     But  to  introduce  any  systematic 
and  proper  physical  exercise  into  the  Schools,  we  must  have 
our  teachers  trained  to  their  knowledge  and  use.     The  Bosxd.of 
Education,  in  view  of  these  considerations,  have  felt  the  impor- 
tance of  erecting  upon  the  Normal  School  grounds  a  gymnasium 
with  the  necessary  apparatus  for  giving  to  the  pupils  a  thorough 
knowledge   of   gymnastics    and   calisthenics.     More  than   one 
hundred  teachers  go  forth  annually  from  this  institution  to  the 
care  of  our  Public  Schools.     Could  they  be  thoroughly  trained 
in  the  art  of  physical  education,  how  speedily  might  a  knowl- 
edge of  this  art  be  diffused  among  all  the  teachers  of  the  State. 
But  for  the  disastrous  fire  which  destroyed  the  Normal  School 
building  and  rendered  necessary  such  heavy  expenditures  for 
furniture  and  repairs,  the  Board  would  have  had  a  surplus  am- 


40  Doc. 

ply  sufficient  for  the  erection  of  a  building  such  as  will  be 
required.  They  would  respectfully  ask  that  an  appropriation  of 
$1,000  be  made  for  a  gymnasium,  competent  estimates  showing 
that  it  can  be  erected  and  furnished  for  that  sum. 

From  the  Treasurer's  report,  hereto  appended,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  receipts  for  the  past  School  year,  ending  October  1st, 
1860,  were  as  follows  : 

Cash  on  hand  October  1st,  1859, $  1,645  60 

Received  for  tuition, 1,022  00 

"        from  Normal  School  fund  and  appropriat'n,    14,000  00 

"         proceeds  of  concerts  for  piano, 199  00 

"         from  Hartford  Insurance  Co., 8,000  00 

Total  receipts, ,.  $24,866  60 

The  expenditures  for  the  same  time  were  as  follows  : 

For  salaries  and  ordinary  expenses, $  '1,321  30 

For  alterations  in  building,  refurnishing  and  other 

expenses  incurred  on  account  of  fire, 5,161  54 

Paid  insurance  money  for  restoring  building, 8,000  00 

Balance  on  hand  Oct.  1,  1860, 383  16 

Total, $24,866  60 

As  the  Board  were  obliged  to  chronicle  at  the  opening  of  the 
year  the  loss  of  the  School  building  by  fire,  so,  with  a  deeper 
sadness,  they  were  compelled  to  record,  near  its  close,  the  loss 
of  one  of  the  most  excellent  and  faithful  of  the  instructors. 
George  E.  Dudley,  the  Professor  of  Mathematics,  died  in  Detroit, 
September  7th,  after  an  illness  of  three  weeks.  Of  eminent 
ability  and  christian  integrity,  he  was  a  scholar  of  ripe  and  ac- 
curate learning,  and  a  teacher  ol  rare  tact  and  fidelity.  Hi« 
genial  and  kindly  spirit,  united  as  it  was  with  the  strictest 
purity  of  mind  and  manners,  had  won  for  him  the  affection  of 
both  friends  and  pupils,  while  his  steady  and  reliable  devotion 
to  duty  commended  him  to  the  strong  regard  and  confidence  of 
his  colleagues  and  the  Board  of  Education.     The  Board  have 


No.  1.  41 

felt  it  due  to  his  eminent  worth  and  services  to  make  this  ex- 
pression of  their  esteem  for  a  true  teacher,  and  of  their  sympathy 
with  his  bereaved  friends. 

Prof.  E.  L.  Ripley,  late  Principal  of  the  Union  School  at  Jack- 
son, has  been  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Prof  Dudley. 

AURICULTURAL    COLLEGE. 

The  Agricultural  College  was  established  to  furnish  "  instruc- 
tion in  Agriculture  and  the  natural  sciences  connected  there- 
with," and  to  contribute  to  the  improvement  of  the  science  and 
practice  of  Agriculture.  The  important  art  of  land  culture, 
slowly  developed  by  centuries  of  toilsome  and  blind  experiment, 
is  now  seen  to  rest  upon  certain  great  facts  and  forces  in  na- 
ture, which  govern  its  processes  and  determine  its  products. 
It  has  been  found  that  the  natural  sciences  which  investigate 
the  properties  of  matter,  and  the  chemical  and  vital  laws  which 
govern  it,  afford  the  rational  explanation  of  all  the  operations 
and  phenomena  of  successful  cultivation  of  the  soil.  It  has, 
therefore  been  reasonably  concluded  that  agriculture  might  be 
learned  as  a  science,  and  that  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  na- 
tural sciences  connected  therewith  would  prove  of  great  value 
to  the  agriculturist ;  and  certainly  no  other  human  employment 
is  more  intimately  dependent  upon  science,  or  presents  a  wider 
field  of  study  and  thought,  than  this.  A  School  of  Agriculture, 
therefore,  was  the  most  natural  suggestion  of  modern  improved 
farming — a  School  v/here  the  young  farmer  might  study  those 
mysterious  laws  and  agencies  by  which  he  is  able  to  transmute 
his  scattered  seed  into  the  hundred-fold  harvest,  and  change 
the  crude  and  unpalatable  native  of  the  forest  into  the  delicious 
peach,  or  the  abundant  and  various  apple.  It  was  not,  perhaps, 
suflBciently  inquired  whether  the  farmers  of  the  State  were  de- 
manding such  a  professional  education  for  their  sons,  or  whether 
its  importance  had  come  to  be  so  generally  appreciated  as  to 
insure  the  School  a  supply  of  students.     There  must  be  not  only 

a  need,  but  a  strong  and  intelligent  feeling  of  that  need,  before 
■^6 


42  Doc. 

men  will  make  great  sacrifices  to  gratify  it.  This  obstacle  to 
the  usefulness  of  the  institution  may,  doubtless,  be  expected 
gradually  to  disappear.  Offered  opportunities  will  awaken 
desire  for  professional  training.  Let  but  a  few  intelligent  and 
skillful  agriculturists  go  forth  from  its  walls  to  take  positions 
of  high  rank  among  the  farmers  of  our  State,  and  prove  by  their 
eminent  success,  the  value  of  scientific  agriculture,  and  many 
will  come  to  seek  the  same  advantages,  and  reap  the  same 
benefits. 

The  second  great  object  of  the  School,  the  improvement  of 
agriculture,  was  also  a  natural  and  reasonable  deduction  from 
the  discovered  scientific  character  of  this  art.  It  was  certainly 
reasonable  to  expect  that  experiments  conducted  by  scientific 
men,  and  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances  for  an  exami- 
nation of  processes  and  results,  would  contribute  largely  to  the 
store  of  ascertained  facts  and  established  principles  of  correct 
tillage.  Agriculture  needs  such  aid,  and  who  shall  estimate 
the  countless  wealth  which  even  a  few  improvements  in  our 
modes  of  cultivation  would  add  to  the  country  ?  The  improve- 
ment which  should  increase  the  product  of  our  wheat  fields  a 
single  bushel  for  each  acre,  would  add  to  the  product  of  the 
farms  half  a  million  of  bushels  annually.  A  discovered  and 
available  remedy  for  the  midge,  or  the  weavil,^would  save  an- 
nually to  the  State  far  more  than  this  College  has  cost  from  the 
outset.  And  why  should  not  such  improvements  be  made,  and 
such  remedies  discovered  ?  There  lie  hidden  in  the  fields  of 
science  richer  and  grander  discoveries  than  these.  Agriculture 
is  yet  in  its  infancy  as  a  science.  Its  great  triumphs  lie  all  in 
the  future.  What  so  reasonable  as  to  expect  a  School  of  Agri- 
cultural science,  with  an  experimental  farm  attached,  should 
prove  a  very  seed  plot  of  agricultural  discoveries  and  improve- 
ments ? 

The  difficulty  of  finding  masters  of  agricultural  science  and 
art,  men  of  profound  learning  and  yet  of  eminent  practical  skill, 
to  conduct  such  an  institution,  was  perhaps  not  fully  apprecia- 
ted, but  this  obstacle,  like  that  lack  of  candidates  for  agricul- 


No.  1.  43-. 

tural  learning,  which  impedes  the  usefulness  of  the  School  as  a 
School,  will  soon,  doubtless,  work  out  its  own  remedy.  Schol- 
arly minds,  turning  earnestly  to  the  wide  fields  of  agricultural 
science,  and  busy  in  watching  the  working  of  the  model  farm^. 
will  soon  come  to  be  fit  leaders  in  the  enterprize. 

It  is  not  surprising,  however,  while  these  two  difficulties  shall 
last, — the  lack  of  a  supply  of  proper  agricultural  students  and 
the  lack  of  practical  skill  and  hence  of  deep  engagedness  in  the 
real  agricultural  work  of  the  College  among  the  instructors, — 
that  there  should  be  developed  a  tendency  to  drift  away  from 
the  great  objects  of  the  institution  as  defined  in  the  constitution 
and  the  law.  The  desire  for  a  fair  show  of  numbers  would  lead 
to  a  less  rigid  demand  for  the  necessary  preparatory  scholarship,, 
and  to  the  addition  of  studies  which  might  be  thought  more 
attractive  than  those  of  the  professional  course. 

Against  this  tendency  to  make  the  institution  either  more  or 
less  than  a  genuine  School  of  Agriculture,  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion have  felt  called  upon  to  watch  with  assiduous  care,  and 
they  congratulate  themselves  in  the  belief  that  the  present 
organization  of  the  College  is  in  strict  conformity  with  the 
requirements  of  the  Statute  and  with  the  desigh  of  its  founders. 
They  are  also  happy  to  announce  that  the  faculty  have,  in  gen- 
eral, very  fully  concurred  in  the  plan  of  organization  adopted  in 
November,  1859,  looking  to  a  more  thoroughly  professional  char- 
acter for  the  School. 

The  year  closing  the  30th  day  of  Nov.  1860,  was  in  several 
respects  the  most  prosperous  in  the  history  of  the  institution^ 
The  whole  number  of  students  has  been  somewhat  less  than  in 
previous  years,  but  the  number  of  proper  agricultural  students 
has  been  greater.  The  change  in  the  organization,  while  it 
increased  the  professional  value  of  the  School,  rendered  it  less 
desirable  for  students  who  were  seeking  a  mere  general  educa- 
tion, and  who  attended  for  the  High  School  or  academic  advan- 
tages afforded,  without  any  especial  regard  for  the  agricultural 
studies.  The  students  in  attendance  the  past  year  have  num- 
bred  fifty,  mostly  in  the  preparatory  year.     Their  attention  to- 


44  Doc. 

study  has  been  earnest  and  successful,  and  they  have  exhibited 
a  very  commendable  zeal  in  the  practical  operations  of  the  gar- 
den and  farm. 

THE    FACULTY. 

Under  the  new  org-anization  of  the  college,  adopted  in  Nov. 
1859,  the  Board  appointed  the  following  instructors  and  officers  : 

President  and  Professor  of  the  Theory  and 

Practice  of  Ao-riculture. 

o 

Lewis  E,.  Fisk,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Agricultural  Chemistry. 

T.  C.  Abbot,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Civil  and  Rural  Engineering, 
and  Treasurer, 

George  Thurber,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Botany  and  Vegetable 
Physiologj''. 

Manly  Miles,  M.  D.  Professor  of  Zoology  and  Animal  Physi- 
ology. 

James  Bayley,  Superintendent  of  Farm. 

J.  C.  Holmes,  Superinte:ident  of  Horticulture,  and  Secretary. 

Besides  these,  R.  H.  Tripp  was  employed  a  part  of  the  year 
as  tutor  in  the  preparatory  department. 

Partly  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  getting  money  on  the 
appropriation  made  for  the  College,  and  partly  on  account  of 
the  difficulty  of  finding  a  competent  person  to  fill  the  position,  the 
Professorship  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Agriculture  has  been 
permitted  to  remain  vacant  during  the  year.  The  Board  still 
regard  it  as  essential  to  the  success  of  the  institution  that  this 
vacancy  shall  be  filled  as  early  as  practicable.  A  competent 
head  for  the  College,  a  man  who  shall  fully  grasp  its  great  idea, 
and  devotedly  labor  to  realize  it,  is  absolutely  essential  to  its 
final  triumph. 

course  of  instruction. 

The  course  of  professional  instruction  embraces  two  years. 
There  is  also  prescribed  a  preparatory  course  of  one  year,  de- 
signed to  meet  the  wants  of  students  from  rural  districts,  who 
may  not  find  it  convenient  to  pursue  elsewhere  the  necessary 
preparatory   studies,  or  may  desire   a  longer  residence  at  the 


No.  7.  4& 

College.  The  preparatory  course  has  immediate  reference  to 
the  professional  or  agricultural  studies.  No  student  is  admit- 
ted to  this  course  unless  he  is  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  can  pass 
a  thorough  examination  in  Reading,  Spelling,  Arithmetic,  Geog- 
raphy, and  Grammar.  The  studies  of  the  Preparatory  year  are 
Algebra,  Rhetoric,  Natural  Philosophy,  Geometry,  Physical 
Geography,  Elementary  Chemistry  and  Book  Keeping.  These 
studies  can  ordinarily  be  found  in  the  Union  Schools. 

The  Agricultural  Course,  of  two  years,  embraces  the  follow- 
ing Departments  and  topics  of  instruction.  Candidates  for  this 
course  must  be  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  must  pass  a  satisfac- 
tory examination  in  the  studies  of  the  Preparatory  year,  and  in 
the  common  English  branches. 

I. THE  DEPARTMENT    OF   THEORY   AND    PRACTICE    OF  AGRICULTURE 

Is  not  yet  filled,  and  the  course  of  instruction  is  not  definitely 
arranged.  It  is  designed  to  embrace  the  theory  of  the  general 
conduct  of  a  farming  estate,  in  its  scientific,  practical,  and  eco- 
nomical aspects.  It  will  include  the  general  laws  of  tilth,  the 
choice,  rotation,  management,  and  harvesting  of  crops,  feeding, 
rearing,  fattening  and  working  of  stock,  with  whatever  per- 
tains to  the  laws  and  operations  of  general  or  special  husband- 
ry ;  the  relations  of  Agriculture  to  markets  and  commerce,  and 
the  principal  laws  of  Political  Economy. 

II. ^DEPARTMENT    OF   AGRICULTURAL   CHEMISTRY. 

1st  Year. — Analytical  Chemistry,  embracing  general  analysis; 
analysis  of  soils,  manures,  and  plants,  and  the  preparation  of 
artificial  manures. 

2d  Year. — Agricultural  Chemistry,  including  formation  and 
composition  of  soils  ;  composition  of  the  air  and  its  relations 
to  vegetable  growth  ;  connection  of  heat,  light  and  electricity 
with  the  growth  of  plants  ;  nature  and  sources  of  the  food  of 
plants  ;  chemical  changes  attending  vegeta'ble  growth  ;  ex- 
haustion of  soils,  &c. 


46  Doc. 

in. DEPARTMENT  OF  CIVIL  AND  RURAL  ENGINEERING. 

1st  Year. — Plain  surveying  and  drawing  ;  land  surveying 
with  chains  only  ;  land  survejang  with  compass  ;  geometrical 
"drawing,  maps,  plans,  &c.;  leveling  for  drains,  roads,  &c.;  to- 
pographical surveying  and  drawing  ;  mensuration  of  surfaces 
and  solids,  casks,  bins,  mows,  stacks,  excavations,  embank- 
ments, &c. 

M  Year. — Mechanics,  embracing  composition  and  resolution 
of  forces,  effects  of  gravity,  mechanical  powers,  farm  imple- 
ments, strength  of  materials,  roads,  bridges,  walls  ;  general 
principles  of  Hydrodynamics,  drainage;  Machine  drawing ;  Per- 
spective and  Landscape  drawing. 

IV. DEPARTMENT    OF    BOTANY   AND   VEGETABLE    PHYSIOLOGY. 

1st  Year. — Structural  Botany  ;  the  parts  of  the  plant  and 
their  modifications  and  offices. 

Vegetable  Physiology  ;  the  laws  of  vegetable  life  and  growth, 
germination,  causes  which  promote  or  retard  growth,  flowering 
and  fertilization,  formation  of  fruit  and  seed,  ripening  and 
decay. 

Systematic  Botany ;  The  grouping  of  plants  in  genera  and 
families  according  to  similarity  in  structure,  illustrated  by 
native  and  cultivated  plants. 

2(^  Year. — Applied  and  Economical  Botany  ;  principles  invol- 
ved in  the  operations  of  Agriculture  and  Horticulture,  theory  of 
the  various  modes  of  propagation  and  cultivation,  influence  of 
-culture,  production  of  new  varieties  ;  especial  study  of  grasses, 
forage  plants  and  cereals,  forest  trees  and  plants  of  economical 
value.  Plants  injurious  to  agriculturists  ;  weeds,  their  habits 
and  methods  of  exterminating  ;  rust,  smut  and  similar  diseases. 
Geographical  Botany,  or  distribution  of  plants,  distribution  by 
natural  agencies  and  by  the  aid  of  man,  effect  of  climate  on 
^vegetation,  influence  of  forests  on  climate,  &c. 


No.  T.  .  4t 

V. DEPARTMENT    OF   ZOOLOGY    AND    ANIMAL   PHYSIOLOGY, 

1st  Year. — Principles  of  classification  of  animals  ;  systematic 
Zoology,  including  zoological  anatomy. 

2d  Year. — Comparative  Anatomy,  and  Physiology  of  the  or- 
gans of  digestion,  circulation,  respiration,  &c.;  breeding,  rear- 
ing and  management  of  domestic  animals  ;  mammals  and  in- 
sects injurious  to  vegetation  ;  veterinary  surgery  and  veterinary 
medicines. 

DEPARTMENT    OF    HORTICULTURE. 

The  instruction  in  this  department  is  given  by  field  lectures 
and  practice  in  the  garden  and  nurseries,  and  by  text  books. 

1st  Year. — Seed  sowing,  seed  saving  ;  propagation  of  plants 
by  eyes,  leaves,  cuttings,  layers,  budding  and  grafting  ;  prun- 
ing, training,  transplanting  ;  preservation  of  races  by  seeds, 
improvement  of  races  by  seeds. 

2d  Year. — Continuation  of  studies  of  first  year  ;  also  con- 
struction, warming,  ventilation  and  management  of  green- 
houses, graperies,  and  other  horticultural  structures  ;  pomolog- 
ical  nomenclature  ;  landscape  gardening. 

PRACTICAL    FARMING. 

The  department  of  Practical  Farming  is  under  the  immediate 
charge  of  the  Farm  Superintendent.  The  students  in  the  course 
of  their  daily  labors,  witness  and  take  part  in  all  the  various 
operations  of  the  farm.  They  thus  make  a  practical  appli- 
cation of  their  studies,  and  acquire  the  strength  and  skill  so 
necessary  for  the  successful  agriculturist. 

In  adopting  the  foregoing  courses  of  instruction  and  practice, 
tha  Board  believe  they  have  not  only  fulfilled  the  requirements 
of  the  law,  but  have  organized  a  true  school  of  Agriculture,  in 
which  the  young  farmers  of  the  State  may  acquire  an  intelli- 
gent mastery  of  their  noble  and  most  useful  art.  And  they 
would  confidently  invite  those  who  wish  to  gain,  with  reasona- 
ble despatch  and  in  their  ripest  scientific  forms,  the  knowledge 


48  Doc. 

and   art  of  a  true  land  culture,  to  visit  this  school  and  test  the 
benefits  of  its  teachings. 

While  the  Board  cannot  admit  that  mere  general  education  is 
one  of  the  legitimate  objects  of  the  Agricultural  College,  any 
more  than  it  is  of  the  Medical  College  or  Law  School,  they 
would,  nevertheless,  remark  that  the  course  of  studies  pre- 
scribed, will  not  be  found  wanting  in  disciplinary  or  educating 
power.  This  remark  is  needful  in  answer  to  some  who  have 
feared  that  the  mere  students  of  Agriculture  would  be  found 
wanting  in  general  education  and  intelligence,  and  that  the 
graduates  of  the  College  would  not  adequately  represent  its 
high  character,  or  successfully  diffuse  its  teachings,  and  who 
would  therefore  make  the  institution  to  some  extent  literary,  in 
order  to  make  it  more  educational.  But  it  should  be  remember- 
ed that  true  discipline  of  mind  depends  not  so  much  upon  the 
subject  matter  of  study,  as  upon  the  manner  in  which  that  study 
is  prosecuted.  The  wide  and  various  fields  of  natural  and 
mathematical  science  embraced  in  the  Agricultural  course,  offer 
no  narrow  ground  on  which  to  build  up  scholarly  habits  of 
thought  and  study,  and  the  thorough  mastery  of  this  course 
cannot  but  add  largely  to  the  mental  power  and  culture  of  the 
faithful  student.  But  still  this  discipline  is  the  fortunate  and 
valuable  incident  of  the  course  of  study,  not  one  of  its  organic 
objects.  The  great  purpose  of  the  School  is  to  teach  Agricul- 
ture— to  make  scientific  farmers,  not  merely  fine  scholars.  The 
Board  of  Education  appreciate  as  fully  as  any  persons  can,  the 
value  and  importance  even,  of  a  good,  and  liberal  education 
for  farmers.  A  full  College  course  of  classical  study,  and  all 
the  power  and  refinement  it  brings,  would  prove  as  valuable 
often,  on  the  farm  as  in  the  forum.  But  the  State  has  already 
provided  for  general  education  in  its  other  institutions  of  learn- 
ing, open  alike  to  farmers  and  all  other  classes,  and  they  can- 
not consent  to  divert  this  single  School  of  Agriculture  from  its 
high  and  legitimate  uses  to  make  it  a  mere  high  school  for  far- 
mers' sons,  in  order  to  afford  to  a  few  of  them,  at  such  vast  ex- 
pense, the  education  which  the  Union  Schools  and  Colleges  and 


No.  t. 


49 


University  offer  so  freely  to  all.  They  dare  not  endanger  its 
success  as  a  professional  school  by  seeking  to  make  it  remedy 
the  deficiency  of  general  and  preparatory  education  which  its 
pupils  can  so  easily  obtain  elsewhere.  To  answer  the  promise 
of  its  friends  and  founders,  and  to  re-pay  the  State  for  the  large 
outlay  it  has  already  cost,  as  well  as  for  the  continual  outlay 
to  come,  it  must  concentrate  its  labors  on  its  own  appropriate 
work,  and  push,  with  an  undivided  zeal,  its  efforts  to  discover 
truth  and  diffuse  its  light  among  the  great  farming  population 
of  our  State.  Whatever  may  be  done  by  the  private  and  vol- 
untary efforts  of  faithful  teachers,  in  extra  classes  or  otherwise, 
to  promote  the  literary  growth  and  spirit  of  their  pupils,  the 
Board  would  not  only  allow  but  commend.  But  the  mission  of 
the  School,  as  such,  is  higher  and  more  important  than  to  add 
another  to  the  ordinary  High  Schools  or  Colleges  of  the  State. 
Such  extra  classes  have  been  voluntarily  organized  and  instruct- 
ed by  some  of  the  Faculty  during  the  past  year,  and  will^ 
doubtless,  be  hereafter,  as  occasions  offer  and  as  other  duties 
permit. 


THE    FARM. 


The  working  of  the  College  farm  for  the  past  year  will  be 
best  exhibited  by  the  following  tabular  statement  of  the  crops 
raised,  and  the  cost  of  production,  compiled  from  the  Secreta- 
ry's books  : 


NAME  OF  CROP. 


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cS 

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15 
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15  75 

8  25 


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84  08 
62  73 

115  76 


556 

1787 

742 

351 

tons  63 


;556  00 

446  75 

185  50 

70  20 

325  00 


*Tlie  cost  of  Seed  Wheat  and  Sowing  is  unknown. 


50  Doc. 

The  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  Farm  from  Feb.  29th 
to  Nov.  1st,  1860,  were  as  follows.  Several  items,  such  as 
pasture,    work  of  teams,  increase  of  stock,  &c.,  do  not  appear: 

Receipts. 

From  crops  as  shown  above, $1,583  45 

For  milk  sold, 151  20 

For  stock  sold, 109  99 

Total, $1,844  64 

Eocpenditures. 

Cost  of  seed  and  work  on  crops, $681  88 

Care  of  stock, 92  44 

Shed  for  wagons  and  carts, 22  8t 

Building  board  fences,  repairing  tools,  &c., 41  11 

Farm  improvements,  .  .  . .  • 375  74 

Splitting  rails, 43  45 

Miscellaneous  work, 89  88 

Total, $1,347  37 

It  is  due  to  the  Farm  Superintendent  to  say  that  a  great 
amount  of  valuable  improvement,  in  proportion  to  the  laboring 
force  and  the  means  at  his  disposal,  has  been  accomplished 
during  the  year.  With  such  management,  and  with  some  addi- 
tions proposed  to  be  made  to  the  clearings,  the  farm  will  soon 
begin  to  yield  a  considerable  revenue. 

The  present  condition  of  the  Stock  Department  will  be  seen 
from  the  subjoined  tabular  statements. 


No.  1. 


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No.  7.  53 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  labors  of  this  important  and  interesting  department  of 
the  institution  have  been  prosecuted  during  the  past  year  under 
the  efficient  direction  of  J.  C.  Holmes,  the  Superintendent  of 
Horticulture,  aided  by  Prof.  Geo.  Thurber,  the  Botanist.  Much 
has  been  accomplished  in  starting  nurseries,  in  gathering  varie- 
ties of  useful  vegetables  and  in  laying  out  and  planting  the 
botanical  garden  and  ornamental  grounds. 

The  expenditures  for  this  department  have  been  as  follows  : 

For  seeds,  pear,  apple  and  quince  stocks,  &c., $  54  92 

Labor  of  students,  including  work  in  kitchen  garden, 
nursery,  orchard,  ornamental  and  botanical  grounds, 
laying  out  grounds,  making  roads  and  walks,  saving 
seeds  and  planting  ornamental  trees  and  shrubbery, .    546  10 

Total, $600  62 

The  receipts  were  as  follows  : 

For  articles  sold  from  garden, $  86  14 

Value  of  garden  vegetables  on  hand,  and  of  budded         ^ 

stocks,  plants  and  seeds, 422  60 

Total, $508  U 

There  are  now  belonging  to  the  Horticultural  Department  of 
the  estate,  an  apple  orchard  of  245  trees  planted  in  1858,  and  a 
small  peach  orchard  of  natural  fruit,  planted  in  1860.  The 
Horticulturist  also  reports  several  varieties  of  smaller  fruits 
from  which  he  is  now  propagating,  and  vines  of  the  Isabella, 
Catawba,  Concord,  Diana  and  Clinton  grapes  under  cultivation, 
from  which  he  is  also  propagating,  in  order  to  have  a  stock  of 
grapes  for  vineyard  culture  and  for  sale. 

There   have  been  budded  this   season  300  pear  on  quince 
stocks,  a  few  cherry  and  about  fourteen  hundred  apple  stocks. 

It  will  henceforth  be  practicable  to  raise  all  our  stocks  from 
seed,  and  thus  raise  all  our  own  fruit  trees. 

We  have  this  season  experimented  with  about  forty  varieties 
of  Potato,  the  most  of  tliem  new,  in  order  to  test  their  qualities 


54  Doc. 

as  to  health,  time  of  ripening,  productiveness,  table  qualities, 
&c.,  and  noted  the  results. 

There  have  also  been  under  cultivation,  several  varieties  of 
corn,  beans,  squashes,  and  other  garden  products,  with  a  view 
to  test  their  value  for  table  use. 

It  is  proposed  to  establish  at  the  College  a  kitchen  garden,, 
nursery  orchards,  and  ornamental  and  Botanical  grounds,  where 
will  be  grown  fruit  and  ornamental  trees,  plants,  and  other  veg- 
etables, of  the  best  kinds,  and  of  which  the  nomenclature  will 
be  correct,  so  that  persons  wishing  to  purchase  trees,  shrubs, 
seeds,  vines  or  scions,  can  be  furnished  from  the  College  grounds, 
with  such  as  they  may  desire,  and  students  may  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  study  and  practice  the  science  and  art  of  Horticulture 
in  all  its  branches. 

During  the  past  year  Doct.  Asa  Gray  donated  to  the  Horticul- 
tural department  of  the  College,  from  the  Botanical  Gardens  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  a  large  box  containing  shrubs  and  perennial 
herbaceous  plants. 

Isaac  Buchanan,  Esq.,  seedsman  and  florist,  of  West  1 7th 
street,  New  York,  also  donated  a  large  and  valuable  collection 
of  green-house  and  hardy  plants,  bulbs,  shrubs,  &c.,  also  a  col- 
lection  of  choice  flower  seeds. 

Messrs.  Thomas  Hogg  &  Sons,  of  Yorkville,  N.  Y.,  a  collec- 
tion of  shrubs  and  trees,  including  Magnolias,  Paulonia,  Weig- 
elias,  Salisburia,  &c. 

There  were  also  collected  from  the  forest  a  large  number  of 
evergreen  and  deciduous  trees,  shrubs  and  climbers,  all  of  which 
were  planted  upon  the  College  grounds  and  are  now  in  good 
condition.  The  tender  plants  have  been  taken  up  and  placed  in 
their  winter  quarters. 

FINANCIAL    STATEMENT. 

The  reported  indebtedness  of  the  College  on  the  1st  day  of 
January,  1859,  was  $13,472  73. 

The  receipts  from  January  1st,  to  November  30th,  1859,  were 
as  follows,  viz : 


No.  1.  65 

Balance  in  College  Treasury,  Jan.  1st,  1859, $      144  45 

Rec'd  from  State  Treasurer  on  appropriation, 17,616  45 

"     for  rent  of  houses   and  board  of  students,   as 

shown  by  annual  report  of  College  Treasurer,     4,182  56 

Total  receipts, $22,003  46 

The  expenditures  for  the  same  time,  including  pay- 
ment of  indebtedness,  were  as  follows  : 

Paid  by  College  Treasurer,  on  warrants, 

as  per  annual  report,  for   1859, $14,230  08 

Paid  by  certificates  on  Auditor  General,.     t,6t6  45 

Total  expenditures, $21,906  53 

Bal.  in  the  hands  of  College  Treasurer,  Dec.  1st,  1859,       $96  93 

Received  from  Dec.  1st,  1859,  to  Nov.  30th,  1860,  as 

follows,  viz  : 

Balance  as  above, $       96  93 

Rec'd  warrants  on  State  Treasurer,  on  appropriation, .    13,219  43 

"     from  other  sources   as  shown  by  Treasurer's 

report, 669  40 

Total  receipts, .$13,888  83 

The  expenditures  for  year  ending  Nov.  30,  1860,  were 
as  follows,  viz  : 

Paid  by  College  Treasurer  on  warrants,  as  shown  in 

annual  report  for  1860, $13,135  72 

Paid  by  certificate  on  Auditor  General, 219  43 

Paid  by  Treasurer  on  part  paid  warrants,  and  not  in- 
cluded in  his  report, 259  25 

Paid  by  Treasurer  for  postage, 1 1  04 

Total  expenditures  for  1860, $13,625  44 

Balance  in  hands  of  College  Treasurer,  Dec.  1,  1860,      $263  39 
There  was  appropriated  to   the   College  by   a  vote   of  both 


56  Doc. 

branches  of  the  Legislature  in  1859,  to  pay  indebtedness  and 
meet  the  wants  of  the  College  for  the  years  1859  and  1860,  the 
sum  of  $41,500.  By  an  error  in  the  engrossment,  this  sum  was 
reduced  to  $3^,500. 

The  present  indebtedness  of  the  College  is  as  follows  : 

Outstanding  and  part-paid  Warrants, $1,345  37 

Audited  and  unpaid  accounts, 241  81 

Due  Members  of  the  Board  of  Education, 301  44 

Balance  of  salaries  due  Jan.  1st,  1861,    921  73 

Total, $2,810  41 

To  meet  these  debts  there  is  an  unexpended  balance  of  the 

appropriation,  amounting  to $6,604  12 

Balance  in  hands  of  Treasurer, $263  39 

Total, $6,867  51 

There  will  remain,  therefore,  after  paying  all  the  debts  of  the 
College,  a  balance  of $4,067  20 

From  this  there  is  to  be  deducted  about  $700  00,  which  will 
be  due  the  15th  day  of  January,  for  the  work  not  yet  finished, 
of  re-plastering  the  Boarding  Hall. 

The  Board  are  much  gratified  in  being  able  to  present  the 
Agricultural  College  thus  virtually  free  from  debt. 

The  unexpended  balance  of  the  appropriation  will  be  needed 
as  soon  as  it  can  be  received  from  the  State  Treasury,  for  pay- 
ment of  demands  before  enumerated  as  now  due,  for  a  library 
of  books  treating  on  agricultural  sciences,  and  for  general 
reading  ;  for  needed  improvements  of  buildings  and  of  the 
farm,  and  for  drainage  and  other  purposes  already  authorized 
by  the  vote  of  the  Board. 

Appropriations  for  the  years  1861  and  1862,  are  asked  for  the 
following  objects  : 

Salaries  for  two  years, $15,000  00 

Horticultural  buildings,  tools,  team,  &c., . 1,000  00 


No.  1.  57 

Farming  tools,  clearing  land,  improving  farm,  fencing, 

&c., $2,800  00 

Purchase  of  stock,  and  teams, 2,000  00 

Barn  for  farm, 2,000  00 

Museums,  laboratory,  botanical  grounds,  &c., 400  00 

Bridge  across  the  Cedar  river, 1,000  00 

Expenses   of  Board  of  Education,  or  other  Trustees, 

for  two  years,  and  incidentals," 800  00 

Total, .$25,000  00 

The  Board  have  steadily  looked  forward  to  making  the  Agri- 
cultural College  finally,  to  a  considerable  extent,  a  self-sustain- 
ing institution.  They  have  believed  that  the  people  of  the  State 
would  ultimately  demand  this.  But  to  accomplish  so  desirable 
a  result,  it  will  be  necessary  to  add  very  considerably  to  the 
cultivated  land  on  the  farm.  At  least  one  hundred  acres  should 
be  cleared  within  the  next  two  years,  and  experience  has  amply 
demonstrated  that  it  is  poor  ecrjiiomy  to  do  this  by  the  labor  of 
students.  An  appropriation  to  this  object  will  be  more  than  re- 
paid by  the  crops  yielded  the  first  year.  The  farm  will  soon  pay 
for  all  expenditures  made  on  its  account.  When  its  full  extent 
of  tillable  land  is  brought  under  cultivation,  it  will  afford  a 
large  income  to  sustain  other  departments  of  the  Institution. 

By  a  law  passed  in  1858  the  swamp  lands  situated  in  the  four 
townships  of  Lansing,  Meridian,  Dewitt,  and  Bath,  were  reserv- 
ed for  the  use  of  the  College  and  for  purposes  of  drainage  and 
reclamation.  Considerable  quantities  of  hay  have  been  obtain- 
ed for  the  College  from  the  land,  and  the  Board  the  past  year 
authorized  the  expenditure  of  $100  in  drainage.  Owing  to  the 
wetness  of  the  season,  the  work  was  not  done,  but  it  is  expect- 
ed that  it  will  be  accomplished  the  next  summer.  When  drain- 
ed, these  lands  will  make  valuable  meadows,  and  will  enable 
the  College  to  increase  largely  its  amount  of  stock,  which  will 
then  become  an  important  source  of  revenue.  Should  the  Leg- 
islature see  fit  to  vest  the  full  title  to  these  swamp  lands  in  the 

8 


58  Doc. 

College,  and  allow  such  as  are  not  needed  for  meadows,  to  be 
sold,  and  the  proceeds  vested  as  a  perpetual  fund,  they  would 
yield  a  very  considerable  beginning  of  an  endowment,  which,, 
increased  from  other  sources,  as  occasion  might  offer,  would  at 
no  distant  day,  relieve  the  State  from  all  burdens  of  taxation 
for  this  object.  In  addition  to  the  farm,  the  garden  and  nurse- 
ries, will,  it  is  hoped,  soon  become  sources  of  revenue  to  the 
funds  of  the  Institution,  while  they  serve  also  their  appointed 
uses  in  the  improvement  and  teaching  of  horticultural  science. 

THE    FUTURE    MANAGEMENT. 

In  their  last  annual  report,  the  Board  recommended  that  the 
care  of  the  College  be  transferred  to  a  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, believing  that  such  a  Board  might  win  for  the  Institution 
a  fuller  sympathy  and  support  of  the  farming  population,  and 
also  be  able  to  devote  a  more  special  attention  to  its  interests. 
This  recommendation  they  would  now  renew,  and  commend  it 
to  the  wise  and  deliberate  consideration  of  the  Legislature. 
The  enterprise  is  as  important  and  promising  as  ever  to  the 
great  agricultural  interests  of  the  State.  The  fruits  that  have 
been  growing  slowly  through  these  years  of  trial,  are  already 
ripening,  and  begin  to  give  promise  of  the  near  approaching 
harvest.  To  whomever  its  future  control  be  entrusted,  it  must,. 
if  successful,  be  kept  true  to  the  great  arguments  and  aims 
which  induced  to  its  organization.  It  must  be  in  fact,  as  well 
as  in  name,  a  School  of  Agriculture,  an  Institution  devoted 
earnestly  and  exclusively  "to  the  improvement  and  teaching  of 
the  science  of  Agriculture."  Or,  if  in  coming  years,  it  shall 
be  found  practicable  to  extend  its  sphere,  it  should  seek  simply 
to  embrace  other  of  the  useful  arts  in  the  order  of  their  use 
and  importance.  A  department  of  house  architecture  might  be 
added  with  great  advantage  to  the  people  of  a  State  in  which 
so  many  millions  are  expended  for  residences,  school-houses, 
&c.  So,  too,  a  deparrtment  of  mechanic  arts,  with  especial  ref- 
erence to  the  construction  and  use  of  machinery,  and  particu- 
larly of  that  almost  universal  but  complicated  motive  power, 
the  steam  engine,  would  be  valuable  to  the  public  interests. 


.(««**'■* 


,«*»-«*" 


No.  7.  69 

In  teaching  Agriculture,  the  Board  would  also  suggest  wheth- 
er there  might  not  be  established  a  lecture  term,  to  be  held  in 
the  winter,  in  which  courses  of  lectures  should  be  given  by  the 
several  Professors,  on  the  topics  of  their  departments.  Large 
numbers  of  farmers  would  find  leisure  in  the  winter  to  attend  a 
course  of  lectures  on  farming.  And  while  the  College  was 
thus  extending  its  usefulness,  it  would  be  attracting  many  stu- 
dents who  might  conclude  to  pursue  its  full  course  of  studies. 

SCHOOL   LIBEARIES. 

The  Legislature,  in  1859,  made  it  the  duty  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education  to  select  a  list  of  books  suitable  for  district  or 
township  libraries,  and  to  contract  with  some  responsible  per- 
sons to  furnish  the  same,  when  ordered  by  the  district  or  town- 
ship school  officers,  at  stipulated  prices.  This  duty  the  Board 
have  performed,  and  considerable  purchases  have  been  made 
by  many  of  the  districts,  under  the  contract.  The  plan  seems 
well  adapted  to  the  maintenance  of  the  libraries.  Some  suffi- 
cient and  regular  appropriation  should,  however,  be  made  to 
each  district  for  the  support  of  the  library,  and  the  Board  would 
suggest  the  inquiry  whether  the  good  of  the  districts  does  not 
require  that  their  officers  shall  be  bound  by  law  to  select  the 
books  for  the  district  from  the  list  provided.  Such  a  law  would 
abridge  only  the  authority  of  the  district  officers,  not  the  privi- 
leges or  rights  of  the  people.  It  would  act  as  a  safe-guard  to 
the  libraries  against  the  bad  or  inferior  books  which  might  oth- 
erwise be  purchased  by  careless  or  incompetent  district  officers. 

J.  R.  KELLOGG, 
GEO.  WILLARD, 
W.  J.  BAXTER, 

Members  of  State  Board  of  Education. 
John  M.  Gregory, 

Ex-officio,  Member  and  Secretary  of  Board. 


EEPOKT    OF    THE    PKHSTCIPAL    OF    THE   STATE 
NORMAL  SCHOOL. 


Michigan  State  Board  of  Education : 

Gentlemen — I  am  happy  to  report  that  the  State  Normal 
School  still  continues  to  prosper,  and  that  all  the  measures 
which  you  have  taken  for  its  welfare,  have  proved  to  be  wise 
and  salutary. 

Our  session  rooms,  though  better  furnished  with  seats  than 
formerly,  are  filled  to  their  utmost  capacity,  our  students,  al- 
most without  exception,  are  studious  and  earnest,  and  all  the 
various  departments  of  study  in  charge  of  different  members 
of  the  Board  of  Instruction,  are  making  sure  and  steady  pro- 
gress. 

The  new  building,  which  was  opened  at  the  beginning  of  the 
last  term,  is  a  model  of  convenience.  The  changes  which  were 
mode  in  the  old  plan  of  recitation  and  session  rooms,  leave  little 
t@  be  desired  in  this  respect,  and  nothing  is  wanting  to  make 
us  completely  comfortable,  except  a  more  efficient  means  of 
heating  than  we  now  have. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  numbers  in  attendance  du- 
ring the  first  term  of  the  present  year,  and  the  last  term  of  the 
past  year : 

NORMAL  DEPAETMENT. 

,  Term  14.  Team  15. 

Class  B, 101  10 

"      C, 127  126 

"      D, 36  49 

"      E, 11  25 

"      F,. 13 

Totals, 294  270 


^2  Doc. 

EXPERniENTAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Term    14, .50  Pupils. 

Term    15, 48         " 

Present  number  in  Normal  Department, 292 

"  "  Experimental  Department, 50 


Total  of  present  term, 342 

The  course  of  study  pursued  in  the  Normal  School,  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

Glass  B. — Arithmetic,  (Mental  and  Written ;)  Geography, 
(Local  and  Descriptive  ;)  Grammar,  (Synthetical ;)  Spelling, 
Reading,  Penmanship,  and  Drawing. 

Glass  G. — Advanced  Arithmetic  ;  Grammar,  (Analytical ;) 
Physical  Geography  ;  Elocution  ;  Vocal  Music. 

Glass  D. — Algebra  ;  Natural  Philosophy  ;  Botany  ;  Elocu- 
tion. 

Glass  E. — Geometry  ;  Geology  ;  Rhetoric. 

Senior  Glass. — Intellectual  Philosophy;  Trigonometry;  Chem- 
istry. 

Greek,  Latin,  French  and  German,  at  the  option  of  the  sttir 
dent. 

The  professional  instruction  given  in  the  Normal  School  em- 
braces substantially  the  following  topics: 

Glass  B. — Methods  of  teaching  Spelling,  Reading  and  Pen- 
manship, 

Glass  G. — Methods  of  teaching  Arithmetic,  Geography  and 
Grammar;  Lectures  on  Schoolroom  Duties. 

Glass  D. — Methods  in  Teaching;  Lectures  on  Primary  Edu- 
cation, and  on  Means  of  Teaching  the  Virtues. 

Glass  E. — Methods;  Practice  in  teaching  in  the  Model  School. 

Glass  F. — Methods  in  Chemistry;  Lectures  on  the  Philosophy 
of  Education. 

The  professional  course  of  instruction  will  be  better  under- 
stood by  a  more  detailed  account  of  it. 

There  are  in  the  Normal  School  five  classes,  designated  re- 
spectively by  the  letters  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  and  the  studies  assigned 


No.  7.  6S 

to  each  class  occupy,  generally,  a  single  term,  or  half-year.  A 
diligent  student  may,  consequently,  complete  the  entire  regular 
course  in  two  years  and  a  half.  The  B  class  being  the  lowest, 
is  composed  of  the  applicants  for  admission,  who  present  them- 
selves at  the  beginning  of  every  term.  Such  applicants  are 
admitted  on  passing  an  examination  in  Elementary  Grammar, 
Local  Geography,  Arithmetic  as  far  as  decimal  fractions.  Spell- 
ing, Reading  and  Penmanship,  and  on  signing  a  declaration  of 
intention  to  teach  in  the  Schools  of  this  State.  If  the  Board  of 
Instruction  find  anything  in  the  mental  or  moral  habits  of  the 
candidate  which  unfits  him  to  become  a  teacher,  he  is  rejected, 
even  if  he  passes  an  examination  in  the  studies  required. 

Throughout  the  course  we  insist  on  an  accurate  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  various  branches  pursued  as  an  indispensable 
condition  to  giving  successful  instruction  in  the  best  method  of 
teaching  them. 

It  is  for  this  reason  that  the  amount  of  professional  training 
increases  as  the  pupil  advances  in  the  course.  Those  who  join 
the  B  class  come  to  us  with  loose  intellectual  habits,  and  feeble 
powers  of  application.  They  have,  indeed,  sufficient  knowledge 
of  the  elementary  studies  to  gain  admission,  but  that  knowledge 
having  been  acquired  by  accidental  processes,  is  exceedingly 
unsystematic.  They  must,  consequently,  spend  one  term  in  a 
rigid  review  of  Geography,  Elementary  Grammar,  Practical 
Arithmetic,  Spelling,  Heading,  &c.,  and  they  do  well  if,  in  that 
time,  they  become  proficient  in  these  branches,  and  gain  sys- 
tematic habits  of  study  and  thought. 

Under  such  circumstances,  one  would  think  that  nothing  could 
be  done  in  the  way  of  pedagogical  training  ;  yet,  something- 
is  attempted.  They  are  taught,  in  the  first  place,  by  methods 
which  are  uniform  and  rigid,  and  these  same  methods  are,  from 
time  to  time,  made  the  subjects  of  special  explanation.  In 
Orthography,  for  example,  not  only  are  words  presented  uni- 
formly to  the  eye,  but  the  pupil  is  taught  how  to  use  tlie  F.ume 
process  in  giving  similar  instruction.  In  addition  to  this,  a 
course  of  familiar  lectures  on  personal  habits  and  acquirements, 


64  Doc. 

requisite  to  success  in  teaching,  is  given  in  each  class  ;  and 
thus  they  gain  a  genuine  ideal  which  they  are  exhorted  to  strive 
to  realize  in  their  own  characters.  I  may  add  that  careful 
notes  are  taken  of  these  lectures,  and  that  the  class  is  examined 
at  the  close  of  the  term  on  the  topics  which  they  embrace. 

In  the  C  class  pedagogical  training  is  made  more  systematic 
and  thorough.  During  the  term,  advanced  Grammar  and  Arith- 
metic (Mental  and  Higher)  are  finished,  and  Algebra  and  Na- 
tural Philosophy  begun.  Instruction  is  also  given  in  Singings 
Drawing  and  Elocution. 

The  pupil  recites  by  topics,  and  is  required  to  give,  unaided, 
a  strict  analysis  of  the  topic  assigned  him.  Under  this  system 
he  is  enabled,  from  outlines  which  the  teacher  supplies,  to  form 
methods  for  himself,  which  are  afterwards  made  more  familiar 
and  practical  by  special  discussion.  Under  this  system,  too, 
he  becomes  so  familiar  with  the  subject  of  study  that  the  order 
and  processes  by  which  they  should  be  presented  to  others,  are 
learned  with  little  difficulty. 

In  this  class,  as  well  as  in  all  the  higher  classes,  every  in- 
structor regards  method  teaching  as  his  special  duty,  and 
endeavors  to  secure  for  his  pupils  such  proficiency  that  it  may 
be  successfully  imparted.  Moreover,  the  methods  and  pro- 
cesses thus  taught  are  in  each  class  made  the  subjects  of  a 
separate  examination  at  the  close  of  the  term. 

But  instruction  which  is  entirely  special,  is  given  to  the  C 
class  in  the  form  of  a  full  course  of  lectures  on  the  "Art  of 
Teaching,"  ''  School-room  Duties,"  &c.  In  these  lectures  are 
presented  the  characteristics,  manners  and  personal  habits 
which  are  requisite  to  eminence  in  teaching.  They  also  em- 
brace such  topics  as  ''  Organization  of  District  Schools," 
"Means  of  securing  steady  attendance,"  "How  to  secure  an 
interest  in  studies,"  "Government,"  "Discipline,"  and  numerous 
others  of  a  similar  nature.  All  of  which  topics  are,  also,  made 
the  subjects  of  special  examination  at  the  close  of  the  term. 

The  studies  of  the  D  and  E  classes  are.  Algebra,  Natural 
Philosophy,  Botany,  Geology  and  Geometry.     These  two  classes 


No.  1.  65 

are  carefully  and  rigidly  drilled  in  the  best  methods  of  teaching* 
the  studies  they  pursue.  They  also  listen  to  a  course  of  lectures 
on  Ethics  and  the  "Means  of  Moral  Training."  The  E  class  has 
practice  in  experimental  teaching  according  to  a  regulation 
which  requires  that  each  pupil  shall  teach  at  least  one  term  in 
the  Model  School. 

The  studies  of  the  Senior  class,  which  occupy  twenty-four 
weeks,  are  Trigonometry,  Chemistry  and  Mental  Philosophy. 

In  Chemistry,  instruction  is  given  with  reference  to  two 
objects.  First,  to  give  the  student  such  accurate  knowledge  of 
tiie  elements  of  the  science,  as  will  serve  as  a  proper  basis  for 
his  future  acquisitions  ;  and  secondly,  to  render  him  practically 
familiar  with  the  best  modes  of  teaching  the  rudiments  of  this 
study.  The  recitation  is  conducted  with  both  these  objects  in 
view.  To  facilitate  the  former,  numerous  experiments  illustrat- 
ing the  principles  of  the  science,  are  made  before  the  class. 
To  promote  the  latter,  familiar  lectures  are  given  on  the  making 
of  apparatus,  on  manipulation,  and  modes  of  illustration  and 
on  the  best  methods  of  classifying  the  various  topics.  Each 
student  is  required  to  make  some  five  hundred  experiments  in 
the  action  of  chemical  reagents. 

The  class  occupy  twelve  weeks  of  the  senior  term,  in  study- 
ing Haven's  text>book  on  Mental  Philosophy.  The  object  sought 
in  this  study  is  accuracy  and  precision,  rather  than  extent  of 
knowledge,  and  the  seniors  are  thus  prepared  for  listening  to  a 
course  of  lectures  on  the  philosophy  of  education,  which  occu- 
pies the  remainder  of  the  term. 

The  lectures  referred  to,  embrace  the  following  topics  : 

1.  The  order  of  development  of  the  various  faculties. 

2.  The  order  of  studies  which  corresponds  to  the  order  of 
developement. 

3.  Errors  of  present  system  in  this  regard. 

4.  Cultivation  of  the  powers  of  observation  by  object  lessons 
and  by  the  study  of  objective  sciences. 

5.  Cultivation  of  the  powers  of  reflection  by  study  of  subjec- 
tive sciences. 

9 


66  Doc. 

6,  The  order  of  development  and  modes  of  cultivating  the 
sensibilities. 

7.  Religious  instruction. 

RESULTS    OF   THE    NORMAL   SCHOOL. 

There  can  be  no  question  that  the  Normal  School  has  contri- 
buted largely  to  the  educating  forces  of  the  State.  It  has  sent 
out  over  seventjrfive  graduates,  most  of  whom  are  engaged  in 
actual  teaching.  Some  of  these  have  charge  of  Union  Schools, 
others  hold  responsible  positions  as  assistant  teachers,  and 
others  still  are  conducting  Primary  Schools  of  the  better  class. 
Nearly  all  are  successful  teachers,  intending  to  give  to  their 
profession  the  labor  of  a  lifetime.  The  most  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  their  efficiency  appears  in  the  fact  that  the  demand  for 
Normal  graduates,  is  greater  than  the  School  can  supply. 

But  while  its  graduates  are  thus  sustaining  the  reputation  of 
the  Normal  School,  a  large  number  of  District  Schools  are  sup- 
plied with  teachers  from  its  undergraduating  classes.  No  pupil 
is  permitted  to  teach  until  he  has  passed  examination  in  the 
studies  of  the  C  class.  This  class  usually  numbers  about  a 
hundred,  and  it  is  believed  that  an  average  of  about  half  its 
members  go  out  every  term  to  teach  in  the  Primary  Schools. 
Consequently,  the  Normal  School  annually  furnishes,  from  this 
class  alone,  a  hundred  teachers  for  the  Schools  of  the  State. 
Of  course,  the  value  of  this  contribution  does  not  lie  in  its 
numerical  force,  but  rather  in  the  fact  that  these  teachers  are 
earnest  workers,  familiar  with  the  studies  they  teach,  and  assid- 
uous in  putting  into  practice  the  precepts  which  they  have 
learned  here. 

It  is  for  this  reason  that  while  we  hear  rarely  of  any  failures, 
we  receive,  from  all  quarters,  the  most  gratifying  evidence  that 
their  labors  are  generally  successful. 

WANTS. 

It  seems  to  me  that  the  Normal   School  stands  in  pressing 
need  of  a  Gymnasium  for  the  physical  training  of  its  pupils. 
Physical  education  is,  at  last,  receiving  the  attention  which 


No.  1.  6T 

its  importance  calls  for.  Many  of  the  prominent  Schools  and 
Colleges  of  the  East,  have  already  suspended  some  of  their 
usual  routine  in  order  to  give  their  pupils  opportunity  for  sys- 
tematic manual  exercise.  The  fact  is  being  recognized  every- 
where that  mental  discipline  cannot  fit  its  possessor  for  perma- 
nent usefulness,  without  a  degree  of  health  and  physical 
strength.  No  man,  however  finished  his  scholarship,  can  be  an 
efficient  laborer  in  any  of  the  professions,  if  his  digestive  and 
nervous  system  have  been  ruined  by  hard  study  without  proper 
■exercise.  Yet  it  is  an  alarming  fact  that  multitudes  of  young 
men,  in  this  country,  finish  their  course  of  study  with  a  broken 
constitution. 

Our  State  Normal  School  is  peculiarly  liable  to  sufier  from 
this  evil.  Our  pupils  are  mainly  the  sons  and  daughters  of 
farmers,  and  no  better  material  for  our  purpose,  can  be  found  in 
the  State.  They  bring  with  them  to  the  School  the  soundness 
of  body  which  farm-life  is  wont  to  beget.  When,  however,  they 
'enter  upon  the  professional  studies  here,  their  habits  of  life  are 
inevitably  changed.  Under  the  pressure  of  daily  recitations, 
they  are  apt  to  neglect  out-of-door  exercise  altogether,  or  to 
take  it  in  a  form  too  mild  for  the  requirements  of  health.  The 
oonsequence  is  that  many  are  compelled  on  account  of  illness 
to  leave  School  before  the  close  of  the  term,  and  often  to  aban- 
don, forever,  the  idea  of  preparing  to  teach.  This  evil  could 
not  find  its  remedy  in  ordinary  muscular  exertion  however  sys- 
tematically pursued.  By  reason  of  the  short  time  that  students 
remain  with  us,  our  Normal  course  is  necessarily  so  severe  that 
after  preparing  for  recitations,  they  have  not  time  enough  left 
for  exercise  if  taken  in  walking  or  ordinary  manual  labor. 

The  only  means,  under  the  circumstances,  by  which  their 
physical  vigor  can  be  preserved,  is  by  a  regular  muscular  drill, 
under  the  direction  of  a  competent  teacher  ;  for  a  half  hour  of 
gymnastic  exercises,  properly  conducted,  is  worth  three  hours 
of  exercise  taken  in  the  usual  way. 

But  we  cannot  give  our  pupils  such  exercises  without  means. 
We  have   already  a  teacher  in  Prof.  Miller,  who  is  a  practical 


8  Doc. 

gymnast.  We  want  a  plain  building,  of  moderate  cost,  with 
the  proper  apparatus.  The  estimates  show  that  the  whole  will 
not  cost  over  $1,000,  and  I  am  assured  that  the  entire  expense 
shall  not  exceed  the  estimates. 

As  a  further  argument  I  will  add,  that  inasmuch  as  physical 
education  is  receiving  increased  attention  in  our  best  Schools, 
it  is  essential  that  those  who  are  preparing  to  teach  should 
have  a  practical  knowledge  of  its  principles. 

Both  the  faculty  and  the  students  feel  urgently  the  need  of  a 
library  for  reference.  Our  old  library,  which  contained  about 
fifteen  hundred  volumes,  was,  as  you  are  aware,  entirely  con- 
sumed by  the  fire  which  destroyed  our  building  last  fall.  Since 
that  time  we  have  been  entirely  destitute  of  those  works  which 
the  students  ought  to  consult  in  the  various  topics  connected 
with  their  future  labors.  A  professional  library  is  indispensa- 
ble to  the  complete  success  of  a  professional  School,  and  we 
are  sure  that  our  institution  is  no  exception  to  the  general  fact. 

The  books  wherein  are  treated  topics  relating  directly  or  in- 
directly to  the  teacher's  profession  are  very  numerous,  but  we 
think  that  a  library  adequate  to  our  wants  would  not  exceed  a 
cost  of  $3,000. 

The-  following  items  embrace  the  more  important  of  our 
regulations  : 

All  the  pupils  of  the  Normal  School  are  required  to  sign  the 
following 

DECLARATION    OF    INTENTION. 

"  We,  the  subscribers,  do  hereby  declare  that  it  is  our  inten- 
tion to  devote  ourselves  to  the  business  of  teaching  in  the 
Schools  of  this  State,  and  that  our  object  in  resorting  to  this 
Normal  School  is  the  better  to  prepare  ourselves  for  the  dis- 
charge of  this  important  duty." 

EXAMINATIONS. 

Candidates  for  admission  must  pass  an  examination  in  the 
following   studies,  viz :     Reading,  Spelling,   Penmanship,  Ele- 


No.  7.  69 

mentary  Grammar,  Local  Geography,  and  Arithmetic  through 
oompound  numbers,  vulgar  and  decimal  fractions. 

Students  may  enter  any  advanced  class  by  passing  an  exam- 
ination in  all  preceding  studies  of  the  course. 

Examinations  for  admission  are  held  on  the  Monday  previous 
to  the  opening  of  each  term,  commencing  at  9  A.  M. 

ATTENDANCE. 

Applicants  for  admission  are  not  received  after  the  com- 
mencement of  a  term,  unless  they  have  been  detained  by  sick- 
ness, or  actual  service  as  teachers. 

TERMS    AND    VACATIONS. 

The  terms  of  the  Normal  School  commence,  respectively,  on 
the  first  Tuesday  of  April,  and  the  first  Tuesday  of  October, 
and  continue,  the  former  sixteen  weeks,  and  the  latter  twenty- 
four  weeks. 

The  exercises  of  the  School  are  suspended  during  the  winter 
holidays. 

THE  EXPERIMENTAL  DEPARTMENT. 

This  School,  which  was  established  for  the  purpose  of  afford- 
ing to  advanced  stud onts  in  the  Normal  School  an  opportunity 
for  practice  in  teaching,  is  in  successful  operation.  The  classes 
are  mainly  instructed  by  members  of  the  E  class,  under  a  sys- 
tem of  strict  supervision  by  the  Principal  of  this  department. 

There  are  seats  for  fifty  pupils,  which  is  the  limit  of  the  num- 
ber received.  Applicants  for  admission  must  be  between  the 
ages  of  eight  and  sixteen  years.  None  are  admitted  for  less 
than  an  entire  term — the  year  being  divided  as  in  the  Normal 
Department. 

A  tuition  of  two  dollars  for  the  summer,  and  three  for  the 
winter  term,  is  charged.  Intention  to  teach  is  not  made  a  con- 
dition of  admission.  It  is  the  design  in  this  department  to 
make  the  course  of  study  correspond  to  the  natural  order  of 
mental  development. 

First,  the  senses  are  trained  to  the  study  of  objects  and  ob- 
jective sciences,  and  afterward  the  reflective  faculties  are  de- 


TO  Doc.  No.  1 

veloped  by  means  of  studies  adapted  to  this  end.  In  pursuance 
of  this  design,  the  course  is  arranged  as  follows  :  First,  object 
lessons  and  the  Elements  of  Natural  Science,  and  afterwards 
Arithmetic,  Grammar  and  Elementary  Histor}-.  Thorough  train- 
ing in  Reading,  Penmanship,  Spelling,  Drawing,  Gomposition, 
Singing  and  Moral  Lessons,  is  also  included  in  the  course. 
All  the  above  is  respectfully  submitted. 

A.  S.  WELCH, 
Prin.  State  Normal  School. 


ANNUAL    EEPORT    OF    TEEASURER    OF    STATE 
NORMAL  SCHOOL. 


State  Board  of  Education  in  account  with  Benjamin  Follett,  Treas- 
urer of  State  Normal  School. 

DEBIT. 

1860. 
Oct.  1.  To  am't  of  expenditures  as  per  warrants  paid 
by  me  from  Sept.  30th,  1859,  to  Oct.  1st, 

I860, $16,482  84 

Balance, 385  1Q 

$16,866  60 

CREDIT. 
1859. 

Oct.   1.  Balance  on  hand, $  1,645  60 

Am't  received  for  tuition,  from  Sept.  80,  1859, 

to  Oct.  1st,  1860, 1,022  00 

Nov.    7.  Warrant  on  Auditor  General, 1,000  00 

8.         "                     "             "         2,500  00 

1860. 

Mar.  19.         "                     "             "          2,500  00 

May  30.         "                     "             "         3,500  00 

July  16.         "                     "             "          2,500  00 

Oct.  21         "                     "             "         2,000  00 

From  Prof.  Foote,  proceeds  of  Piano  Concert,  199  00 

-    $16,866  60 
Balance, . $383  76 


T2  Doc.  NO.  t. 

StcUe  Board  of  Education  Building  Fund  in  account  with  Bery. 
FolleU,  Treasurer  of  State  Normal  School. 

DEBIT. 

1860. 
April  15.  To  warrant  to  B.  Follett,  contract  for  re- 
building State  Normal  building, $8,000  00 

CREDIT. 

1859. 
Nov.  15.  By  am't  received  from  Hartford  Fire  Insu- 
rance Co.,  policy  on  building, $8,000  00 


STATEMENT  of  Warrants  drawn  on  account  of  Noi^raol  School 
for  the  year  ending  the  ZOih  day  of  Scptemher,  1860. 


1859-60. 


No. 
War- 
rant. 


To  Wliom  Drawn. 


Object. 


Amount. 


Oct.  14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
25 
25 
26 

Nov.  4 


Dec 


28 

28 

28 

28 

28 

28 

28 

3 

5 

5 

5 

1 

10 

10 

20 

20 


49  Benj.  Foilett, 

50  J.  M.  B.  Sill, 

51  Moore  &  Jenuess, .  . 

52  Robt.  Morton,  .  .  .  .  . 
5S  J.  M.  B.  Sill, 

54  Yost,  Tisd^tle  &  Co., 

55  Bariihart, 

56  Kinne  &  Smith, . . .  , 
5T  Davi',1  Coon, 

58  Chas.  Wheeler,  .  . .  . 

59  J.  Showerman, 

60  ;^.  Samson, 

61  -.Vm.  AVatts, 

\-  7.  U.  Hayes, 

63  Rev.  L.  D.  Chajjin, . . 

64  A.  Couse, 

65  D.  Hayes, . .  . 

66  Benj,  Foilett, 

6Y  Flower  &  Hand,  .  . . 

68  J.  M.  Gregory, 

69  Flower  &  Hand,  .  .  . 

70  Conklin  &  Co., 

n  J.  M.  B.  Siil, 

72  M.  N.  Littlefield, .  .  . 

73  H.  Jacobs, 

74  0.  Day, 

75  Kinne  &  Smith, .  .  .  . 

76  J.  R.  Kellogg, 

77  A.  S.Welch, 

78  Rev.  W.  P.  Pattison. 

79  J.  M.  B.  Sill, 

80  Mark  Norris, 

81  E.  J.  Mills, 

82  D.  Hayes, 

83  J.  M.  B.  Sill, 

84  J.  F.  Carey, 

10 


insurance, 

Expenses  for  Board, 
Curtain  fixtures, .  . 

Janitor,., . 

Expense  for  Board, 

Curtains, 

Rent  of  piano, .  .  . 
Goods,  laboratory, 
Work  &  materials 
o  0  ap , 


Pump, 

Rent  of  melodeon, . 

Soap, 

Benches  and  work, 
Services  as  Visitor, 

Piano, 

Desks  and  seats, .  . 
Apprais'g  damages 
Fitting  up  rooms,.. 
Exp.  to  Nov,  1st, .  . 
Repairs  on  hotel, .  . 

Lumber, 

Pd.  for  work,  &c., . 
Hardware  for  rep's, 

Janit(^, 

Painting, 

Materials  for  rep's, 
Ser.  &  exp,  to  date, 
Salary  to  Dec,  20, . 
Exp,  as  Visitor, .  .  . 
Incidental  expens's 
S.  pipe,  lumber,  &c, 
Stove-pipe,  &c., .  . . 
Making  130  desks, 
Salary  to  date, .... 


%  62  50 

13  55 

7  38 

28  75 

1  00 


16 

30 

4 

00 

26 

53 

4 

08 

2 

50 

5 

50 

4 

00 

3 

63 

29 

00 

13 

00 

300 

00 

75 

00 

5 

60 

50 

00 

44 

04 

88 

72 

75 

01 

29 

76 

2L 

53 

30 

00 

4 

88 

18 

85 

102 

63 

375 

00 

10 

00 

25 

00 

31 

05 

69 

73 

145 

77 

250 

00 

25^0 

00 

•74 


Doc. 


STATEMENT    OF    WARRENTS   DRAWN— CONTINUED. 


1859-60. 


No.  I 
War- 
rant. 


To  Whom  Drawn. 


Object. 


Amount. 


Dec. 

20 

85 

11 

20 

86 

u 

20 

87 

11 

20 

88 

a 

20 

89 

a 

20 

90 

n 

20 

91 

(I 

20 

92 

ii 

26 

93 

11 

26 

94 

a 

26 

95 

Jan'y  4 

1 

11 

4 

2 

Feb'y  3 

3 

n 

16 

4 

ii 

20 

5 

a 

20 

6 

a 

20 

1 

a 

20 

8 

ii 

20 

9 

a 

20 

10 

ii 

20 

11 

ii 

20 

12 

M'ch 

14 

13 

ii 

16 

14 

a 

16 

15 

ii 

20 

16 

a 

16 

17 

a 
ii 

16 
1  p. 

18 

1  Q 

"  16 

"  16 

''  16 

"  16 

''  16 

April  10 

''  27 

"  27 

May  2 

"  24 

"  24 

"  24 

"  24 


D.  P.  Alayhew, .... 

A.  Miller, 

G.  E.  Dudley, 

E.  M.  Foote, 

Mrs.  A.  D.  Aldrich, 
Susan  G.  Tyler, .  .  . 
Miss  E.  A.  Hurlbut, 

Benj.  Follett, 

Henry  Jacobs, .... 
David  Hayes, 


20 
21 

22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 


Wm.    Barkley, 

J.  M.  Gregory, 

W.  J.  Baxter, 

F.  Morley, 

R.  Kame, 

Shutts  &  Farrier,  .  . 

Henry  Jacobs, 

Prof.  J.  M.  B.  Sill, .  . 

Mr.  Knapp, 

Benj.  Follett, 

Benj.  Follett, 

M.  G.  R..  R.  Co., .  . . 
Henry  Jacobs, .... 
Prof.  A.  S.  Welch, . 

''    J.  B.  Sill,.... 

"    J.  F.  Carey, .  . 

"    D.  P.  Mayhew,  . 

"    A.  Miller,. 

"    Geo.  E.  Dudley, . 
Mrs.  A.  I^  Aldrich, .  . 

John  Goodison, 

E.  M.  Foote, 

Miss  Susan  G.  Tyler, 

Ellen  A.  Hurlbut, 

J,  R.  Kellogg, 

R.  Kame, 

Henry  Jacobs, 

Prof.  Geo.  E.Dudley, 

Benj.  L.  Baxter, 

Mark  N orris, 

Prof.  J.  M.  B.  Sill, . .  . 
A.  Showerman  &  Co., 


Salary  to  date, 


Telegraphing, 
Janitor  to  Dec.  4th, 
Lumber  and  work, . 
Teacher 


130  seat  castings. 
For  expenses, .  .  .  . 


For  serv.  and  exp., 
B'k  checks  for  N.  S. 

Settees, 

130  seat  castings, . 

Janitor, 

Expenditures,  .  . .  . 
16 J  cords  wood,.  .  . 

Insurance, 

3  tons  coal, 

Freight, 

Janitor, 

Salary, 


Services,...  . 
106  settees, , 
Services,...  . 
1  coal  stove, 
Services,.. .  . 

Rent, 

Expenses, .  . 
Gas  fitting, . 


$250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

162  50 

112  50 

112 

1 

44 

14 


50 
25 
00 

62 


50  00 

123  19 

16  10 

75  85 

8  00 
50  00 

131  50 

30  50 

31  47 

32  50 
25  50 
15  75 

9  01 
25  00 

375  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

162  50 

50  00 

225  00 

112  50 

112  60 

45  80 

295  25 

27  00 

20  00 

31  50 

5  00 

7  69 

89  40 


No/1. 


{D 


STATEMEis'T    OF    WARRANTS   DRAWN CONTINUED. 


1860. 


No. 
War- 
rant. 


To  Wb-om  Drawn. 


Object. 


Amount. 


May 


June 


July 


Aug. 


Oct. 


24 

24 
24 
1 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
19 
24 
24 
24 
24 
4 
4 
4 
4 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
23 
24 
23 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 


33 
34 

36 
36 
37 

38 
39 
40 
41 

42 
43 
44 
45 
46 

4:1 

48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
cO 
61 
62 
63 
64 
66 
65 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 


M.  N.  Littlefield, 

H.  Oakley, 

B.  Follett, 

Henrv  Jacobs, 

Prof.  A.  S.Welch,... 

-    J.  M.  B.  Sill, .  .  . 

"    Geo.  E.  Dudley, 

"    D.  P.  Meiyhew, . 

"    E.  M.  Foote,  .  .  . 

"    A.  Miller, 

"    J.F.Carey, 

Mrs.  A.  D.  Aldrich, .  . 
Miss  E.  A.  Hurlbut, . 
Miss  Susan  0.  Tyler, 
John  Goodison, 


Expenses, 


Bill  extra, 
Services,.. 
Salary,  .  . 


Henry  Jacobs, .... 

S.  B.  McCracken, .  . 

Robt.  Morton,  .... 

M.  W.  Ferris, 

E.  J.  Mills, 

J.  M.  Gregory, 

Shutts  &  Ferrier, .... 

Conklin,  S.  &  Co., .  .  . 

Prof.  J.  F.  Carey,  .  .  . 
''  J.  M.  B.  Sill, .  .  . 
"  Geo.  E.  Dudley, 
''    A.  Miller, 

Henry  Jacobs, 

Kinne  &  Smith, 

D.  Coon  &  Co., 

Prof.  A.  S.  Welch, . .  . 

Ellen  A.  Hurlbut,  .  .  . 

Susan  G.  Tyler, 

A.  S.  Welch, 

J.  F.  Carey, 

Geo.  E.  Dudley, 

J.  M.  B.  Sill, 

A.  Miller, 

D.  P.  Mayhew, 

E.  M.  Foote, 

Mrs.  A.  D.  Aldrich, .  . 
Susan  G.  Tyler, 


Balance  on  salary. 

Services, 

Printing, 

Bal.  for  services, . 

Bible, 

Hardware, 

Piano, 

Seat  ends, 

Bill  sundries,  &c., 
Salary, -  .  . 


Services,.. 
Goods, . .  . 
Furniture, 
Salary,  .  . 


72  55. 
5  25 
3,455  11 
53  00 

375  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

250  00 

162  50 

112  50 

112  50 

50  00 

60  00 

26  00 

2  50 
5  00 

3  00 
18 


4{J 

285 

114 

68 


00 
00 
97 


100  00 
100  00 
100  00 
100  00 
26  00 

124  87 
46  12 

125  00 
100  00 

50  00 
250  00 
150  00 
150  00 
160  00 
150  00 
260  00 
250  00 
162  50 

62  60 


t6 


Doc.  No.  T. 


STATEMENT    OF    WARRANTS    DRAWN- 


CONTINUED. 


1860. 


Oct. 


Kov 


I  No. 
War- 
rant 


76 

ri 

IS 
79 
80 

•701 

SOI 


To  Whom  Drawn. 


Ellen  A.  Hurlbut,  . 
Henry  Jacobs, .... 

A.  S.  Welch, 

M.  0.  E.  R.  &  Co., . 
Benj.  Follett, 


Yost,  Tisdale  &  Co., 


Object. 


Salary,  .  .  . 
Services,.. . 
Incidentals, 
Freight,  .  .  , 
Interest,  .  .  . 
Insurance,  , 
Account. .  .  . 


Amount. 


$  12  50 

30  00 

25  00 

13  35 

105  25 

130  50 

112  62 


AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE  TREASURER'S  REPORT. 


Ag'l  College  of  the  State  of  Michigan,  ) 


Dec&tnber  1,  1860. 

To  the  Honorable  the  Board  of  Education : 

Gentlemen — I  herewith  enclose  my  report  as  Treasurer  of  the 
Agricultural  College  of  the  State  of  Michigan,  for  the  year 
ending  December  1,  1860. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  passed  by  you,  1  collected 
from  students,  to  be  held  as  a  deposit,  to  appty  on  board  and 
contingent  expenses,  the  sum  of  $313  91.  Of  this  sum  $122  64 
was  returned  in  cash  to  the  students,  $131  66  was  paid  to  Mr. 
Lane  on  their  orders.  For  fifty-three  dollars  and  sixty-one  cents 
only  of  the  amount  is  credit  given  in  the  following  report,  stu- 
dents' orders  to  that  amount  having  been  accepted  by  the  Board 
of  Education  in  settlement  with  Mr.  Lane. 

T.  C.  ABBOTT, 

Treasure7\ 


Agricultural  College  of  the  State  of  Michigan  in  account  loith  T. 

C.  Abbot,  Treasurer. 

CREDFT.  • 

1859. 
Dec.  1.  By  am't  brought  from  last  account, $         96  93 

1860. 
Dec.     1.  By  cash  rec'd  from  Board  of  Education,  as 
follows  : 

Dec.  31,  1859.  From  Board  of  Education, 2,000  00 

Feb.     9,  1860.         "  "  "  1,000  00 


71 


Doc. 


Mar.     1,  1860.  From  Board  of  Education, . 

ii      9,9  '<  <<                  ('                  u 

-'^>  

Aug.    3,  "  From  J.  M.  Gregory,  Sec.  B'd  of  E'd, . 

li           7  ((  a                    li                    II                    II 

i(          7  a  u                   u                   u                   (( 

Sept.  13,  "  "             "             "             " 

Nov.    2,  "  Order,  E.  B.  Pond,  favor  J.  M.  Gregory, 

1,  "  From  J.  M.  Gregory,  Sec.  B'd  of  E'd, . 

ii          7  a  u                    a                   ii                    a 

a     20,  ''  "             "             ''             '-' 
1. 


Dec. 


By  am't  of  receipts  from  students  for 

room  rent  and  tuition, 

By  recpt's  from  Board,  previous  terms, 

By  am't  rec'd  from  students  on  deposit, 

and  paid  to  Mr.  Lane  by  warrant  of 

Board  of  Education, 

By  cash  rec'd  for.  brick,  as  follows  : 

Mar.  12.  Of  Mr.  Foster, $2  50 

''    13.  Of  Mr.  Marsh, •.       t5 

May  21.  By  band  of  Prof.  Fisk, 2  00 

Apr.  24.         "  "         Holmes, 5  00 

Nov.    n.  Of  Mr.  Smith, 2  00 


1, 
1, 


1, 


Apr.  It.  By  cash  rec'd  of  Mr.  Billings,   student,  on 
account, 


2,000 

00 

1,000 

00 

1,110 

46 

930 

23 

930 

23 

940 

13 

150 

00 

949 

11 

955 

59 

434 

20 

223 

18 

212 

09 

53  61 


12  00 
11  58 


Total  receipts, $13,669  40 


DEBIT. 

payment  of  the  Warrants,  as  by  the  following  table 


Date  of 
Payment. 
1859-60. 

No. 
War- 
rant. 

Dec. 

31 

146 

M'ch 

2 

196 

a 

2 

151 

i  < 

2 

158 

a 

2 

181 

•ii 

2 

182 

To  Whom  Drawn  and  Object. 


Amount. 


T.  C.  Abbot,  salary, 

S.  A.  Lane,  boardins:  hall 

R.  F.  Johnstone,  salary, 

Wm  Hazleton,  thrashing  wheat, 

H.  Hodges,  salary, 

P.  R.  Peck,  labor, 


$100  00 

100  99 

50  00 

40  00 

320  00 

105  00 


No.  7 


19 


WARRANT    STATEMENT CONTINUED. 


Date  of 

Payment. 

1860. 


No. 
War- 
rant. 


To  Whom  Drawn  and  Object. 

Geo.  Beaman,  butter, 

H.  Goodbi^,  salary, 

A.  Turner,  on  Goodby's  salary,,.  .  .  . 

A.  Turner  &  Co.,  materials, .  • 

J.  Chapman,  mason  work, 

J.  Preston,  seed  barley, 

C.  Tracy,   salary, 

Bloss  &  Co.,  seeds, .  .  .• 

Mead  &  Eobison,  meat, 

W.  N.  Lewis,  lumber  and  saw, 

J.  Whiteley,  groceries, 

Tompkins  &  Co.,  iron,  &c., 

S.  Ostrander,  groceries, 

Tompkins  &  Co.,  labor  and  iron, .... 

J.  Rishardson,  ditching,  &c., 

Joy  &  Co.,  thrashing  wheat, 

C.  Hosmer,  butter, 

G.  Waldbaur,  crackers, 

Mead  &  Eobison,  supplies, 

J.  Moore,  butter, 

J.  Dredenbacker,  butter, 

B.  Fraugh,  sausages, 

Bertch  &  Brother,  meat, 

Geo.  Beaman,  butter, 

G.  Crittenden,  potatoes  and  eggs, .  . . 

L.  Ives,  apples, 

A.  Stevens,  beef, 

E.  W.  Van  Auken,  butter, 

Vail  &  Brother,  crackers, 

C.  Mosely,  flour, 

G.  M.  Tower,  butter, 

J.  Biakely,  flour, 

E.  Walker,  flour, 

J.  P.  Pteed,  beef, 

J.  Wisner,  butter, 

S.  Lansing,  blacksmithing, 

John  Ruby,  eggs, 

H.  D.  Benham,  labor, 

Ball,  Sprang  &  Tobias,  wagon-work, 

S.  Lansing,  blacksmithing, 

Cash  refunded  N.  Blakeslee, 

A.  H.  Doty, 

L.  R.  Fisk,  salary, 


1  19 

89 

134 

91 

36 

14 

42 

51 

8 

00 

12 

00 

862 

84 

83 

90 

42 

80 

63 

30 

24 

19 

•  n 

88 

42 

55 

26 

85 

100 

56 

23 

00 

9 

8t 

1 

53 

31 

92 

34 

21 

1 

49 

1 

75 

91 

02 

49 

23 

1 

11 

36 

00 

12 

45 

10 

24 

8 

33 

32 

25 

15 

65 

48 

52 

49 

56 

28 

20 

4 

81 

39 

25 

30 

5 

60 

20 

00 

12 

28 

8 

09 

12 

43 

400 

00 

M'ch  2 

"  2 

"  2 

"  2 

"  2 

"  2 

"  2 

"  2 

''  2 

''    ■   2 

a  2 

u  2 

"  2 

<'  2 

"  2 

"  2 

a  2 

"  2 

.u  2 

"■  2 

a  9, 


185 
1S6 
153 
184 
188 
183 
257 
204 
66 
157 
166 
147 
148 
149 
152 
159 
162 
178 
179 
160 
177 
165 
171 
164 
167 
174 
168 


2 

176 

9 

170 

2 

173 

2 

175 

2 

197 

2 

187 

5 

221 

5 

219 

5 

180 

5 

217 

5 

228 

5 

231 

5 

240 

7 

n 

u 

7 

198 

80 


Doc. 


WARRANT    STATEMENT CONTINUED. 


Date  of 

Paymeat. 

1S60. 


No. 
War- 
rant 


To  Whom  Drawn  and  Object. 

T.  C.  Abbott,  salary, 

Burt  &  Watson,  instruments, 

Nail  &  Duncklee,  matting, 

D.  L.  Case,  lumber, 

J.  Newsome,  wagon  work, 

R.  F.  Johnstone,  salary, 

R.  Pointer,  meat, 

J.  R.  Kellogg,  tools, 

"           "         B'd  of  Ed'n  expenses, 
G.  W.  Waldbaur,  crackers, 

li  n  a 

D.  Eckstein,  potash, 

Joy  &  Calkins,  chopping  wood, 

S.   Ostrander,  groceries, 

S.  A.  Lane,  salary, .  . . 

H.  Jipson,  cattle, 

S.  Parker,  freight, 

W.  S.  Penfield,  ox  yokes, 

Coryell  &  Jenison,  merchandize, .  .  .  . 
H.  Ingersoll,  merchandize, 

F.  Alton,  barrels, 

Thos.  Humphrey,  butter, 

B.  B.  &  W.  R.  Noj^es,  nails, 

S.  A.  Lane,  board  of  students, 

G.  M.  Tower,  freight, 

Cannell  &  Edmonds,  harness  work, .  . 
Burr  &  Grove,  hardware, 

a  a  ii 

A.  J.  Viele,  stationery, 

Coryell  &  Jenison,  merchandize, .... 

J.  E.  Strong,  printing, 

R.  F.  Johnstone,  salary, 

J.  Bailey,  expenses  for  farm, 

W.  N.  Lewi>s,  lumber, 

L.  R.  Fisk,  postage, 

Noah  Phelps,  lumlier, ' .  .  . 

J.  Bailey,  salary, 

Tompkins  &  Co.,  miachinery, 

J.   Gifford,  cheese, 

Wm.  Webster,  vinegar, 

S.  A.  Lane^  provisions, 


Amount. 


M'ch 


April 


7 
8 
8 
10 
13 
14 
14 
14 
11 
17 
17 
17 
21 
22 
22 
22 
22 
22 
22 
22 
22 
22 
26 
27 
3 

o 
O 

6 

6 

7 

10 


261 

189 
21d 

254 
200 
150 
211 
199 
214 
287 
259 
236 
263 
234 
260 
251 
203 
230 
239 
207 
232 
169 
201 
265 
266 
244 
253 
245 
156 
224 
218 
193 
264 
262 
256 
249 
277 
248 
278 

22,0 

308 
161 
258 


^900  00 
137  00 
25  87 
56  00 
16  00 
150  00 
71  30 

29  25 

38  50 
9  12 
7  73 

6  29 
75  00 

30  26 
375  00 

13  00 

7  50 

10  25 
13  45 

11  12 

12  00 

5  09 
12  19 

100  00 
50  00 
10  48 

12  59 

39  50 
90  28 

4  93 

6  52 
20  00 

100  00 
25  00 

13  56 
3  17 

28  51 

1  92 

100  00 

6  00 

12  06 

8  60 
46  16 


No.  1 


81 


WARRANT    STATEMENT CONTINUED. 


Data 

of 

No. 

Pavm 

^nt. 

War- 

1S60. 

rant. 

April  10 

246 

(( 

16 

^2f 

u 

K 

[6c 

it 

17 

25e 

ii 

17 

9f 

a 

17 

68 

Cl 

17 

279 

May 

7 

202 

(( 

7 

280 

li 

10 

209 

(( 

10 

281 

11 

IC 

28f 

a 

10 

284 

it 

10 

286 

li 

10 

283 

it 

10 

282 

ti 

10 

248 

ti 

10 

287 

n 

10 

206 

ft 

16 

291 

li 

16 

223 

ti 

16 

288 

ti 

16 

289 

Allfr. 

S 

300 

ii 

3 

399 

ti 

3 

298 

ti 

3 

297 

ti 

3 

301 

it 

6 

241 

it 

6 

303 

ti 

6 

302 

ti 

6 

304 

ti 

6 

000 

ii 

28 

ill 

It 

28 

306 

li 

28 

229 

ii 

28 

216 

a 

28 

292 

it 

28 

290 

11 

28 

210 

ti 

28 

305 

Sept. 

1 

155 

To  Whom  Drawn  and  Object. 


E.  P.  Beiiham,  labor, 

'\i  oir  &  Hunter,  cultivator, 

\Y.  H.  Rajmer,  butter, , 

L.  Lewis,  lumber, 

r.  D.  Billings,  g-oods, 

A.  H.  Billings,  goods, 

J.  C.  Holmes,  salary, 

J.  M.  Griswold,  printing, 

A.  J.  W.  ThomiDSon, 

E.  J.  Abbott,  postage, 

Austin  &  Tomlinson, 

M.  Miles,  laboratory, 

Manly  Miles,  salary, 

Geo.  Thurber,  freight,  &c., , . . . . 

Hubbard  &  Davis, 

R.  F,  Johnstone,  balance  due, 

xMoore  &  Feote,  groceries, 

M.  J.  Daniels,  team, 

Humphrey  &  Hibbard,  freight, 

W.  W. ,  Preston,  labor, 

3.  G.  Ives,  oats, 

Burr  &  Grove, 

J.  Chapman,  mason  work, 

T.  0.  Abbott, 

Wm.  Webster,  vinegar, , . . 

Geo.  Thurber,  salary, 

R.  M.  Tripp,  salary, 

V.  CL  A.  Bailey,  labor, 

U.  D.  Ward,  meat, 

W.  S.  Penfield,  seeds, 

H.  K.  Messinger,  roofmg  boarding  hall, .  . 

F,  Raymond,  blank  books,  &c., 

Moneys  advanced  by  B'd  of  Ed'n  in  1859, 

H.  H.  Smith,  merchandise, 

P.  B.  Peck,  labor, 

E.  P.  Benham,  beef, 

Mary  Harmon,  butter, 

Toy  &  Calkins,  cliopping, 

I.  H.  &  H.  D.  Bartholomew,  alcohol, 

Chas.  Smith,  vinegar, 

Geo.  Thurber,  salary, 

Hovey  &  Co.,  plaster, 


Amount. 

$     2  74 

20  00 

7  63 

20  00 

i     OO 

4  25 

30  00 

3  00 
28  91 

2  30 
84  50 

22  93 
222  22 

44  66 

23  00 

17  30 
158  03 

4  50 

3  00 
20  78 
20  00 
41  46 
15  70 
2*7  96 
10  10 

250  00 

80  00 

18  34 
3  84 

15  12 
212  02 

31  64 
1,287  43 

25  58 
59  00 

5  56 
9  28 

43  15 

23  38 

2  00 

5  00 

19  80 


11 


82 


Doc.  No.  1. 


WARRANT    STATEMENT CONTINUED. 


Date  of     I  No.  I 

Payment.  (War- 

1860.       I  rant.  I 


To  "Whom  Drawn  aud  Object. 


Amount. 


Oct. 


Nov 


Sept.  14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
20 
22 
22 
22 
22 
Dec.   1 


222 
2.33 
296 
293 
305 
295 
294 
242 
205 
235 
220 
250 
307 
311 
309 
312 
313 
314 
315 
324 
247 
320 
331 
326 
325 
212 
238 
215 
329 
330 
335 
334 
322 
192 
336 


R.  Bircher,  teaming, .  . 

Ohas.  Foster,  butter, 

J.  C.  Holmes,  salary, 

J.  Bailey,  salary  and  expenses  for  farm, 

Geo.  Thurber,  salary, 

T.  0.  Abbot,  salary, .  .  . '. 

L.  R.  Fisk,  salary, 

A.  Turner  &  Co.,  hardware, 

L.  &  H.  Plankroad  Co., 

W.  Johnson,  milkpans, 

M.  D.  Chatterton,  honey, 

Peck  &  Merrifield,  butter, 

R.  H.  Tripp,  salary, 

Geo.  Thurber,  salary, 

Geo.  Thurber,  microscope, 

S.  A.  Lane,  boarding  students, 

A.  A.  N.  Bailey,  labor, 

T.  C.  Abbot, 

J.  C.  Holmes,  purchases, 


J.  A¥hiteley,  groceries, 

J.  Rhale,  hay, 

R.  Bercham,    timber, 

S.  A.  Lane,  labor  of  students, 

P.  C.  Ayers,  museum  cases, 

P.  Thompson,  butter, ; 

H.  Thayer  &  Co.,  goods, 

H.  Biglow,  eggs, 

J.  Bailey,  salar^^, 

Wm.  Dwelle,  on  Lane's  account, 

J.  C.  Holmes,  incidentals, 

M.  J.  Daniels,  teams, 

J.  Van  Husen,  freight, 

Barns,  French  &  Way,  printing, 

B'd  of  Educa'n,  int.  on  State  Warrants, 


$  5  25 

4  n 

375  00 

445  75 

83  33 

500  00 

430  00 

6  50 

3  33 
2  82 

6  75 

4  60 
100  00 
250  00 

85  00 

430  04 

23  78 

7  98 

11  29 
51  92 

2  97 
2  00 

2  00 
500  00 
19775 

99 

1  00 

87 

187  50 

80  00 

10  00 

12  00 

3  75 

5  00 
434  20 


Total  amount  of  payments, 

Cash  to  balance,  carried  to  new  account. 


$13,135  72 
533  68 

$13,669  40 


FOURTH  AlSriSrUAL  REPOET  OF  THE  BOARD  OF 
CONTROL  OF  THE  STATE  REFORM  SCHOOL. 

FOR  THE  YEAR  ENDING  NOVEMBER  17,  1860. 


Hon,  J.  M.  Gregory,  Supt.  of  Public  Instruction  : 

In  compliance  with  the  law,  we  hereby  lay  before  you  our 
report  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  as  members  of  the  Board  of 
Oontrol  of  the  Michigan  Reform  School,  embracing  the  annual 
statement  of  its  fiscal  afi'airs,  its  management  and  condition. 

The  Board,  in  the  performance  of  this  duty,  feel  the  assur- 
ance that  their  efforts  to  make  this  Institution  what  its  name 
imports,  a  Reformatory  for  houseless  and  wayward  youth,  have 
not  been  unavailing. 

It  is  a  fact  not  unknown  to  all  intelligent  citizens  of  our 
State,  that  this  Institution  from  the  very  commencement,  has 
been  a  target  against  which  a  certain  portion  of  the  partizan 
press  has  hurled  its  most  envenomed  missiles,  yet  its  course  has 
been  steadily  and  constantly  onward  to  popular  favor,  until  it 
now  stands  acknowledged  by  many  who  were  first  and  fiercest 
in  denunciation,  as  not  only  a  necessary,  but  a  truly  benign  In- 
stitution, challenging  alike  the  sympathy  of  the  humane  for 
this  unfortunate  class,  and  the  co-operation  of  all  who  have  the 
best  interests  of  society  at  heart. 

The  rapidty  increasing  number  of  inmates  and  the  apparent 
necessity  for  increased  accommodations,  impelled  the  Board  in 
the  spring  of  1859,  in  anticipation  of  the  appropriation  made 
at  the  session  of  the  Legislature  for  that  year,  to  contract  for 
the  erection  of  an  additional  wing  to  the  school  edifice,  which 
was  completed  and  delivered  to  us  by  the  contractor,  M.  Elder, 
Esq.,  about  the  1st  of  July,  1860,  at  the  cost  of  $18,863  78,  as 


84  Dac'. 

appears  in  detail  by  the  report  of  our  Treasurer  hereto  ap- 
pended. For  the  exact  statistics  of  the  School  and  many  very 
valuable  hints  and  suggestions,  we  beg  leave  to  refer  to  the  highly 
interesting  report  of  our  Superintendent,  subjoined.  For  the 
educational  improvement  and  intellectual  advancement  of  the 
boys,  we  would  also  refer  to  the  leport  of  Rev.  Chas.  Johnson, 
Teacher,  which  is  also  appended.  They  present  a  subject  of 
sincere  gratification  not  only  to  the  Board,  but  to  all  who  have 
felt  an  interest  in  the  welfare  and  improvement  of  the  inmat-es. 

All  the  boys  except  those  engaged  in  the  kitchen,  dining 
room,  &c.,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes  and  clothing  for  the 
inmates,  are  employed  from  the  hours  of  9  to  12  A.  M.  and  1  io 
4:  P.  M.  by  the  contractors,  Messrs.  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  in  the 
manufacture  of  chairs  ;  their  proficiency  in  which  is  very  grati- 
fying to  the  Board.  On  the  night  of  the  2d  of  October  last, 
the  machine  shop  took  fire  from  the  boiler  room,  and  nearly  all 
the  combustible  portion  of  that  building  was  destroyed ;  also  the 
water  tower  which  was  constructed  of  wood.  These  buildings 
have  been  repaired  at  an  expense  of  near  $1,600,  and  are  now 
better  than  those  destroyed.  We  cannot  here  refrain  from  ex- 
pressing our  sincere  thanks  for  the  alacrity  with  which  the 
Fire  Department  of  the  city  of  Lansing  came  to  our  assistance. 
To  their  energetic  efforts  the  State  is  mainly  indebted  for  the 
preservation  of  the  other  buildings.  The  enthusiastic  energy 
with  which  all  our  boys  worked  is  also  worth}''  of  all  commen- 
dation. 

We  would  especially  call  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  to 
the  necessity  of  so  amending  the  existing  law  in  relation  to  the 
introduction  of  Female  offenders  as  to  prevent  their  being  sent 
here  until  some  arrangement  shall  be  made  for  their  accommo- 
dation, a  d  proper  management  and  instruction.  This  would 
involve  the  necessity  of  additional  buildings  and  apartments. 

The  rapidly  increasing  number  of  inmates  renders  it  neces- 
sary that  provision  should  be  made  for  increased  accommoda- 
tions before  the  next  Biennial  session  of  the  Legislature,  after 
the  present,  as  there  are  only  about  twenty  unoccupied  dormi- 


No.  1,  85 

tories  now,  and  the  increase  is  more  than  thirty  per  year,  as 
will  be  shown  by  the  tables  appended. 

We  would  also  recommend  a  more  rigid  scrutiny  into  the 
ages  of  persons  sent  here,  as  several  have  been  received'as  in- 
mates who  had  nea-rly  attained  their  majority'',  and  who  have 
been  almost  the  only  participators  in  acts  of  insubordination. 

During  the  year  some  changes  have  been  made  in  the  officers 
of  the  Institution:  Mr.  Crosby,  the  Teacher,  left  about  the  1st 
April ;  Mr.  Foster,  Superintendent,  1st  July  ;  Rev.  Mr.  Fisk, 
Chaplain,  1st  August,  (the  present  Superintendent  acting  as 
Chaplain ;)  Mrs.  Hibbard,  Matron,  1st  Sept.,  all  having  per- 
formed the  duties  of  their  several  positions  with  credit  to  them- 
selves and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Board. 

Owing  to  his  election  to  the  Legislature,  Dr.  H.  B.  Shank 
found  it  necessary  to  resign  his  position,  very  much  to  our  re- 
gret, as  he  has  taken,  ever  since  his  appointment,  a  deep  inter- 
est in  all  that  concerned  the  welfare  of  the  Institution,  and 
much  of  the  success  of  the  management,  and  the  present  pros- 
perity of  the  School,  may  be  attributed  to  his  efforts. 

We  would  also  take  this  opportunity  to  acknowledge  the  un- 
tiring zeal  and  assiduous  care  of  our  present  Superintendent, 
Rev.  D.  B.  Nichols,  iii  promoting  the  great  and  humane  object 
of  the  Institution  ;  also  the  continued  interest  manifested  by 
our  efiBcient  Assistant  Superintendent,  Mr.  C.  B.  Robinson,  in  its 
welfare.  His  management  of  the  various  departments  of  duty 
assigned  him,  and  especially  his  success  in  instructing  the  boys 
in  vocal  music,  merit  our  warmest  approbation.  The  labors  of  the 
Teacher.  Rev.  Charles  Johnson,  have  been  faithfully  performed, 
and  with  an  evident  desire  to  do  all  that  duty  or  the  success  of 
the  Institution  could  demand.  To  Assistant  Teacher,  Garr,  and 
all  the  employees  of  the  Board,  as  well  as  to  our  gentlemanly 
contractors,  .Messrs.  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  we  tender  our  thanks 
for  their  praiseworthy  efforts  to  encourage  a  spirit  of  e.nergy 
on  the  part  of  the  boys  to  overcome  the  various  unfortunate 
circumstances  which  led  to  the  commission  of  errors,  which 
placed  them  here. 


86  ■  Doc.  NO.  7. 

The  subjoined  report  of  our  Treasurer  exhibits  the  entire  ex- 
penditure on  account  of  the  erection  of  the  South  wing  of  the 
main  edifice,  the  construction  of  the  kitchen,  bakery,  steam 
cooking  apparatus,  additional  chair  shop,  repairs  and  altera- 
tions in  the  dining  room,  &c.,  together  with  the  expense  of  re- 
pairs of  the  machine  shop  and  water  tower,  destroyed  by  the 
fire  before  mentioned,  A  portion  of  these  expenditures  were 
referred  to  in  our  last  annual  report,  to  which  we  refer,  that 
those  amounts  may  not  be  considered  as  additional  expendit- 
ures. The  balance  shows  that  the  appropriation  of  1859,  of 
$20,000  00,  has  been  overdrawn,  to  the  amount  of  $1,494  28, 
in  consequence  of  the  fire  making  the  expenditure  necessary, 
and  for  which  we  ask  the  Legislature,  at  its  next  session,  to 
make  the  necessary  appropriation. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

JAMES  TURNER, 
GEO.  W.  LEE, 

Board  of  Control. 


TREASURER'S   REPORT. 


State  Reform  School  in  account  luith  George  W.  Lee,  Treasurer 

DEBIT. 

1860. 
Nov.  IT.  For  cash  paid  for  provisions  for  12  months,  .$3,556  66 

clothing  for  12  months, .  .  .  1,464  22 

fuel  for  12  months, 8T2  T3 

lights  for  12  months, 216  25 

bedding  for  12  months,. .  .  465  62 
books,  printing  and  station- 
ery for  12  months, 351  1*7 

postage  12  months, 2T  46 

hospital  for  12  months,.  .  .  223  82 

domestic  help,  12  months,  131  21 

night  watch, 511  54 

salaries  of  officers,  12  mos.,  2,931  91 

Board  of  Control  for  12  mos.  319  00 

impts.  and  repairs,  12  mos.  2,303  39 

furniture,  12  months, 101  31 

farm  expense,  12  months, .  1,411  32 

disch.  of  inmates,  12  mos.,  52  10 

incidental  expenses,      "  442  29 

Cash  on  hand, 45  00 


$16,045  60 


CREDIT. 

By  cash  of  State  Treasurer, $16,000  00 

By  cash  for  hogs  sold, 35  00 

By  cash  for  10  cords  wood, 10  00 

By  cash  for  6  barrels, 60 


6,045  60 


88  Doc. 

State  Reform  School  in  account  .with  George  W.  Lee^  Treasurer, 
for  Riceipti^  and  Disbursement.-^,  in  erecting  South    Wing,  &c., 
under  Act  No.  193,  Laios  of  1859. 

DEBIT. 

1859. 

Aug.   19.  To  paid  John  Van  Husan,  for  freight, %        21  88 

"     26.         ''        Dunham,  for  boiler  and  fixtures, .  .  255  00 

Sept.    1.         "        Turnor,  Bros.,  boiler  front  &  grates,  12  30 
''It.         "                "         shaft  for  force  pump  and 

fixtures, 15  11 

•'     11.  To  paid  n.  L.  Thayer,  for   copying   Elder's 

contract  and  specification, 3  50 

'*     11.  To  paid  G.  H.  Gassimcre,  erecting  kitching,  115  05 
•'     11.         ''       building  com.  for  sup.  of  S.  W., .  .  .  100  00 
"     11.         "       Turner  &  Bros.,   for  2  hot  air  fur- 
naces and  fixtures, 332  10 

"     11.  To  paid  E.  C.  Crane,  for  lot  for  water  ram,  50  00 
"     11.         "       expenses    to    Jackson,    on    water 

works  investigation, 16  25 

''     19.  To  paid  J.  Yan  Husan,  for  freight, 2  00 

"     19.         "       A: ahel  Nichols,  for  tank  and  tub, .  55  61 

"     19.         "       Turner,  Bros.,  for  boiler  stand, ....  6  90 
Oct.    13.         "             "         "        for  bars  for  furnace 

and  smithing, 5  13 

"     13.  To  paid  Geo.  E.  Dudley,  for  steam   fitting 

and  pipes  for  cooking  apparatus, 409  13 

"     29.  To  paid  M.  Elder,  for  erecting  water  tower,  514  17 

''     29-         "             "          for  setting  boiler, 61  15 

isao. 

Jan.    20.  To  paid  M.  Elder,  for  plans  &  specifications,  50  00 

"     20.         ''       Burr  &  Grove,  for  hardware,  S.  W.,  94  11 
May  12.         "       S.  R.  Greeri,  on  accjunt  of  sealing 

school-room, 50  00 

"     12.  To  pa'd  John  N.  Bush,  for  eiec'ing  boiler 

house, 165  00 


No.  t.  89 

May  25.  To  paid  M.  Elder,  for  erecting  South  Wing, 

as  per  contract, $11,100  CO 

''     25.  To  paid  M.  Elder,  for  extra  work  on  S.  W.,        863  18 
"     25.         "  "         for  int.  on  ext.  of  paj'mts, 

Nov.  22.         "        Woodhoiise  &  Butler,  for  materials 

to  repair  burnt  shops, 

''     22.  To  paid  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  for  erecting 

South  Wing  on  main  shop, 

"     22.  To  paid  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  for  materials 

and  repairs, 

"     22.  To  paid  J.  C.  Bailey,  for  interest, 

"     22.         "       Turners  Bros.,  iron  work  un  build'g, 
"     22.         "       Van  Husan,  for  freight, 


300 

€0 

161 

11 

110 

95 

21 

15 

201 

50 

8 

GO 

■  12 

33 

$28,581  61 

CREDIT. 

1859. 
Nov.  15.  By  cash  on  Ingersoll's  note,  boy  labor,.  .  .  .$      134  66 

"     15.         "       of  T.  Foster,  bal.  acct.    "         889  88 

1860. 

Sept.  26.  By  cash  of  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  boy  labor,  138  01 

''       one  hog-  sold  to  Elder, 10  00 

"       of  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  boy  labor,  1,499  21 
"       of  State  Treas'r  on  appropriation, .    12,115  00 

"     acc'pt  not  matured,  1,000  00 
"       outstanding  acceptance  of  Board  of 

Control, 8,033  65 

"     22.  By  cash  received  for  discount  on  acceptance 

paid  before  maturity, 21  51 

''     22.  By  cash|.borrowed, 185  63 

$23,581  61 


u 

26. 

.Nov. 

22. 

'' 

22. 

W  " 

22. 

t( 

22. 

12 


90  V  Doc.  Xa  T. 

Excess  of  disbursements  over  appropriation, $3,58t  61 

Less  amt.  rec'd  for  labor  of  boys, $2,161  82 

1  hog  sold, 10  00 

"  **  discount  on  accptance, .  .        21  51 

2,193  33 

$1,394  28 

Due  building  committee, 100  00 

Bal.  for  which  an  appropriation  is  asked  by  the  Board,  $1,494  28 

Amount  paid  by  State  Treasurer  on  appropriations 

made  by  Act  193,  laws,  of  1859, $12,175  00 

State  Treasurer  acceptance,  not  matured, 1,000  00 

Outstanding  acceptance  of  the  Board,  due  February 

1,  1861, 8,033  65 

Cash  borrowed, 185  63 

Due  Building  Committee, 100  00 

$21,494  28 

Amount  of  appropriation, 20,000  OO 

Excess  of  expenditures  made  necessary  by  the  fire,.   $1,494  28 

GEO.  W.  LEE, 

Treasurer, 


SUPERINTENDENT'S  REPORT. 


To  the  Honorable  Board  of  Control  of  the  Michigan  State  Reform 
School : 

Gentlemen — I  herewith  present  to  you  the  following,  as  the 

fourth  Annual  Report  of  this  Institution  : 

TABLE  I. 

Showing  the  number  received  and  discharged,  and  the  general 
state  of  the  School,  for  the  year  ending  Nov.  16th,  1860. 

Number  in  School  at  commencement  of  the  year, 96 

Number  received  during  the  year, 61 


Number  to  be  accounted  for, 151 

Number  apprenticed  during  the  year, 1 

Number  returned  home  as  reformed, 14 

Number  pardoned  by  the  Board  of  Control, 1 

Sent  to  prison  for  assault  upon  an  officer, 2 

Number  escaped  during  the  year, 0 

Number  died, 1 

Number  who  have  served  out  their  time  under  the  old 
law, 1 

Whole  number  disposed  of, 20 

Number  now  in  the  School, 13t 

15t 


92 


Doc. 


TABLE  2. 

Sliowing  the  Counties  from  lohenoe  the  Inmates  have  been  received, 
thej^ad  year  and  i^revioudy. 


COUNTIES. 


Past  Year.     Previously.  ]      TOTAL. 

I 


Wayne, 

Washtenaw, 
Monroe, .... 
Calhoun,. .  .  . 
Kalamazoo, . 
Shiawassee,. 
Ottawa., .... 
In9;hpcTn, .... 
Lapeer,  .... 
Hillsdale,. .  . 

Cass, 

Macomb,  . , . 
Jackson,  ,  .  . 
Oakland, .  .  . 
St.  Clair, . .  . 
Lenawee,. .  . 

Ionia, 

Eaton, 

Kent, 

Clinton, .... 
Livingston, . 
Berrien, .... 
St.  Joseph, . 
Van  Bnren, . 
Gratiot, .... 

Branch 

Genesee,..  .  . 


21 
4 

1 


O  1 

10 

4 

10 


■i8 

14 
5 

13 
8 
4 
6 

10 
3 
3 
4 
3 

11 
.1 
6 
6 
1 
1 
4 
2 
3 
4 


6i 


*20 


*Two  of  these  have  been  recommitted. 


TABLE  3. 

Shows  the  Courts  by  which  the  Commitments  have  been  made. 


KAilE  OF  THE  COURT. 

Past  Year. 

Previously. 

Total. 

•Justice's  Court, 

29 
13 
12 

1 

48 
21 
5-T 
14 

n 

Police    Court, 

Circuit  Court, , 

Recorder's  Court, 

34 

G9 
21 

Total, 

61 

140 

201 

No. 


TABLE  4. 

Shows  the  Admissions  and  Discharges  for  each  month  in  (he  year. 


NAMES  OF  MONTH, 

November, 

December, 

January, 

February, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June,    

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 


Discbarged.    Average  No, 


TABLE   5. 

Causes  of  CoTnmitment.  * 

CRIME. 

Larceny, 

House  Breaking, 

Burglary, 

Burglary  and  Larceny, 

Horse  Stealing, 

Manslaughter,. 

Vagrancy, 

Malicious  Trespass 


Ntjmeee. 


52 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 

"61 


Doc. 


TABLE   6. 

Shows  the  Nativity  of  the  Iiimates  and  their  Parents. 


INMATES. 


AMERICAN  STATES. 

No. 

FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

No. 

Miciiig'an 

32 

6 
6 
1 

1 

Ireland 

5 

New  York      

Canada, 

4 

Ohio      •            

England, 

8 

Tiifliana                              ■  . 

Scotland, 

1 

Virginia.        . .          

Germany, 

1 

Holland, 

1 

Total  Americans, 

46 

Total    Foreigners, 

15 

PARENTS. 


NAME  OF  COUNTRY. 


Number. 


America, . 

Ireland, .  , 

Germany, 

Canada, . , 

England, 

Scotland, 

Holland,. 


29 
15 
5 
5 
3 
2 
2 


Total  number  of  Americans, 26 

''  "         Foreigners, 35 

TABLE    1 
Showing  the  Age  of  the  Inmates  when  Committed. 


NUMBER. 


Age. 


NUMBER. 


Age. 


Two  of. 
Eight  of. 
Three  of, 
Eight  of. 


7 
10 
11 
12 


Four  of, 

Eight  of  ...  . 
Seventeen  of, 
Eleven  of, .  .  . 


13 
14 
15 
16 


Average  age  of  boys  sent  during  the  year ,  is  a  traction  over . 


.13% 


No.  1. 


95 


TABLE  8. 

Shoves  the  Occupation  of  the  Inmates  and  their  Parents  before  the 
Committal  of  the  boy  to  this  School. 

PARENTS. 


OCCUPATION. 

Number. 

OCCUPATION.                    Numb  er. 

Laborers, 

14 
11 

3 
4 
4 

2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 

Pilot, 

Farmers, 

Wood  Sawyer, 

Shiploader, 

Blacksmiths, 

Carpenters, 

Shoemakers,   

Vagrant, 

Surveyor,  . 

Expressmen,   

Engineer, 

Draymen, 

Basket  Maker, 

Merchant, 

Butchers, 

Sailors, 

Masons, 

Weaver, 

Wagon  maker, 

Miller, 

Preachers, 

Physicians,    

Collector, 

2 

INMATES. 


No  work, 

Farmers, 

Teamsters, 

Sailors, 

Drivers  on  the  Canal, 
Worked  on  the  river, 


Basket  Makers, 

Mason  tenders, 

Worked   in  a   Tobacco 

Shop, 

Butchers, 

Chore  boys, 


Total, 61 


TABLE  9. 

Shows  the  Social  Condition  of  the  Inmates'  Homes  j^rior  to  their 
commitment  to  this  School. 

Number  of  Inmates  who  had  relatives  convicted  of  crime,. .  .  11 

Number  of  Inmates  who  had  lost  their  father, 22 

Number  who  had  lost  their  mother,  .* 15 

Number  who  were  orphans, t 

Number  who  had  step-parents, 21 

Number  who  had  been  profane, 53 

Number  who  had  been  untruthful, 58 

Number  who  have  been  Sabbath-breakers, 49 

Number  who  have  been  in  the  habit  of  gambling, 26 


96 


Dov 


Number  in-  the  habit  of  going  to  the  theatre  or  circus, 4*1 

Number  who  have  slept  out  in  barns,  merchandize  boxes  and 

under  sheds, 46 

Number  who  have  been  habituated  to  the  use  of  intoxicating 

drinks, 38 

Number  who  hove  been  drank, , 26 

Number  who  have  been  in  the  liabitual  use  of  tobacco, 35 

Number  who  have  been  disobedient  to  parents, 54 

Number  who  have  been  in  prison  from  one  to  seven  times,  .  .36 

Number  who  have  been  guilty  of  theft, 61 

Number  included  in  the  above  table  consists  of  those  com- 
mitted during  the  year,    61 

TABLE  10. 

Shows  the  Labor  performed  hj  the  various  DejjartTnents  of  the  In- 
stitution, except  Contracted  Labor. 

tailors'  shop. 


AuTiciES  IUde. 


NUJIBER. 


Articles  Made. 


NuaiBEE. 


Oaps, 

Goats, 

Pantaloons,..  .  . 

Vests, . 

Fine  Shirts, .  .  . 
Bed  Quilts,. .  . . 
Pillow  Slips,..  . 
Handkerchiefs, 
Table  Cloths, .  . 
Aprons, ....... 


23?: 

1 

12 

58 

151 

186 

20 

4 


Striped  Shirts, 

Over  Shirts, .... 

Overalls, 

Suspenders,  pairs  of.  .  . 

Towels, 

Sheets,. 

jiattrasses, 

Jarpets, • .  . 

Bed  Spreads, 

Pillows, 


253 

60 

151 

150 

103 

119 

56 

3 

9 

9 


Pieces  repaired, 4,220 

WASH     ROOM, 

Number  pieces  washed  and  ironed  during  the  year,.  .  .  .35,811 

SHOE     SHOP. 

Commenced  Sept.  24th,  1860,  with  two  boys  and  a  man. 

Shoes  made  for  the  boys,  pairs  of,  - 65 

Boots,  pairs  of, 1 

Pairs  repaired, ^ 


No.  1. 


97 


GARDEN  AND  FARM. 


Articles  -Produced. 

Amount. 

1               Work  Performed. 

1 

Number. 

I 

Bushs.  potatoes  raised, . 

654 

Rods  of  carriage  drives 

"       peas             " 
"       beans           " 

G 

made, 

250 

Rods  of  footpaths  made. 

150 

"       carrots         " 

8 

No.  of  fruit  trees  set  out, 

275 

"       tomatoes      " 

8 

Number  of  forest  trees. 

Dozens  of  sweet  corn,  . 

471 

including  Am.  Larch, 

Bushels  of  onions, 

9 

spruce,     white     and 

Number  of  cabbages, .  . 

225 

yellow  pine,  hemlock. 

Pumpkins  and  squashes. 

594 

and  Arbor  Vitae, .  . . 

4231 

Bush,  rutabaga  turnips. 

119 

Number  of  ornamental 

''     round  turnips, .  .  . 

10 

desiduous  trees  from 

"     of  corn, 

226 

nursery,    set   out,  in- 
cluding     ornamental 

Barrels  of  cucumbers, .  . 

7 

Loads  of  melons, 

4 

121 

shrubs, 

28 

Radishes,  dozen  of. ... . 

Total  No.  trees  set  out, . 

4534 

Corn  fodder,  loads  of. .  . 

12 

No.  feet  of  sewers  made. 

162 

No.  lbs.  of  pork  fatted, 

2750 

No.mounds  constructed, 
One  Rustic  grape  arbor 
made. 

4 

Remarks. — All  the  above  improvements  have  been  accom- 
plished since  the  first  of  July,  and  have  been  performed  mostly 
by  the  Inmates  of  the  School. 

The  foregoing  tables  teach  a  lesson  both  instructive  and  im- 
pressive. The  history  of  any  sixty  boys  who  are  proper  sub- 
jects for  reformatory  training,  cannot  but  contain  facts  preg- 
nant with  interest  to  every  well  wisher  of  the  human  family. 
To  know  of  their  home  education,  the  enticing  cause  from  vir- 
tue's paths,  to  number  the  wounds  in  the  human  soul  which 
have  been  laid  open  by  words  of  unkindness  ;  to  behold  the 
scars  which  tell  of  parental  neglect ;  to  watch  the  progress  of 
the  tempted  and  neglected  one  in  the  paths  of  vice  and  crime, 
is  a  history  which  commends  itself  alike  to  philantropists, 
moral  teachers  and  law  makers  as  a  book  of  facts,  which  should 
be  calmly  considered  and  attentively  studied. 

I  regret  that  these  tables  are  not  more  complete.  My  ap- 
pointment to  the   responsible  post  of   Superintendent  of  the 

School  being  of  so  recent  a  date,  more  than  half  of  the  year 
13 


98  Doc. 

having  expired  before  I  entered  upon  the  duties  of  my  ofl&ce,  and 
even  after  I  did  enter  upon  my  virork,  I  found  it  a  work  of  such 
magnitude  in  regulating  the  discipline  of  the  School,  planning 
for  the  moral  elevation  of  the  boys  I  had  been  called  to  care 
for  :  in  fine,  I  found  myself  afloat  upon  a  perfect  sea  of  business, 
care  and  anxiety  of  mind,  yet  every  moment  I  could  command 
from  the  necessary  and  pressing  calls  of  duty,  I  have  devo- 
ted to  enlarging  my  compass  of  facts  to  spread  before  your 
honorable  Board. 

But  apart  from  these  tables  v^hich  give  so  much  important 
and  useful  information  in  regard  to  the  workings  of  the  School 
for  the  past  year,  there  are  a  few  suggetions  which  we  wish  to 
offer  which  cannot  be  reduced  to  the  tabular  form.  These 
thoughts  will  pertain  to  the  general  condition  and  prosperity  of 
the  School,  which,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  we  shall  consider 
under  separate  topics,  as  follows  : 

LABOR  DEPARTMENT. 

It  is  a  fact  universally  recognized  that  labor  is  an  indispen- 
sable agency  in  the  reformation  of  wayward  youth.     Many,  if 
not  a  majority  of  the  proper  subjects  of  reformatory  training, . 
have  found  their  way  to  these  Institutions  because  destitute  of 
well  formed  habits  of  industry. 

This  doctrine,  that  labor  is  an  indispensable  agency  in  the 
reformation  of  wayward  youth,  has  long  since  passed  into  a 
proverb.  Tjie  Roman  adage  was  written  of  old,  "  Nehil  agendo 
male  agere  discimus,"  (by  doing  nothing  we  learn  to  do  mischief,) 
is  a  truth  as  generally  believed,  as  it  is  widely  circulated. 

There  is  but  one  question  as  regards  labor,  upon  which  refor- 
matories have  divided,  and  that  has  been  as  to  the  manner  in 
which  these  boys  should  be  employed.  What  kind  of  labor 
pays  the  best,  morally  ?  Is  there  any  kind  of  labor  which  does 
not  contribute  towards  the  reformation  of  the  delinquent  ? 

All  these  questions  must  be  fairly  met  and  carefully  consid- 
ered by  the  friends  of  Juvenile  Reform. 

As  to  the  fact  whether  there  is  any  species  of  labor  which 


No.  *?.  99 

does  not  contribute  towards  the  reformation  of  the  delinquent, 
we  desire  to  quote  the  views  of  a  distinguished  philanthropist 
living  in  Bristol,  England,  and  who  has  been  for  years  interested 
in  Reformatory  education,  and  has  written  largely  upon  the  sub 
ject  of  Juvenile  Reform,  whose  views,  therefore,  are  entitled  to 
to  the  greatest  respect.  In  her  evidence  which  she  gave  before 
the  committee  appointed  by  the  House  of  Commons  to  take  evi- 
dence upon  the  subject  of  CRimNAL  and  Destitute  Juveniles, 
page  96,  question  819,  she  speaks  as  follows  :  "  Now  we  have 
heard  from  Lieutenant  Tracy,  that  he  found  picking  oakum  a 
very  useless  occupation  for  the  boys  ;  that  their  minds  are  not 
enlisted  in  it,  that  thev  do  not  take  Dleasure  in  it ;  if  thov  did 
they  have  no  object  in  doing  it ;  but  when  a  boy  is  engaged  in 
labor  which  calls  out  his  varied  powers,  in  which  besides  he  hag 
an  object  in  view,  and  where  his  excitability  is  worked  off,  his 
will  is  enlisted  in  the  work." 

Now  the  above  views  are  worthy  of  all  deference,  not  only 
because  they  are  spoken  by  one  deeply  versed  in  Reforma.tory 
education,  but  because  of  their  agreement  with  experience  upon 
this  subject. 

I  am  aware  that  different  views  have  been  expressed  and 
acted  upon  by  persons  who  have  been  reputed  wise  ;  yet  I  can- 
not but  believe  that  the  intelligent  and  common-sense  views  ex- 
pressed in  the  above  extract,  by  Miss  Carpenter,  will  be  heurtUy 
acknowledged  by  every  Reformatory  Teacher. 

As  to  the  question,  "  What  kind  of  Reformatory  labor  pays 
the  best,  morally  ?  "  I  would  answer,  that  it  has  been  my  settled 
conviction  for  more  than  three  years  past,  based  upon  such 
facts  from  the  experience  of  others  and  my  own,  as  I  have  been 
enabled  to  gather,  that  no  species  of  labor  tends  more  rapidly 
to  .develop  the  whole  man,  physically,  intellectually,  and  mor- 
ally, than  Agricultural  employment.  It  is  congenial  to  a  boy's 
nature  to  work  on  a  farm.  There  is  no  kind  of  work  which 
suits  equally  well  the  activities  of  boyhood.  But  in  order  to 
do  this  kind  of  work  successfully,  ample  room  must  be  provided, 
a  farm  of  ample  dimensions  should  be  furnished,  large  enougli 


100  Doc. 

to  furnish  every  20  or  40  boys  with  a  building  spot  for  a  dwel- 
ling house,  thus  making  a  neighborhood  of  Reformatories,  where 
schools  and  church  privileges  are  furnished  in  common  for  all. 
Wherever  this  plan  has  prevailed  it  has  been  a  success. 

Successful  experiments  of  this  kind  of  Reformatory  labor 
may  be  found  at  the  Red  Hill  School,  near  London,  Metray, 
near  Tours,  in  France,  and  the  Rough  House,  near  Hamburgh, 
Germany. 

But  in  case  the  Institution  is  located  in  a  large  city  where 
land  cannot  be  obtained,  unless  at  a  vast  outlay  of  expense,  or 
where  the  facilities  for  extensive  farming  are  not  furnished,  of 
course  the  managers  of  Reformatories  must  look  in  other  direc- 
tions for  employment  for  the  inmates  of  these  schools. 

Next  to  be  preferred  to  Agricultural  is  Mechanical  labor. 

Here  again  there  is  a  choice  as  to  the  best  mechanical  labor 
for  Reformatories.  Some  branches  of  mechanical  labor  as  refor- 
matory agencies  are  greatly  to  be  preferred  to  others.  For 
example,  take  that  kind  where  machinery  is  used,  and  where 
there  is  no  machinery,  and  the  former  is  greatly  to  be  preferred 
to  the  latter,  nor  is  the  reason  of  this  preference  groundless,  for 
it  has  its  foundation  in  the  peculiar  constitution  of  boyhood. 
Boys  are  fond  of  noise  and  bustle.  Life  is  all  astir  in  the  earlier 
days  of  childhood.  The  more  stir  and  noise,  the  better  pleased 
the  child.  With  this  understanding  of  things,  we  see  why  a 
boy  who  is  placed  in  a  tailor's  shop  or  on  a  shoemaker's  bench, 
feels  all  the  burdens  of  labor,  while  a  boy  amid  spindles  and 
wheels,  urged  on  by  the  puff  of  steam,  feels  that  his  work  is 
but  a  pleasant  pastime. 

The  reason  for  this  difference  is  apparent ;  the  one  has  an 
employment  congenial  to  his  nature,  where  his  boyish  activities 
have  full  scope,  while  the  other  has  not. 

In  connection  with  our  own  shops,  more  than  once  I  have  had 
occasion  to  mark  this  difference.  Let  our  machinery  stop  to 
repair  a  belt,  to  lessen  or  increase  the  friction,  and  how  soon  is 
the  magic  power  of  machinery  felt — how  soon  seen  in  the  labor 
of  the  boys.     Their  motions   are  less  rapid,   enthusiasm  dies,, 


No.  T.  101 

interest  in  labor  flags,  and  that  employment  which  was  but  a 
moment  since  regarded  in  the  light  of  an  agreeable  pastime, 
now  becomes  burdensome  ;  but  the  belt  is  repaired  or  friction  is 
increased  or  lessened,  the  well  known  puff  of  steam  is  heard, 
the  wheels  move,  the  din  of  machinery  resuscitates  the  dying 
zeal  and  ardor  of  the  boys,  enthusiasm  is  rekindled  and  the 
accustomed  cheerfulness  restored.  Our  boys  love  to  work  in 
the  shops,  and  I  know  of  no  better  mechanical  labor,  as  a  refor- 
matory agency,  than  that  in  which  our  boys  are  employed. 

We  have,  at  present,  five  shops  where  the  inmates  are  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  chairs,  under  a  contract  of  Messrs. 
Woodhouse  &  Butler.  Besides  the  chair  shops,  we  employ  two 
boys  in  a  shoe  shop  ;  these  two  boys,  together  with  the  shoe- 
maker, have  furnished  shoes  for  the  inmates  of  the  school.  In 
our  tailor's  shop  we  have  six  boys,  who,  under  the  direction  of 
a  tailor,  do  all  the  sewing,  making  and  mending  for  the  school. 
For  the  results  of  the  labor  of  the  two  shops  last  spoken  of, 
see  Table  No.  10.  We  have,  also,  employed  about  a  dozen  boys 
about  the  establishment  in  the  dining  hall,  kitchen,  dormitories, 
bake  room  and  laundry.  Within  the  last  two  months  we  have 
also  employed  a  number  of  boys  outside,  on  the  farm  and  in 
fitting  up  the  ornamental  part  of  the  front  yard. 

I  cannot  close  the  topic  without  bearing  testimony  to  the 
general  spirit  of  industry  which  has  prevailed  among  the 
inmates  of  this  school  since  my  connection  with  it. 

A  willing  spirit  has  pervaded  nearly  the  whole  mass,  to  do 
according  to  their  ability,  and  to  do  what  they  do  with  cheer- 
fulness. These  boys,  even  after  their  days  work  in  the  shop  is 
completed,  are  ever  ready  and  willing  to  engage  in  any  species 
of  labor  which  the  exigencies  of  the  case  may  require.  Th€ 
State  of  Michigan,  for  all  its  care  and  outlay  of  expense  in  the 
education  of  these  boys,  has  reason  to  look  forward  to  the  time 
when  she  will  receive  an  ample  reward  for  all  her  care,  in 
receiving  them  into  society  as  industrious  members  of  the 
aame. 


102  Doe. 

GOVERNMENT   AKD   DISCIPLINE. 

Our  model  for  imitation  in  government  and  discipline  is  the 
Family.  The  motto  of  the  house,  which,  displayed  in  a  con- 
spicuous manner,  in  all  of  our  most  important  rooms,  is,  "  We 
are  aU  one  family"  In  accordance  with  this  motto,  the  Super- 
intendent and  his  family,  and  the  resident  officers  and  helpers 
of  the  School,  eat  with  the  boys  in  a  common  dining  hall.  Our 
boys  are  graded  into  seven  classes  ;  each  class  has  its  chief, 
who  presides  at  the  table  during  meals.  Each  class  has  its 
motto,  except  the  fifth,  which  has  a  motto  in  common  with  the 
sixth  class.  The  motto  of  the  Most  Honorable  class  is,  '^  Hon- 
or to  xchoTTi  Honor  is  due.^'  That  of  the  first  class  is,  ^^  Excd- 
sior."  That  of  the  second  class  is,  "  Onward  and  upward^ 
"  Perseverence  conquers  all  things,"  is  the  motto  of  the  third 
olass.  The  fourth  class  is  the  one  in  which  each  new  comer  is 
graded.  The  motto  of  this  class  is,  "  Virtue,  Honor,  and  Hap- 
piness— Vice,  degredation,  and  Misery :  Choose  ye."  This 
class  is  called  the  choosing  class.  The  classes  in  the  downward 
grades  are  the  fifth  and  sixth.  The  motto  of  these  two  classes 
is,  "  The  way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard." 

The  grades  are  read  on  the  first  Sabbath  of  each  month, 
connected  with  appropriate  religious  exercises,  at  which  times 
boys  are  received  into  the  "most  honorable  grade,"  when  their 
names  are  recorded  in  the  red  book,  entitled  the  ^^  Book  of  Hon- 
orP  Boys,  on  the  other  hand,  who  go  down  to  the  sixth  class, 
tiheir  names  go  into  the  "  Black  BookP 

The  greatest  familiarity  exists  between  the  Superintendent  of 
the  School  and  the  pupils.  My  room  is  at  all  times  accessible; 
to  those  who  desire  counsel  and  sympathy. 

Complaints  from  the  work-shop,  school-room,  and  from  every 
other  source,  are  recorded  by  the  principal  teacher,  in  a  Com,- 
plaint  book  kept  for  this  purpose,  and  at  morning  prayers  on 
each  day  of  the  week,  except  the  Sabbath,  these  cases  come 
up  and  are  disposed  of,  according  to  their  respective  merits. 
The  disposition  made  of  these  cases  is  also  a  matter  of  record 
in  the  Complaint  book. 


No.  t.  •  103 

The  punishments  used  in  this  Institution  are  deprivation  of 
privilege,  sending  the  offender  to  his  room,  or  restricting  his 
diet.  Corporal  punishment  has  not  been  inflicted  since  my 
term  of  service  has  commenced.  We  have  no  dungeons  in  the 
Institution.  Our  dormitories  are  arranged  with  separate 
rooms.  In  the  new  dormitories  the  Most  Honorable  class,  and 
first,  and  a  portion  of  the  second  class,  have  their  rooms.  These 
rooms  are  not  locked,  nor  have  they  been  locked  for  the  last 
three  months  past.  In  the  lower  tier  of  rooms  in  the  old  dormi- 
tory all  those  boys  in  the  second  class  who  are  not  in  the  new 
dormitory,  and  the  members  of  the  third  class  have  recently 
had  their  locks  taken  cff,  and  the  sane  privileges  of  freedom 
are  granted  to  these  classes  which  are  enjoyed  by  the  new  dor- 
mitory boys.  Our  rewards  for  good  conduct  are  an  extension 
of  privilege. 

My  door-keepers  have  been  chosen  from  among  the  inmates 
of  the  school  from  the  second  day  after  I  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  my  office.  Since  I  have  been  on  the  ground,  no  less 
than  62  boys  have  worked  on  the  outsidfe  with  their  superinten- 
dent at  the  same  time  with  no  other  guard  except  inmates,. 
Numbers  of  boys  have  visited  the  town  alone  and  sometimet> 
after  dark.  The  trees  which  adorn  our  front  yard  have  been 
obtained  by  the  boys  from  6  to  25  miles  distant,  with  a  teamster 
to  drive  the  team,  leaving  the  8  or  10  large  boys  to  look  after 
themselves. 

This  principle  of  trust  has  infused  itself  into  the  whole  school. 
The  officers  trust  the-  boys  and  find  that  they  have  trustwoi'thy 
boys  to  confide  in. 

At  first,  for  the  sake  of  the  doubting  ones,  for  they  were  many, 
we  used  great  caution  in  the  liberties  we  gave  our  boys.  Many 
were  the  timely  remarks  which  were  quietly  whispered  in  my 
ear,  "you  don't  understand  the  character  of  the  material  with 
which  you  deal."  "  These  boys  are  not  like  your  Chicago  boys, 
they  are  older  and  more  experienced  in  crime."     One  trial  after 


104  Doc. 

another  has  removed  the  doubts  of  this  one,  and  strengthened 
the  faith  of  that  one,  and  I  cannot  but  hope  that  day  will  come 
when  the  inmates  of  the  Michigan  State  Reform  School  will 
enjoy  all  the  privileges  that  are  enjoyed  by  any  well  regulated 
family  in  our  land.  God  speed  the  day,  when  these  doubts  as 
to  the  fact  whether  words  of  kindness,  and  acts  of  sympathy 
are  better  suited  to  reform  these  poor  unfortunate  boys  who 
have  been  set  afloat  upon  life's  rough  sea,  with  no  one  to  give 
them  a  friendly  hint  as  to  the  course  they  ought  to  steer,  or 
counsel  them  how  the  ship  of  life  is  to  be  manned,  than  are 
stern  looks,  acts  of  cruelty,  whips,  reproof  without  sympathy, 
dungeons  and  words  of  unkindness. 

Experience  has  reiterated  the  truth  of  the  words  of  a  distin- 
guished American  philanthropist,  again  and  again,  "that  which 
blows,  bars,  and  dungeons  have  failed  to  do,  has  been  easily 
accomplished  by  kind  words  and  acts  of  sympathy." 

MORAL  INSTRUCTION. 

Morning  and  evening  the  whole  family  assemble  in  the  school 
room  for  prayers.  At  these  morning  and  evening  gatherings, 
addresses  are  often  made  suited  to  the  condition  of  the  school. 
A  bad  habit  is  pointed  out,  and  the  way  it  is  to  be  rooted  up 
explained  ;  praiseworthy  acts  commended  and  their  influence 
upon  the  future  life  of  the  inmate  foretold.  Besides  all  this, 
each  day  is  commenced  with  a  watchword,  given  at  the  close 
of  morning  prayers,  to  the  school. 

This  watchword  is  a  sententious  saying  of  the  ancient-s,  cho- 
sen with  reference  to  its  adaptability  to  the  wants  and  condition 
of  the  school.  For  example,  some  boy  has  done  a  wrong  and 
has  not  the  manliness  to  come  out  boldly  and  confess  it,  think- 
ing that  he  will  not  be  found  out.  Thus  the  motto  of  the  day 
runs  thus:  ^^ Daylight  will  peep  through  a  small  hole."'  Is  the 
boy  disposed  to  be  wasteful?  if  so,  the  watcliwutd  of  tl:e  day 
would  be  :  ''A  small  leak  will  sink  a  f<Iiip."  A  boy  ruii^  away 
and  is  brought  back,  and  the  motto  of  the  next  morning  would 
read  as  follows  :  "  Haste  trips  up  its  own  heelsP 


No.  t.  106 

These  mottoes  are  repeated  after  the  Superintendent,  in  con- 
cert, by  the  school.  If  by  chance  the  motto  should  be  forgotton, 
many  voices  cry  out  "The  Motto  !  The  Motto  !" 

Besides  all  this  instruction  given  at  morning  and  evening 
prayers,  we  have  our  chapel,  school  room,  dining  hall  and  work 
shops  adorned  with  appropriate  mottoes,  so  that  the  eye  may 
all  the  time  come  in  contact  with  moral  truth.  Some  of  these 
mottoes  read  as  follows  :  "  Opportunities  are  passing."  "  Th£ 
diligent  hand  maketh  rich"  "■  God's  eye  is  upon  me."  ''Wisdom 
i^  the  principal  thing — therefore  get  Wisdom"  dc. 
■  It  has  been  my  experience  that  this  class  of  boys  are  in- 
fluenced very  much  by  the  eye  ;  thus  those  Eeformatories  in 
this  country  and  in  Europe  have  been  the  most  successful  in 
planting  truth  in  the  heart  where  the  eye  has  been  appealed  to 
by  placards,  statues,  minerals,  cabinets  and  flower  gardens. 

Upon  the  Sabbaths  we  have  preaching  in  the  forenoon  and 
Sabbath  School  in  the  afternoon.  The  Superintendent  of  the 
School  officiates  in  the  morning,  while  Mr.  Johnson,  our  princi- 
pal teacher,  conducts  the  afternoon  service. 

Addresses  are  often  made  to  the  School  at  the  conclusion  of 
the  lesson.  But  I  will  refer  your  Honorable  Board  for  further 
information  upon  this  subject  t©  the  accompanying  report  of 
our  principal  Teacher,  who  has  the  Sabbath  School  under  his 
particular  supervision.  But  we  must  not  omit  in  our  enumera- 
tion of  moral  teaching,  vocal  music.  Too  much  praise  cannot 
be  bestowed  upon  the  commendable  eff"orts  of  Mr.  C.  B.  Robin- 
son, the  Assistant  Superintendent,  in  his  efforts  to  instruct  the 
inmates  of  the  School  in  vocal  music.  I  think  I  never  saw 
a  company  of  boys  who  were  better  trained  in  vocal  music, 
understanding  the  different  parts,  and  the  science  of  the  thing, 
than  are  these  boys.  All  who  hear  them  sing  are  willing  to 
bear  this  testimony  in  their  behalf.  Mr.  Robinson  certainly  has 
reason  to  congratulate  himself  that  he  has  not  spent  his 
strength  for  naught  in  his  efforts  to  instruct  these  boys  in  this 
useful  and  delightful  science. 

14 


10&  Doc. 

Our  moral  instruction  is  not  confined  to  the  Sabbath,  to  morn- 
ing and  evening  prayers,  but  it  is  given  on  play-ground,  in  the 
school-room,  work-shop,  at  the  table,  in  the  field,  by  the  way- 
side, here  a  little,  there  a  little.  In  fine,  this  instruction  is  but 
a  "  continual  dropping."  Bad  habits  are  held  up  and  exposed. 
The  good  are  encouraged — the  weak  are  strengthened^ — the 
timid  are  emboldened— the  smoking  flax  is  not  quenched.  The 
faintest  aspiration  in  the  direction  of  right  is  rewarded.  All 
feel  that  life  is  real,  that  life  should  be  earnest,  that  each  has 
his  part  to  perform  in  life's  drama  ;  that  each  should  stand  in 
bis  appointed  lot.  Why,  then,  should  not  our  faith  gather 
strength  as  we  look  towards  the  future  ?  Who  has  a  right  to 
forbid  us  to  hope  much  for  the  future,  trusting  in  God's  bless- 
ing. 

SCHOOL   DEPARTMENT, 

Upon  this  topic  it  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  enlarge,  for  tlie 
report  of  the  Eev.  Chas.  Johnson,  our  principal  Teacher,  gives 
you  the  needed  information.  Yet  it  will  not  come  amiss  for  me 
to  say  in  this  connection,  that  I  consider  the  School  exceedingly 
fortunate  that  the  services  of  a  christian  gentleman  in  every 
respect  so  well  qualified  for  the  duties  of  his  office,  has 
been  secured  to  this  Institution.  I  have  often  visited  the 
school-room  during  School  hours,  and  take  pleasure  in  bearing- 
testimony  to  the  desire  manifested  on  the  part  of  the  pupils,  to 
acquire  knowledge,  and  the  aptness  of  our  teachers  to  commu- 
nicate instruction. 

HEALTH    DEPARTMENT. 

We  are  under  the  necessity  of  recording  the  second  death 
which  has  occurred  in  the  school  since  it  opened,  four  yeara 
since. 

The  boy  who  died,  was  Elijah  Lathrop  ;  he  had  been  in  the 
school  for  about  a  year,  and  was  about  prepared  to  go  forth  to 
the  world  when  ■  he  was  taken  sick.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  in  the  First  Class.  We  had  no  thought  of  his  leaving 
us  so  soon,  for  he  was  out  in  the  yard  but  a  week  previous  to 


No.  t.  .  lot 

his  death.  His  diseas(3  and  the  particulars  connected  therewith, 
are  fully  set  forth  in  the  report  of  the  Physician. 

Apart  from  this  case  we  have  had  no  very  serious  sickness 
since  my  residence  here,  although  a  large  number  of  ague  cases 
and  chills  and  fever  have  appeared  amongst  us  in  the  season 
for  the  recurrence  of  this  miasmatic  difficulty.  All  of  the  offi- 
cers and  helpers  of  the  school  have  suflered  with  the  ague  in 
common  vfiih  the  inmates. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  bear  testimony  to  the  attention 
of  Doct.  I.  H.  Bartholomew,  our  Physician,  to  the  wants  of  the 
sici:,  in  promptly  answering  our  numerous  calls  during  the 
sickly  season. 

All  of  our  cases  have,  under  the  care  of  our  skillful  Physician, 
readily  yielded  to  treatment,  and  in  very  many  cases  the 
patients  have  not  required  a  second  visit  of  the  physician. 

But  I  must  not  further  enlarge  upon  this  topic,  for  a  full 
report  will  be  given  you  upon  this  subject  by  the  Physician  of 
•the  Institution.  Let  me  conclude,  therefore,  by  offering  my 
grateful  acknowledgments  to  the  Physician  for  his  kind  and 
considerate  attention  to  the  wants  of  the  sick,  and  his  prompt- 
ness in  responding  to  all  of  our  calls. 

RECOMMENDATIONS. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  framers  of  our  law  have  had  it  so 
constructed  that  both  male  and  female  juvenile  delinquents 
could  have  the  advantage  of  this  school.  Now,  however  desir- 
able it  may  be  to  have  the  same  privilege  extended  to  girls 
which  is  now  given  to  boys,  yet  with  the  present  arrangement 
and  construction  of  our  buildings,  such  a  state  of  things  would 
be  wholly  impracticable.  In  the  first  place  it  has  been  the  ex- 
perience of  Reformatory  men,  that  these  twt>  classes  cannot  be 
safely  educated  together  unless  the  most  thorough  separation 
be  had. 

Even  where  the  buildings  have  been  so  constructed  as  to  ad- 
mit a  most  perfect  separation,  yet  having  the  two  sexes  in  the- 
immediate  neighborhood,  has,  in  man^'^  cases,  resulted  in  great 


408  Doc. 

trouble  to  the  managers  of  these  schools,  an  increase  of  care  to 
House  Officers,  and  has  been,  in  many  cases,  attended  with  great 
hindrance  to  the  cause  of  reform  in  both  sexes  who  have  thus 
been  brought  near  each  other.  But  our  buildings  have  been  so 
constructed,  whether  by  design  or  not,  I  cannot  tell,  that  girls 
could  not  be  taken  into  our  school,  unless  it  be  to  the  peril  of 
the  Reformation  of  the  boys.  Under  our  present  system  of 
government,  where  the  moral  elevation  of  the  boy  is  soug-ht  for, 
by  moral  means,  even  one  girl  might  imperil  the  reformation  of 
fifty  boys. 

Again,  another  item  to  which  we  desire  to  turn  the  attention 
of  your  Honorable  Body,  is  the  necessity  of  the  State  of  either 
building  cheap  tenements  or  purchasing  those  that  are  already 
built  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Reform  School  for  the  use 
of  such  officers  who  have  families  and  cannot  be  comfortably 
accommodated  in  our  Reform  School  Buildings.  At  the  present 
time  some  of  our  most  efficient  help  live  at  such  a  distance  from 
the  Institution,  that  in  case  of  fire  or  any  other  disaster  in  the 
night  time  occurring,  we  could  have  no  advantage  of  their 
immediate  help,  to  say  nothitig  of  the  great  inconvenience  we 
put  these  officers  fo  in  going  to  and  fro  from  the  Institution  to 
their  homes. 

The  purchase  of  land  with  a  house  upon  it,  in  our  immediate 
neighborhood,  large  enough,  with  a  small  addition,  for  two  fam- 
ilies, might,  I  think,  be  obtained  for  the  school  on  such  terms  as 
would  greatly  result  to  the  advantage  of  the  State.  We  need 
a  few  more  acres  of  land  to  add  to  our  domain,  which,  if  we 
had,  we  could  add  very  much  to  our  self  support  and  thus  lessen 
the  burdens  of  the  State  in  our  support,  while  at  the  same  time 
we  might  derive  more  advantage  from  the  officers  and  helpers 
of  the  school. 

IMPROVEMENTS. 

In  our  remarks  upon  this  topic,  we  shall  not  be  able  to  date 
back  to  a  period  prior  to  the  time  when  the  present  Superin- 
tendent entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office. 


No.  7.  109 

The  Tiumber  of  boys  wbich  I  found  in  tbe  School  when  I 
came,  and  the  gradual  additions  made  to  their  number,  soon 
made  it  apparent  that  our  eating  room  was  becoming  too  strait 
for  our  numbers;  thus,  our  dining  hall  has  been  enlarged  by 
the  removal  of  the  bathing  tank  from  the  small  room  adjacent 
to  the  dining  hall,  and  the  connecting  two  other  rooms  with  the 
original  dining  hall.  This  addition  to  the  dimensions  of  our 
eating  room  makes  us  a  most  pleasant  and  comfortable  hall. 
The  room  thus  enlarged  gave  us  an  opportunity  to  carry  out 
our  cherished  views  upon  the  i&milj  system.  The  room  once 
prepared,  received  the  table  of  the  Superintendent,  his  family, 
and  the  other  officers  and  helpers  of  the  School.  The  effect  of 
this  change  upon  the  inmates  is  most  hopeful  for  the  future, 
indicating  that  this  means  as  a  Reformatory  agency,  is  one  not 
to  be  lost  sight  of  in  seeking  to  reform  wayward  youth. 

The  old  wing  has  also  been  undergoing  a  renovation,  and 
much  of  its  gloomy  appearance  has  been  dispelled,  by  paint, 
white-wash  and  plaster. 

The  old  school-room  has  been  changed  into  a  reading  room, 
for  the  privileged  class  of  boys,  w^here,  at  proper  times,  they 
may  resort  to  read  secular  and  religious  journals,  and  such  pe- 
riodicals as  are  furnished  for  the  School.  Another  fine  room 
has  been  fitted  up  as  a  medicine  room,  where  all  the  things  are 
kept  which  the  sick  room  requires  in  the  line  of  medicinal 
agents. 

Corresponding  changes  have  been  made  through  nearly  all 
the  rooms  of  the  old  building.  These  improvements  have  been 
accomplished  at  a  moderate  expense  to  the  State,  while  their 
advantage  to  us  in  enabling  us  to  carry  out  our  system  of  gov- 
ernment has  been  of  first  importance. 

After  the  recent  fire  had  demolished  one  of  our  work-shops, 
and  that  one  where  the  machinery  was  principally  located,  a 
large  number  of  boys  were  suddenly  thrown  upon  our  hands  for 
us  to  provide  with  labor.  At  first  it  appeared  to  be  a  task 
to  provide  labor  outside  for  75  boys,  who  had  been  so  long  ac- 
customed to  confinement,  many  of  whom  had  never  been   out- 


110  Doc. 

side  the  fence  since  they  had  "come  inside;  jet  the  necessity- 
was  forced  upon  me,  and  I  resolved  to  lay  out  and  fit  up  the 
front  yard,  with  proper  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs. 

The  front  yard  (a  five  acre  lot)  was  first  divested  of  its  corn 
crop,  and  then  laid  out  with  appropriate  drives,  foot-paths, 
mounds  and  lawns,  adorned  with  a  great  variety  of  deciduous 
and  ornamental  trees.  The  4,000  trees,  referred  to  in  table  10, 
were  obtained  from  our  neighboring-  forest,  the  evergreen  spec- 
imens, hemlock,  spruce,  white  and  yellow  pine,  with  the  arbor 
vitse,  were  obtained  by  our  boys  from  6  to  25  miles  distant. 

After  the  completion  of  our  front  yard  improvements,  we 
commenced  to  lay  out  and  adorn  our  fruit  garden,  an  adjacent 
five  acre  lot.  We  have,  by  the  help  of  our  boys,  been  enabled 
to  construct  our  carriage  drives  and  foot-paths,  adorned  by  a 
good  selection  of  apples,  pears,  peaches,  plum,  cherry,  quince, 
grape,  currant  and  gooseberry. 

In  this  outside  work  a  vast  amount  of  labor  has  been  per- 
formed by  the  boys.  They  have  manifested  in  these  improve- 
ments the  greatest  zeal  and  interest,  and  have  worked  with  a 
will  for  their  accomplishment. 

In  all  of  these  outside  improvements,  notwithstanding  the 
amount  done,  the  State  has  not  been  taxed.  The  grounds  have 
been  immeasurably  improved,  while  there  has  been,  it  is  to  be 
lioped,  a  corresponding  improvement  in  the  physical,  intellect- 
ual and  moral  being  of  the  boys.  Thus  while  the  State  has  suf- 
fered no  loss  as  regards  pecuniary  consideration,  the  inmates 
of  the  Michigan  State  Reform  School  have  been  gainers  by  the 
operation. 

CONCLUSION. 

1  cannot  close  this  report  without  referring  to  the  very  pleas- 
ant, although  short  acquaintance,  we  have  had  with  each  of  the 
members  of  your  Board.  Your  courteDus  bearing  towards  me 
and  mine,  since  my  arrival  in  my  new  home,  and  the  sympathy 
jou  have  expressed  in  my  plans,  and  the  encouragement  and 
confidence  you  have  given  me,  has  bound  me  to  each  of  you  by 
a,  cord  which  I  hope  will  never  be  less  strong  than  it  is  to-day. 


m  t.  Ill 

I  oould  not  but  deeply  regret  that  one  of  your  body,  Dr.  H.  B. 
Shank,  has  felt  that  he  was  called  upon  to  resign  his  charge  as 
a  member  of  the  Board,  when  his  views  upon  reformatory  sub- 
jects seem  eo  peculiarly  to  fit  him  to  serve  his  country  and 
the  cause  of  common  humanity,  in  this  capacity;  yet,  while  he 
does  go  forth  from  your  Board,  I  rejoice  that  he  goes  not  forth 
to  rest  from  his  well  earned  toil  in  the  reformatory  work,  but 
to  serve  his  country  in  a  still  more  public  capacity,  as  one  of 
her  law-makers.  The  Doctor  will  carry  to  the  State  Legisla- 
ture the  best  wishes  of  tlie  officers  and  inmates  of  the  Michigan 
State  Reform  School. 

I  cannot  close  witbo^it  p<.>tioini>;  tbe  fs'^t  that  a  most  hearty 
concurrence  of  feeling  and  action  has  existed  between  our  gen- 
tlemenly  contractors,  Messrs.  Woodhouse  &  Butler,  in  seeking 
to  promote  the  welfare  and  Reformation  of  these  boys,  and 
the  officers  of  the  school.  Notwitstanding  their  pecuniary  in- 
terest may  suffer  by  the  removal  of  boys  from  the  shops  to  send 
them  forth,  when  reformed,  to  the  world,  yet  they  have  always 
manifested  to  me  a  most  hearty  co-operation  in  the  designs  and 
plans  of  this  school,  and  have  put  forth  commendable  efforts  to 
encourage  and  elevate  the  boys  in  their  employ,  by  exciting 
within  them  aspirations  after  complete  manhood.  In  contract- 
ing the  boys  to  such  gentlemen,  I .  think  you  have  manifested 
great  wisdom,  and  that  the  State  has  reason  to  congratulate  her 
good  fortune  in  having  her  children  employed  by  gentlemen 
whose  sympathies  so  perfectly  harmonize  with  the  officers  of 
this  school  in  promoting  the  ends  of  reformation. 

Now,  gentlemen,  in  conclusion,  I  cannot  but  devoutly  wish 
that  our  kind  and  induls^ent  Father  in  Heaven  will  still  continue 
to  give  us  indications  of  his  presence  and  grace  in  our  midst, 
and  that  these  hopeful  indications  of  future  good,  now  so  clearly 
seen  in  a  large  majority  of  these  boys,  may  be  fully  realized  in 
days  to  come.  Gentlemen,  the  work  in  which  your  sympathies 
are  enlisted,  and  in  which  your  energies  are  embarked,  is  a  pay- 
ing work  5  it  will  pay  the  State  well  for  all  her  care,  it  will  pay 
the  Board  well  for  all  their  solicitude,  it  will  pay  the  faithful 


112  Doc.  No.  T. 

worker  for  all  his  pains.     It  will  pay  well  in  time,  and  in  the 
day  of  eternity  it  will   be   said  to  the  faithful  laborer  in  the 
Reformatory  field  :  "  Inasmuch  as  ye  have  done  it  unto  one  of 
the  least  of  these,  my  brethren,  ye  have  done  it  unto  rae." 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

D.  B.  NICHOLS, 

Supt.  of  Mich.  State  Reform  Schod 


TEACHER'S    REPORT. 


To  the  Board  of  Control  of  the  State  Beform  School : 

Gentlemen — Table  1st  shows  tlie  literary  attainments  of  the 
60  boys  received  into  the  School  Department  of  this  Institution 
during  the  year  ending  Nov.  16,  1860  : 

Sec.  1st — Beading. 

No.  who  do  not  know  the  alphabet, 1 

"         can  read  easy  words, 25 

"       sentences, 25 

sentences  generally, 9 


a  It 


Total, .  60 

Sec.  2d — Writing. 

¥o.  who  cannot  write, 32 

"         can  write  their  names, 13 

"  "  sentences  generally, 15 

Total, 60 

Sec.  3c? — Arithmetic. 

No.   entirely  ignorant, 30 

No.  who  have  studied  primary, 1*7 

"  "     some  acquaintance  with  fundamental  rules  of 

written, 9 

No.  who  have  studied  fractions, 3 

"  "  through  written, 1 

Total, 60 

.    15 


114 


Doo. 


Sec.  4tth — Geography. 

No.  entirely  ignorant, 47 

No.  who  have  studied  primary, 8 

"  "  "     intermediate, 5 

Total, .60 

Two  of  this  number  have  received  some  instruction  in  Gram- 
mar. 

Table  2d  shows  the  literary  attainments  of  the  one  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  now  connected  with  the  School : 

Sec.    Is — Beading. 

No.  who  do  not  know  the  alphabet, 1 

"■         can  read  in  the  primer,. 20 

1st  Reader, 21 


2d 
3d 
4th 
5th 


36 
33 
16 
10 


Total, 


Sec.  2d — Writing. 


13t 


42 


No.  who  cannot  write, 

"         can  write  their  names, 32 

"  "  sentences  generally, 63 


Total, 131 


Sec.  Sd — Arithmetic. 

No.  who  have  received  oral  instruction, 39 

"             "     studied  primary, 43 

"             "             '^     intermediate  to  multiplication, 19 

"             "             "     through  division, 15 

"             "             "     practical,    (fractions,) 14 

"             "             "             "         proportion  and  int., 5 

''             "             "             "         through, 2 


Total, 


13t 


No.  t.  115 

Thirteen  have  studied  Grammar  ;  twentj-one  have  studied 
History.  Our  instructions  in  Geography  are  given  in  general 
exercises. 

The  foregoing  Table,  v^hile  they  show  a  certain  condition  of 
the  scholastic  attainments  of  the  boys  connected  with  this  Insti- 
tution, are  very  far  from  presenting  the  school  in  the  true  inter- 
est which  is  apparent  to  the  Teachers,  and  all  others  who  are 
intimately  acquainted  with  it. 

Receiving  an  assistant  very  soon  after  I  became  connected 
with  the  school,  I  deemed  it  best  to  deviate  somewhat  from  the 
excellent  classification  instituted  by  my  predecessor,  Mr.  Crosby. 
On  his  Arithmetical  classification,  boys  might  be  intelligent 
readers  and  yet  be  but  little  advanced  in  Arithmetic.  While 
this  afforded  more  time  for  the  study  of  the  branch  in  which  he 
was  most  deficient,  it  seemed  to  lessen  his  interest  in  others, 
because  he  had  not  text  books  and  subjects  suited  to  his  attain- 
ments. We  thought  it  best  to  so  classify  the  boys  that  each 
should  be  assisted  in  advancing  upon  each  attainment  as  much 
as  possible  without  retarding  any  ;  so  that  they  are  now  classed 
as  such  scholars  would  be  classed  in  our  public  Union  Schools. 

The  new  and  convenient  school-room,  with  its  annexed  recita- 
tion rooms,  has  very  much  increased  our  capacity  for  comfort- 
ably seating,  and  facilities  for  instructing  the  increasing 
numbers  which  are  being  gathered  together  here.  And  the 
assemblage  of  the  boys,  when  convened,  has  more  the  appear- 
ance of  a  cheerful  family,  devoting  a  few  hours  to  mental 
a,cquisitions  than  the  stiff,  rigid,  mewed  tyroes,  which  our  mem- 
ory calls  up  as  being  presented  by  m.any  a  school  of  our  youth- 
ful days. 

We  are  often  asked  the  question,  "  Do  they  seem  to  learn  as 
fast  as  other  chi^^ren  ?"  In  reply,  we  repeat  the  words,  '^otJier 
children P^  Has  our  heavenly  Father  made  a  difference?  and 
has  he  stamped  an  inferior  mental  impress  on  these  boys  ?  Let 
a  man,  cherishing  this  impression,  look  in  upon  us  assembled 
together,  and  mark  the  bright  countenances  which  will  greet 
him  as  he  enters,  and  while  he  is   searching  for  inferiority,  he 


116  Doc. 

will  be  as  closely  noticed  and  as  intelligent  conclusions  will  be 
drawn  of  his  character  as  he  will  form  of  these  boys. 

Another  question  is  mooted.  ''Do  you  find  it  difficult  to 
manage  these  boys  ?"  Perhaps  it  is  more  fit  that  the  Superin- 
tendent should  answer  this  question,  as  the  management  of  all 
the  departments  of  the  Institution  rests  upon  his  hands.  But  it 
is  put  to  us  apparently  in  direct  reference  to  the  School-room, 
as  if  it  implied  difficulty  at  the  outset.  And  we  reply,  that 
about  the  same  difficulty  occurs  here,  that  generally  occurs 
with  the  ^^  other  children^''  mentioned  above. 

Yet  the  word  difficulty  is  not  the  expression  that  rules  su- 
preme in  this  school-room.  Among  the  mottoes  that  adorn  the 
walls  of  our  rooms  is  this  :  "  Onward  and  Upward."  This  ex- 
presses the  spirit  of  the  school-room.  A  very  large  class  of 
boys  show  this.  With  the  moral  persuasives  which  usher  in 
each  day's  exercises,  it  could  not  be  otherwise.  And  then,  the 
presence  of  our  Superintendent,  repeatedly,  each  day,  in  the 
school-room,  during  our  school  sessions,  taking  a  deep  interest 
in  the  advancement  of  the  scholars,  asking  a  leading  question, 
giving  an  incidental  illustration,  or  leaving  an  encouraging  re- 
mark, helps  very  much  to  infuse  a  cheerful  and  earnest  spirit  in 
all  our  exercises. 

It  is  evident  that  a  marked  change  has  ruled  here  for  the 
past  few  months.  A  change  appreciated  by  the  boys,  and 
shown  by  earnest  efforts  on  their  part  to  meet  the  wishes  of  the 
Superintendent,  and  to  deport  themselves  so  as  to  show  that 
confidence  placed  in  them  has  not  been  misapplied.  Kindness, 
confidence,  and  hope  have  reached  us,  and  done  as  much  for 
this  department  as  any  other  department  of  this  Institution. 

THE    sabbath    school. 

The  Sabbath  School  continues  to  be  carried  on,  through  the 
kindness  and  efforts  'of  friends  from  the  city  of  Lansing  ;  and 
though  frequent  changes  have  taken  place  during  the  year, 
some  of  those  who  labored  last  year  are  still  with  us,  and  oth- 
ers have  joined,   so  that  we  feel  especially  indebted  to  the  fol- 


No.  7.  IIT 

lowing  friends  for  their  services  during  a  part  of  all  of  the 
year  in  this  labor  of  love  and  mercy:  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Viele,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  H.  L.  Thayer,  Mrs.  Upson,  Mrs.  D.  M.  Bagley,  Mrs. 
Horace  Baker,  Mrs.  Hibbard,  Mrs.  Stephens,  Mrs.  Mary  Lewis, 
Misses  Cuddie,  Shaw,  Durand,  and  Lane,  Prof.  Fisk,  Mr.  W.  W. 
Middaugh,  Mr.  E.  Turrill,  and  others.  Many  of  these  teachers 
have  frequently  supplied  S.  S.  publications,  which  have  afforded 
interest  and  profit  to  the  boys. 

LIBRARY. 

Our  boys  are  always  ready  when  the  time  for  changing  libra- 
ry books  comes,  and  it  is  at  present  a  source  of  regret  that  we 
have  not  a  larger  supply  for  them.  The  only  fund  in  our  hands 
for  this  supply,  is  a  small  fee,  taken  at  the  door,  of  ten  cents, 
from  visitors  who  reside  out  of  Lansing. 

A  few  weeks  ago,  Messrs.  Putnam,  Smith  &  Co.,  generously 
donated  forty  volumes  to  the  Library.  The  eyes  of  the  boys 
brightened  as  they  saw  the  books  brought  into  the  school-room. 
We  are  also  indebted  to  Mr.  A.  J.  Yiele,  book-seller  of  this  city, 
for  valuable  books ;  to  Mr.  H.  L.  Ho  den,  and  to  Mr.  Zug,  of  De- 
troit, for  a  box  of  miscellaneous  books  and  papers,  for  which  they 
will  please  accept  our  thanks,  and  the  thanks  of  the  boys.  We 
assure  these  friends  that  eve  y  new  book  is  eagerly  sought. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  mass  meeting  of  the  6th  of  September, 
a  large  concourse  of  visitors  thronged  our  school,  accompanied  by 
the  Charlotte  Brass  Band.  These  were  assembled  in  the  chapel 
and  the  Superintendent  explained  to  them  his  system  and  its 
results.  At  the  instance  of  Prof.  Tenney,  of  our  city,  a  collec- 
tion was  taken  up,  which,  with  the  receipts  at  the  door,  amounted 
to  twentj^-eight  dollars  and  eighty  cents.  The  Band  enlivening 
the  occasion  by  contributing  for  the  entertainment  of  the  boys. 

The  financial  ot>ndition  of  the  Library  for  the  year,  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

Cash  on  hand  Nov.  17,  1859 $  22  58 

Cash  received  during  the  year, 103  97 

Total, $128  55 


118  Doc.  No.  •?. 

Cash  paid  for  books  during  the  year, $111  44 

Cash  on  hand  Nov.  16,  1860, 15  11 

Total, $126  55 

We  are  indebted  to  the  Publishers  of  the  following  journals 
for  copies  furnished  through  the  year  to  the  Reading-room,  for 
the  use  of  the  boys  :  Lapeer  Republican,  Romeo  Argus,  Wol- 
verine Citizen,  Livingston  Republican,  Niles  Enquirer,  Battle 
Creek  Journal,  Ingham  County  News,  Marshall  Expounder,  and 
Chicago  Weekly  Democrat. 

From  the  General  Fund  have  been  supplied  the  New  York 
"Evening  Post,  (semi- weekly,)  Detroit  Advertiser  (semi- weekly), 
Michigan  State  Journal,  Lansing  State  Republican. 

From  private  individuals  :  The  New  York  Independent,  Pu- 
ritan Recorder,  Congregational  Journal,  Oberlin  Evangelist, 
Chicago  Press  and  Tribune,  (tri-weekty),  Sunday  School  Times, 
New  York  Tribune,  American  Missionary,  and  various  pam- 
phlets. 

These  journals  are  gladly  received  by  the  boys,  and  the  intel- 
ligence which  they  thus  gather  respecting  the  affairs  of  the 
outer  world  will  assist  materially  in  fitting  them  to  mingle 
creditably  in  whatever  sphere  they  may  be  cast. 

I  would  respectfully  acknowledge  the  kind  assistance  I  have 
received  from  all  the  officers  of  the  school  in  the  performance  of 
my  duties  here,  and  especially  my  predecessor,  Mr.  H.  B.  Crosby, 
for  his  valuable  aid  as  I  entered  this  department,  and  also,  Mr. 
A.  W.  Carr,  my  assistant  teacher,  for  his  earnest  co-operation 
in  every  effort  to  advance  the  mental  interests  of  the  boys  com- 
mitted to  our  care. 

In  the  hope  that  the  good  Father  above  will  permit  great 
good  to  be  accomplished  through  the  efforts  of  your  Honorable 
Board,  I  respectfully  submit  this  report, 

CHARLES  JOHNSON, 

Teaehe9\ 


PHYSICIAN'S   REPORT. 


To  the  Board  of  Control  of  the  State  Reform  School  : 

Gentlemen  —  During  the  first  eight  months  of  the  past  year, 
the  inmates  of  the  School  enjoyed  excellent  health.  About  the 
middle  of  July,  however,  malarious  diseases  commenced,  and 
continued  for  some  three  months  with  great  severity.  Hereto- 
fore, although  the  boys  have  not  been  exempt  by  any  means 
from  this  class  of  diseases,  they  have  suffered  less  than  the 
inhabitants  of  the  surrounding  country.  This  fall,  on  the  con- 
trary, the  boys  have  been  twofold  the  greater  sufferers.  Mala- 
rious diseases  have  been  severe  in  this  portion  of  the  State,  but 
proportionally  much  more  severe  in  the  Reform  School.  I  am 
happy,  however,  to  be  able  to  point  out  with  confidence  the 
cause  of  this  great  change  in  the  sanitary  condition  of  the 
schooh 

Last  spring,  on  the  completion  of  the  new  wing,  it  became 
necessary  to  enlarge  the  yard.  In  this  enlargement  was  in- 
cluded a  large  quantity  of  seasoned  wood  and  a  mass  of  veg- 
etable matter,  which,  exposed  to  the  rain  and  sun,  generated 
the  miasmatic  poison  within  the  yard.  And  now  the  high  fence' 
which  had  heretofore  protected  the  boys,  confined  the  malaria 
and  prevented  the  winds  from  distributing  it  as  it  was  genera- 
ted. This,  without  doubt,  was  the  cause  of  the  increased  sick- 
ness in  the  school.  I  have  called  your  attention  to  this  matter 
partly  as  an  explanation  why  so  much  sickness  has  existed  in 
the  institution,  and  partly  to  record  in  my  report  the  lesson  it 
has  taught  us  for  the  benefit  of  the  school  in  future. 

One  death,  the  second  one  since  the  school  was  established, 
occurred  this  fall.      E.  Lathrop,   a  boy  from  Ann  Arbor,  early 


120  Dog.  No.  7. 

in  the  fall  began  to  decline,  and  finally  died,  with  chronic  spinal 
meningetis.  His  disease  was  obstinate  from  the  first,  and  pur- 
sued its  course  with  but  little  disposition  to  yield  to  treatment. 
At  present  there  is  but  one  boy  in  the  hospital  who  is  seriously 
sick,  and  his^is  a  chronic  case.  Before  he  was  admitted  to  the 
school,  I  understand,  his  health  was  poor.  With  this  exception 
the  boys — and  officers  of  the  school,  for  they  too  have  suffered — 
,are  I  believe  rapidly  regaining  their  former  good  health. 

Since  the  completion  of  the  new  wing,  a  convenient  room  has 
"been  set  apart  and  fitted  up  for  a  hospital.  The  Superintend- 
ent has  also  fitted  up  and  supplied  an  office  with  furniture  and 
medicine  for  the  use  of  the  physician,  an  improvement  which 
will  tell  to  the  advantage  of  the  school,  and  for  which  he  has 
my  thanks.  And  here  let  me  express  my  gratitude  to  him  for 
his  sympathy  and  his  active  interest  in  the  care  of  the  sick. 
Mrs.  Nichols,  too,  although  almost  daily  suffering  from  the  ague 
herself,  has  rendered  me  valuable  assistance  and  bestowed  on 
the  boys  that  attention  and  kindness  which  only  a  good  nurse 
can  bestow.  In  fact,  so  many  were  in  the  hospital,  at  times, 
that  all  the  officers  in  the  school,  in  turn,  were  required  to  as- 
sist in  caring  for  them,  and  I  thank  them  all  for  the  kind  man- 
ner the  assistance  was  rendered. 

I.  H.  BARTHOLOMEW, 

Physician. 


B  Y-L  A.V^  S 


OF   THE 


MICHIGAN   STATE  REFORM  SCHOOL. 


CHAPTER  I. 

OF   THE    BOARD    OF    CONTROL. 

Section  1.  Two  members  shall  be  necessary  to  form  a  quorum 
of  the  Board  of  Control  for  the  transaction  of  business.  In 
cases  where  a  less  number  shall  be  in  attendance,  the  meeting 
may  be  adjourned  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  the  attendance 
of  a  sufficient  number  to  form  a  quorum. 

Sec.  2.  The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Board  shall  be  held  at  the 
State  Reform  School,  on  the  third  Wednesday  of  November,  at 
nine  o'clock  in  the  forenoon. 

Sec.  3.  The  Board  shall  also  meet  once  in  three  months  on 
their  own  adjournment,  and  as  much  oftener  as  a  majority  of  the 
Board  shall  deem  advisable. 

Sec.  4.  Special  meetings  of  the  Board  may  be  called  by  the 
Chairman. 

Sec  5.  The  officers  of  the  Board  of  Control  shall  be  a  Chair- 
man, Clerk  and  Treasurer,  who  shall  be  severally  elected  at  the 
Annual  Meeting  of  the  Board,  and  hold  their  offices  for  one  year, 
and  until  others  shall  have  been  elected  and  qualified. 

Sec  6.  The  Chairman  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the 
Board,  but  in  case  of  his  absence  a  Chairman  may  be  elected 
pro  tern. 

Sec  t.  The  Clerk  shall  keep  accurate  minutes  of  the  trans- 
actions of  the  Board,  in  a  book  to  be  provided  for  that  purpose, 
16 


122  Doc. 

to  which  the  members  of  the  Board  shall  have  access  at  all  rea- 
sonable times. 

Sec.  8.  He  shall  record  at  full  length,  in  a  separate  book  to 
be  provided  for  that  purpose,  all  the  Regulations  and  By-Laws 
passed  by  the  Board  of  Control,  to  which  the  members  of  the 
Board,  and  the  officers  of  the  State  Reform  School,  shall  have 
access  at  all  reasonable  times. 

Sec.  9.  He  shall  file  and  preserve  all  papers  relating  to  ap- 
pointments for  office,  and  all  other  papers  relating  to  the  busi- 
ness of  the  Board,  and  shall  allow  the  members  of  the  Board  to 
have  access  to  them  at  .all  reasonable  times. 

Sec.  10.  The  Treasurer  shall  have  the  charge  of  and  be  re- 
sponsible for  ail  moneys  belonging  to  the  Institution. 

Sec.  11.  He  shall  pay  all  orders  drawn  on  him  by  the  Board, 
properly  signed  by  the  Chairman  and  Clerk. 

Sec  12.  He  shall  keep  a  book  in  which  all  moneys  which  may 
come  into  his  hands  shall  be  debited,  and  in  which  shall  be 
credited  all  moneys  which  shall  have  been  properly  disbursed 
by  him,  whicli  book  shall,  at  all  reasonable  times,  be  open  to 
the  inspection  of  the  members  of  the  Board. 

Sec  13.  He  shall  execute,  when  required  by  the  Board,  his 
bond,  with  two  sufficient  sureties,  to  be  approved  by  the  Board, 
conditioned  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  as  Treasurer 
of  the  Institution,  o.nd  for  the  payment  to  his  successor  of  the 
balance  which  msij  be  found  in  his  hands  at  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office. 

Sec  14.  The  account  of  the  Treasurer  shall  be  audited  by  the 
Board  at  each  annual  meeting. 

CHAPTER  II. 

officers. 

Section  1.  The  officers  of  the  State  Reform  School  shaU  be 
a  Superintendent  and  Assistant  Superintendent,  a  Teacher,  and 
a  Matron,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  during  the  pleasure  of  the 
Board,  and  a  Physician  and  Chaplain,  who  shall  be  appointed 
annually. 


:^o.  1  123 

Sec.  2.  Such  officers  shall  be  elected  at  an  annual  or  stated 
meeting  of  the  Board. 

Sec.  3.  The  Superintendent  may  provide  temporarily  for 
such  vacancies  as  may  occur  in  the  offices  of  the  State  Reform 
School. 

CHAPTER  III. 

GENERAL   DUTIES    OF   THE    OFFICERS. 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  the  officers  of  the  State 
Reform  School,  except  the  Physician  and  Chaplain,  to  remain 
constantly  in  the  Institution,  and  none  of  the  subordinate  offi- 
cers shall  leave  it  without  permission  from  the  Superintendent. 

Sec.  2.  In  case  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Institution 
shall  be  absent,  or  otherwise  incapacitated  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  his  station,  so  that  the  Superintendent  is  obliged  to 
procure  a  substitute,  the  expense  of  such  substitute  shall  be 
deducted  from  the  salary  of  such  officer  or  employee. 

Sec.  3.  All  the  subordinate  officers,  except  the  Physician 
and  Chaplain,  in  addition  to  the  appropriate  duties  of  their 
respective  offices,  shall  act  as  aids  to  the  Superintendent  in 
preserving  order  and  quiet  among  the  inmates,  in  guarding 
against  escapes,  and  in.  maintaining  the  rules  and  discipline  of 
the  Institution.  They  shall  also  perform  such  other  services  as- 
shall  be  required  of  them  by  the  Superintendent. 

CHAPTER  IV. 

DUTIES  OF  superintendent  AND  ASSISTANT  SUPERINTENDENT. 

Section  I.  The  Superintendent  shall  have  the  general  charge 
of  the  interests  of  the  Institution,  shall  conduct  the  correspon- 
dence, preserving  files  of  the  letters  received  and  copies  of 
important  ones  sent. 

Sec.  2.  He  shall  enter,  in  books  provided  for  that  purpose, 
the  name  and  age  of  every  inmate,  with  a  brief  description  of 
bis  person,  the  time  when  he  was  received,  the  place  from 
which  he  was  sent,  the  offense  for  which  he  was  committed,  and 
the  time  when  he  was  discharged,  and  if  apprenticed,  the  name 


124  ^oc. 

and  place  of  residence  of  the  person  to  whom  he  was  appren- 
ticed ;  and  in  case  of  death,  the  time  and  cause  of  his  death, 
together  with  such  other  facts  relating  to  his  history  as  he  may 
think  worthy  of  preservation. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall  keep  a  journal,  in  which  he  shall  record 
daily,  everything  deemed  worthy  of  notice,  which  journal  shall 
at  all  times  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Control. 

Sec.  4.  He  shall  procure  the  necessary  supplies  for  the  State 
Keform  School. 

Sec.  5.  He  shall  keep  an  accurate  account  of  the  current  ex- 
penses of  the  Institution,  and  all  moneys  received  from  contrac- 
tors or  others  for  the  services  of  the  Inmates,  and  shall  pay 
over  the  same  to  the  Treasurer. 

Sec.  6.  He  shall  lay  before  the  Board  of  Control  all  applica- 
tions for  apprentices,  or  servants,  and  the  names  of  such  of  the 
inmates  as  he  thinks  may  properly  be  discharged  from  the  Insti- 
tution. 

Sec.  1.  He  shall  at  least  once  a  day,  visit  all  departments  of 
the  Institution,  and  shall  SQe  that  the  officers  are  prompt  and 
efficient  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  and  shall  report  to  the 
Board  of  Control  any  deficiency  in  this  respect.  He  shall  en- 
deavor, by  being  present  as  frequently  as  maybe,  in  the  school- 
room and  work-shops,  to  encourage  the  Teachers  and  Overseers 
in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  and  to  assist  them  in  preserv- 
ing good  order,  and  in  securing  diligence  on  the  part  of  the  in- 
mates. 

Sec.  8.  The  Assistant  Superintendent  shall  aid  the  Superin- 
tendent, under  his  direction,  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  and 
in  case  of  his  death,  absence  or  inability,  shall  fill  his  place  for 
the  time  being. 

CHAPTER  Y. 

Section  1.  The  Teachers  shall  instruct  the  inmates  in  such 
branches  as  may  be  required,  and  shall  use  all  proper  means  to 
inspire  them  with  a  love  of  study. 


No.  t.  125' 

Sec.  2.  They  shall  take  charge  of  the  inmates  at  all  times 
when  in  the  school  rooms,  except  when  relieyed  or  excused,  and 
shall  require  them  to  be  in  their  places  at  the  appointed  time, 
unless  they  are  absent  by  permission.  They  shall  also  attend 
to  the  cleanliness,  and  ventilation,  and  order  of  the  school- 
rooms, and  shall  be  responsible  for  the  care  and  preservation  of 
all  books,  furniture,  and  apparatus  provided  for  the  same. 

Sec.  3.  In  conjunction  with  the  Assistant  Superintendent 
they  shall  have  the  oversight  of  the  recreation  of  the  boys  ; 
see  that  they  go  properly  to  bed,  rise  punctually  upon  the  ring- 
ing of  the  bell  in  the  morning,  make  their  beds  in  a  proper 
manner,  attend  to  their  morning  washings,  see  that  they  are 
properly  in  their  workshops  at  the  appointed  hours  for  labor, 
and  also  wait  on  visitors  and  show  them  through  the  Institu- 
tion at  the  hours  allotted  for  the  same. 

Sec.  4.  The  principal  Teacher  shall  also  act  as  Librarian,  and 
shall  keep  a  regular  list  of  the  books  and  maps  belonging  to 
the  Library. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

DUTIES    OF    PHYSICIAN    AND    CHAPLAIN. 

Section  1.  The  Physician  shall  visit  the  State  Reform  School 
and  inspect  the  inmates  with  a  view  to  ascertain  the  state  of 
their  health,  at  least  once  in  two  weeks,  and  shall  make  such 
suggestions  to  the  Superintendent  as  he  shall  think  needful,  in 
regard  to  the  regimen  of  the  inmates,  and  the  best  methods  of 
preventing  disease. 

Sec  2.  He  shall  attend  promptly  in  all  cases  of  sickness, 
and  shall  repeat  his  visits  as  often  as  may  be  necessary. 

Sec  3.  The  Chaplain  shall  perform  religious  services  at 
least  once  a  day  on  the  Sabbath,  at  the  State  Reform  School,  at 
such  hours  as  the  Superintendent  shall  direct. 

Sec  4.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  visit  and  converse  with  the  in- 
mates at  least  once  in  two  weeks,  especially  in  dangerous  ill- 
ness, and  to  perform  funeral  services  in  case  of  death. 


126  Doo. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

WATCHMAN. 

Section  1.  A  person,  to  act  as  watchman,  may  be  employed 
by  the  Superintendent,  and  under  his  direction,  shall  perform  a 
regular  patrol  throughout  and  around  the  buildings. 

Sec.  2.  He  shall  exert  his  utmost  diligence  to  guard  the  build- 
ings against  fire;  and  if  fire  is  discovered,  he  shall  forthwith 
notify  the  Superintendent,  but  shall  not  give  a  general  alarm 
until  so  ordered  by  the  Superintendent. 

CHAPTER   YIIL 

DUTIES    OF    MATRON. 

Section  1.  The  Matron  shall  have  the  general  supervision  of 
the  hospital,  laundry,  kitchen,  dining-room,  bakery,  dormitories, 
&c. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

OF   THE    LIBRARY. 

Section  1.  A  Library  of  well  selected  books,  maps  and  peri- 
odicals, shall  be  kept  at  the  State  Reform  School,  for  the  use  of 
the  inmates. 

Sec.  2.  An  entrance  fee  of  ten  cents  shall  be  paid  to  the  door- 
keeper by  every  person  visiting  the  State  Reform  School,  ex- 
cepting such  as  may  be  exempted  from  the  payment  of  the 
same  by  the  Superintendent. 

Sec  3.  Moneys  so  collected  shall  be  paid  to  the  Librarian, 
and  shall  constitute  a  fund  for  the  maintenance  and  increase  of 
the  Library. 

Sec.  4.  The  Librarian  and  Superintendent  shall  be  a  Standing 
Committee  on  the  Library,  and  shall  report  to  the  Board  at  each 
annual  meeting,  the  condition  of  the  Library,  and  the  state  of 
the  funds  appropriated  for  its  increase  and  maintenance. 


No.  7.  121 

CHAPTER  X. 

PROVISIONS    OF    A   GENERAL    NATURE. 

Section  1.  No  spirituous  liquor  or  intoxicating  drink  shall  be 
brought  into  the  State  Reform  School,  without  permission  from 
the  Superintendent. 

Sec.  2.  No  tobacco  shall  be  furnished  to  the  inmates. 

Sec.  3.  Sports^  and  innocent  amusements  may  be  freely  allow- 
ed among  the  inmates,  but  no  -  species  of  gaming,  either  for 
amusement  or  otherwise,  shall  be  permitted  at  the  State  Reform 
School. 

Sec.  4.  Each  inmate,  on  being  discharged  from  the  State  Re- 
form School,  shall  be  furnished  with  a  Bible  or  Testament. 

Sec.  5.  No  visitors  shall  be  allowed  to  hold  any  communicar 
tion  with  the  inmates,  or  to  address  them,  without  permission 
from  the  Superintendent. 

Sec.  6.  No  inmate  shall  be  permitted  to  receive  any  money 
or  presents  from  any  person  whomsoever,  except  by  consent  of 
the  Superintendent. 

Sec.  7.  Every  inmate  of  the  School  will  be  required,  when  in 
health,  to  employ  a  portion  of  the  hours  of  each  day,  except  the 
Sabbath,  in  some  department  of  manual  labor  ;  thus  when  a 
boy  has  been  placed  in  a  particular  department  of  labor,  he 
6hall,  on  no  account,  be  detained  from  -his  appropriate  work  by 
any  person,  vfithout  an  order  to  that  effect  from  the  Superin- 
tendent. 

Sec.  8.  All  persons  employed  in  the  Institution  shall  attend 
the  daily  devotional  exercises  and  religious  services  of  the 
Sabbath,  unless  special  leave  of  absence  be  granted  by  the  Su- 
perintendent. 

Sec.  9.  All  persons  employed  in  the  service  of  the  School,  in 
whatever  capacity,  should  feel  it  incumbent  upon  themselves  to 
see  that  all  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  School  are  strictly 
observed,  and  should  report  promptly  to  the  Superintendent  any 
failure  therein.  * 

Sec.  10.  No  person  employed  in  the  service  of  the  Institu- 


128  Doc. 

tion  shall,  at  any  time,  absent  themselves  from  the  premises, 
without  permission  from  the  Superintendent,  and  in  no  case  shall 
more  than  tivo  jjersons  be  absent  at  one  and  the  same  time. 

Sec.  11.  All  persons  employed  in  the  service  of  the  School 
will  be  required  to  rise  at  the  ringing  of  the  morning  bell,  un- 
less disabled  by  sickness. 

Sec.  12.  No  light,  except  it  be  contained  in  a  lantern,  shall  be 
carried  into  any  of  the  work-shops,  dormitories,  cellars,  boiler- 
room,  or  any  of  the  out  buildings. 

Sec.  13.  Citizens  may  visit  tiie  Institution,  and  be  shown 
through  the  establishment,  on  any  day  of  the  week,  except  the 
Sabbath,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M.  and  4  P.  M. 

Sec  14.  Divine  service  will  be  held  at  the  chapel  of  the  Re- 
form School  every  Sabbath  morning  at  10|  o'clock,  and  Sabbath 
School  exercises,  or  familiar  lectures  on  the  Bible,  in  the  after- 
noon at  21  o'clock. 

Sec.  15.  The  time  for  rising,  for  school,  for  refreshment,  for 
recreation,  and  for  sleep,  during  the  several  months  of  the  year^ 
shall  be  as  stated  in  the  annexed  table. 


No.  7. 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  MICHIGAN. 


University  of  Michigan,  ) 
December  20,  1860.      j 

Hon.  John  M.  Gregory,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction: 

Sir— I  herewith  present  you  the  Twenty-Second  Annual  Re- 
port of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30th,  1860. 

Very  respectfully, 

D.  L.  WOOD, 

Secretary. 


KEPOET  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  REGENTS  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  MICHIGAN  * 


To  the  Hon.  John  M.  Gregory,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion for  the  State  of  Michigan  : 

The  Board  of  Eegents  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  in  com- 
pliance with  the  requirements  of  law  in  this  respect,  would 
respectfully  submit  the  following  exhibit  and  report  of  the 
affairs  of  the  University,  for  the  year  ending  June  30th,  A.  D. 
1860. 

For  a  statement  of  the  present  condition  of  the  University, 
and  also  of  the  number  of  students  in  the  several  departments, 
and  in  the  different  classes,  we  would  respectfully  refer  to  an 
abstract  of  the  Annual  Eeport  of  the  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity, hereto  annexed,  where  the  same  will  more  fully  appear. 

For  "the  amounts  of  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  year," 
and  also,  "  an  estimate  of  the  receipts  and  expenses  for  the 
ensuing  year,"  we  would  in  like  manner  refer  to  the  Report  of 
the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Board,  hereto  annexed. 

"The  Professors,  instructors,  and  other  officers  connected 
with  the  University,  and  the  compensation  of  each,"  in  the  past 
year,  have  been  as  follows,  to  wit : 


» [The  University  Reports  having  been  remanded  for  amendments  after  they  were  first 
communicated,  they  are  necessarily  thrown  out  of  the  place  they  have  usually  occupied  in 
the  volume  of  School  Reports.  The  Superintendent  avails  himself  of  the  opportunity  afforded 
by  this  explanatory  note,  to  second  the  appeal  made  for  means  to  provide  the  University 
•with  some  additional  huildmgs.  A  chapel,  ample  enough  to  accommodate  the  large  congre- 
gation of  students  which  the  fame  of  our  University  has  attracted  to  its  several  departments, 
is  a  necessity  which  neither  the  patriot  nor  the  christian  can  longer  overlook.  Society  has 
too  large  a  stake  in  the  character  of  the  six  hundred  young  men  gathered  here,  not  to  furnish 
every  facility  for  that  moral  culture  which  may  inspire  them  with  christian  sentiments,  and 
devote  their  educated  manhood  to  the  high  uses  of  private  morality  and  public  good.— 

StJPEBINTENDENT.  ] 


Doc.  No.  1  ■  133 

Rev.  Henry  P.  Tappan,  D.  I).,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity, and  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy,  salary 
$2,500. 

Rev.  Geo.  P.  Williams,  LL.  D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
salary  $1,500. 

Abram  Sager,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Phys- 
iology, salary  $1,000. 

Silas  H.  Douglas,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Mineralogy,,  Pharmacy  and  Toxicology,  salary  $1,500. 

Louis  Fasquelle,  LL.  D.,  Professor  of  Modern  Languages  and 
Literature,  salary  $1,500. 

Moses  Gunn,  A,  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Surgery,  salary 
$1,000. 

Samuel  Denton,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine  and  Pathologj^,  salary  $1,000. 

James  R.  Boise,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and 
Literature,  salary  $1,500. 

Alonzo  B.  Palmer,  A.  M.  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica, 
Therapeutics,  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  salary 
$1,000. 

Alexander  Winchell,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Geology,  Zoology, 
and  Botany,  salary  $1,500. 

Francis  Brunnow,  Ph.  D.,  Director  of  the  Observatory,  not  on 
duty,  no  salary. 

Corydon  L.  Ford,  M.  D.;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  salary  $1,000. 

Henry  S.  Frieze,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature,  salary  $1,500. 

John  L.  Tappan,  A.  M..  Librarian,  salary  $600. 

Alfred  Du  Bois,  A.  M.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Chemistry, 
salary  $1,000. 

Datus  C.  Brooks,  A.  M.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
English  Literature,  salar}^  $1,000. 

Andrew  D.  White,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  History  and  English 
Literature,  salary  $1,500. 

Hon.  James  V.  Campbell,  Marshall  Professor  of  Law,  salary 
$1,000. 


134  Doc 

Hob.  Charles  I.  Walker,  Kent  Professor  of  Law,  salary 
$1,000. 

Hon.  Thomas  M.  Cooley,  Jay  Professor  of  Law,  salary  $1,000. 

Devolson  Wood,  M.  S.  C.  E.,  Professor  of  Physics  and  Civil 
Engineering",  salary  $1,000. 

James  C.  Watson,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Astronomy  and  In- 
structor of  Mathematics,  salary  $1,000, 

A.  K.  Spence,  A.  B.,  Instructor  in  Gteek  and  French,  salary 
$500.  , 

F.  E.  Williams,  A.  B.,  Instructor  in  Latin,  salary  $500. 

William  Lewitt,  M.  D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  salary 
$250. 

Cleveland  Abbe,  A.  B.,  Instructor  in  Physics  and  Civil  Engi- 
neering, salary  $250. 

Henry  W.  Welles,  Treasurer,  salary  $200. 

D.  L.  Wood,  A.  M.,  Secretary,  salary  $200. 

J.  H.  Burlison,  Steward,  salary  $400. 

With  regard  to  the  Text  Books  used  in  the  University,  we 
would  say,  that  while  it  has  been  the  aim  and  purpose  of  all 
the  Faculties  of  all  their  various  departments,  to  keep  fully  up 
to  the  spirit  and  improvements  of  the  times,  there  has  not  been, 
during  the  past  year,  any  such  material  change  of  Text  Books, 
from  those  of  the  two  preceding  years,  as  to  make  it  desirable 
again  to  report,  or  republish  the  list. 

In  addition  to  what  will  be  found  in  the  abstract  of  the 
President's  Eeport  and  the  Report  of  the  Finance  Committee, 
hereto  annexed,  we  would  respectfully  submit,  that  while  these 
Reports,  as  also  our  Annual  Catalogue,  shows  the  past  year  to 
have  been  one  of  eminent  success  in  all  the  departments  of  the 
University,  fully  justifying  the  expectation  and  rewarding  the 
liberality  of  the  State  in  its  behalf,  still  there  is  constantly  rest- 
ing upon  the  Board  of  Regents  a  pressing  call,  and  almost  a 
necessity,  for  the  use  of  more  means  in  advancing  the  pros- 
perity of  the  University,  and  thereby  subserving  the  substan- 
tial interests  of  Education  in  the  State,  than  are  under  their 
control. 


No.  7.  135 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  Report  of  the  Finance  Committee,  the 
Board  have  gone  to  the  extent  of  their  ability,  in  making  addi- 
tions to  the  various  Libraries  of  the  University,  and  cannot 
but  feel  that,  in  justice  to  the  University,  and  the  enlightened 
and  liberal  educational  policy  of  our  State,  they  ought  to  be 
able  to  more  than  double  the  amount  of  the  annual  Library 
appropriations.  Large  and  valuable  additions  have  been  made 
to  our  collections  in  the  department  of  Natural  History, 
through  the  labors  of  Prof.  Winchell,  now  acting  also  as  State 
Geologist  for  this  State. 

The  Board  find  the  University,  in  many  respects,  greatly 
cramped  for  want  of  room,  and  needing,  very  much,  a  Law 
Building,  (incipient  measures  for  the  building  of  which,  by 
voluntary  subscription  if  possible,  have  already  been  taken,) 
a  Library  Building,  an  extension  of  the  Chemical  Laboratory, 
and  a  Chapel. 

The  completion  of  the  Scientific  Department,  especially  the 
Department  of  Civil  Engineering,  although  somewhat  strength- 
ened during  the  current  year,  continues  to  be  a  source  of  solici- 
tude on  the  part  of  the  Board. 

La  the  Astronomical  Department  the  Board  are  happy  to» 
announce,  that  during  their  present  session  they  have  perfected' 
the  necessary  arrangements  to  secure  the  return  of  Dr.  Brunnow,, 
and  his  active  connection  with  the  Detroit  Observatory,  during^- 
the  coming  year. 

The  establishment  of  the  Law  Department  is  recognized,  we 
believe,  by  the  entire  profession  throughout  the  State,  as  well 
as  by  the  public  at  large,  as  a  complete  success. 

The  Medical  Department  also,  under  the  fostering  care  of  its 
earnest  and  efficient  Faculty,  has  continued  to  sustain,  both  in 
numbers  and  reputation,  its  well  earned  prominent  position 
among  the  M(^ical  Colleges  of  our  land. 

Of  the  Literary  and  Scientific  Departments  of  the  University 
of  Michigan,  it  is  needless  here  to  speak,  but  we  may  perhaps 
be  allowed,  with  a  pardonable  partiality,  to  point  the  citizens 
of  our  State  to  the  list  of  foreign  students,  drawn  thither  from 


136  Doc.  No.  t. 

every  section  of  our  country  by  the  well  known  reputation  of 
its  instructors,  and  the  advantages  of  learning  to  l5e  secured 
within  its  halls. 

But  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  all  this  increased  prosperi- 
ty, and  increased  number  of  students,  and  the  extension  of  its 
several  Departments,  in  our  State  University,  inevitably  forces 
upon  the  Board  of  Regents  a  pressing  call,  and  almost  una- 
voidable necessity,  for  a  prudent  expenditure  of  all  the  means 
of  the  University  that  can  consistently  be  placed  within  their 
reach,  and  therefore  it  is,  that  we  would  earnestly  call  the  at- 
tention of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  of  our 
next  Legislature,  to  the  importance  of  such  early  action  as 
shall  secure  for  the  University  a  speedy  sale  of  all  the  unsold 
lands  now  belonging  to  it,  and  the  collection  of  all  the  ou1> 
standing  claims  belonging  to  the  University  fund,  and  the  early 
designation,  by  Congress,  of  the  fractional  balance  of  the  orig- 
inal two  townships  of  land,  which  have  never  yet  been  properly 
transferred  to  the  University  lands  of  this  State.  And  we 
would  also  renew  our  request  that  the  proper  means  may  be 
promptly  taken  to  urge  upon  the  attention  of  our  Senators  and 
Representatives  in  Congress,  the  desirableness  of  an  early  and 
favorable  action  of  Congress  upon  the  recommendation  of  a 
former  Legislature  of  this  State,  that  a  further  appropriation 
of  land  should  be  made  by  Congress  out  of  the  unappropriated 
lands  of  the  State,  for  the  purpose  of  materially  increasing  the 
.  permanent  fund  of  our  State  University. 
By  order  of  the  Board. 

HENRY  P.  TAPPAN,  President. 
D.  L.  Wood,  Secretary. 


ABSTKACT    FROM    THE    PRESIDENT'S   ANNUAL 

MESSAGE. 


To  the  Honorable  the  Board  of  Regents : 

Gentlemen  : — The  last  year  has  been  signalized  by  the  inau- 
guration and  successful  prosecution  of  the  Law  Department. 
The  University  of  Michigan  therefore  has  reached  the  compass 
and  dignity  of  three  learned  Faculties.  This  is  all  that  ever 
was  contemplated  by  its  founders,  all  that  has  been  prescribed 
in  the  organic  law,  and  perhaps  all  that  is  possible  in  a  State 
Institution  where  the  predominance  of  no  sect  is  admissible. 
Time  alone  can  show  whether  an  unsectarian  Theological  Fac- 
ulty, in  whole  or  in  part,  can  be  constituted.  It  is  possible, 
however,  that  a  Theological  Faculty  may  grow  up  within  the 
atmosphere  and  under  the  shadow  of  the  University,  as  an 
independent  and  distinct  organization.  In  this  case  we  should 
have  all  the  Faculties  existing  in  the  same  place,  and  perhaps 
accomplishing  all  the  ends  of  learned  association,  without  any 
union  of  Church  and  State. 

It  is  a  subject  of  hearty  gratulation  that  so  much  has  been 
accomplished  in  this  young  State,  and  in  a  time  so  limited. 
We  have  collected  and  are  enabled  to  sustain  a  very  respect- 
able number  of  professors,  while  the  number  of  our  students  is 
fast  approaching  that  of  the  oldest  and  most  fully  developed 
institutions  in  our  country. 

The  following  statement  will  show  our  condition  during  the 
past  year  : 

I.— PROFESSORS  AND  INSTRUCTORS. 

Department  of  Medicine, 9 

Department  of  Law, 3 

Department  of  vScience,  Literature  and  the  Arts, It 

18 


138  Doc. 

From  which,  deducting  two  connected  with  two  departments, 
one  Emeritus  professor,  and  one  not  on  duty,  and  we  have  a 
total  of  twenty-five  Professors  and  Instructors  on  duty. 

II.— STUDENTS. 

Department  of  Medicine, 164 

Department  of  Law, 90' 

Department  of  Science,  Literature  and  the  Arts, 265 

Total, 519 

Of  these  there  graduated  in 

The  Department  of  Medicine, 19 

The  Department  of  Law, 24 

The  Department  of  Science,  Literature  and  the  Arts, 3t 

In  addition  to  which  there  were 

Admitted  to  the  Degree  of  M.  A., ^ 25 

Admitted  to  the  Degree  of  M.  S., 2 

Total  admitted  to  academic  degrees, 101 

III.— LIBRARY  AND  MUSEUM. 

These,  already  highly  respectable,  are  steadily  increasing. 

It  affords  me  great  pleasure  to  announce  that  the  Gallery  of 
Fine  Arts  will,  ere  long,  be  enriched  by  the  beautiful  statue  of 
Nydia,  in  marble,  from  the  hand  of  our  native  artist,  Rogers — 
the  contribution  of  citizens  of  Ann  Arbor. 

In  this  place  I  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Regents  to  the 
great  importance  of  taking  measures  to  secure,  at  a  i  early  a 
day  as  possible  the  erection  of  a  suitable  building  for  the  Li- 
brary. 

This  building  should  be  constructed  on  a  plan  to  admit  of 
indefinite  enlargement  accordingly  as  the  number  of  our  books 
and  of  our  students  shall  increase. 

In  this  building  all  our  books  should  be  collected,  and  reading- 
rooms  should  be  provided  to  accommodate,  in  the  most  conve- 
nient manner,  the  students  of  the  various  departments. 

The  building  now  in  part  occupied  by  the  Library,  might 


No.  1.  139 

then  be  entirely  devoted  to  the  Museum.  Our  collections  al- 
ready require  more  ample  accommodations.  By  such  an  ar- 
rangement, too,  they  would  be  more  perfectly  secure  against 
the  accident  of  fire.  It  is  painful  to  contemplate,  under  our 
present  arrangement,  the  possibility  of  a  catastrophe  involving 
losses  which  no  amount  of  insurance  could  restore. 

IV.— ANALYTICAL  LABORATORY. 

Sixty-seven  students  received  instruction  in  the  Laboratory 
during  the  last  year.  It  was  thus  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity. 
This  popular  and  important  branch  of  the  University  demands 
larger  accomodations.  Applications  for  admission  have  to  be 
made  in  advance.  Many,  of  course,  who  are  desirous  of  avail- 
ing themselves  of  its  privileges,  are  necessarily  debarred. 

VIII.— DISCIPLINE. 

The  conduct  of  our  students  has  generally  been  satisfactory 
and  commendable.     There  have  been  no  cases  during  the  past 
•year  requiring  severe  discipline. 

FroFQ  year  to  year  there  has  been  a  manifest  advance  in 
scholarly,  manly  and  moral  deportment.  We  may  justly  claim 
in  this  respect  not  to  be  surpassed  by  any  other  institution  of 
learning  in  our  country.  This  is  to  be  attributed  in  part  to  the 
fact  that  a  large  proportion  of  our  students  are  young  men  who 
have  to  rely  altogether  or  chiefly  upon  their  own  exertions  to 
gain  an  education.  They  are  drawn  here  by  the  love  of  knowl- 
edge ;  and  an  education  to  them  is  a  prize  to  be  won,  and  not 
a  penance  imposed  by  authority. 

Much  also  is  due  to  the  system  of  discipline  which  the  Presi- 
dent and  Faculty  have,  from  the  beginning  of  their  appointment, 
carried  out.     This  system  is  \)ased  upon  two  cardinal  principles: 

First,  that  of  regulating  the  conduct  of  the  students  through- 
the  requirements  of  the  course  of  education. 

Each  student  is  required  to  pursue  studies  sufficient  to  occupy 
his  whole  time.     His  performances  in  the  recitation  room  con- 


140  Doc. 

stitute  the  test  of  his  industry  and  faithfulness.  If  there  be  a 
deficiency  here  he  must  account  for  it.  This  of  course  leads  to 
inquiry  into  his  habits  and  daily  conduct.  His  unexcused  de- 
linquencies are  marked.  When  five  marks  are  recorded  against 
him,  a  communication  is  made  to  his  parents  or  guardian. 
When  ten  marks  are  recorded  he  is  considered  as  no  longer  a 
member  of  the  University.  He  thus  dismisses  himself  by  his 
own  act. 

A  multitude  of  laws  might  be  enacted  defining  and  enjoining 
proprieties  of  conduct,  that  would  only  serve  to  awaken  opposi- 
tion, inspire  the  student  to  practice  stratagems  to  elude  vigi- 
lance, and  cause  infinite  perplexity  in  their  execution.  The 
single  regulation  above  mentioned,  connects  itself  directly  with 
the  daily  life  of  the  student,  makes  an  appeal  to  his  sense  of 
obligation  which  he  cannot  gainsay,  encourages  him  to  honor- 
able exertion,  binds  him  to  habits  of  diligence,  imposes  the 
necessity  of  a,voiding  places  of  dissipation  and  evil  company, 
and  when  he  is  dismissed  leaves  him  without  excuse.  It  de- 
mands of  him  to  be  a  good  scholar  ;  and  if  he  be  a  good  scholar, 
he  can  hardly  have  time,  opportunity  or  taste  for  dissipation, 
or  any  conflicting  pursuit.  This  one  regulation,  therefore, 
strictly  carried  out,  contains  within  itself  essential  and  powerful 
discipline. 

The  second  principle  is  that  of  teaching  the  student  that,  in 
order  to  become  a  scholar  and  a  man,  he  must  assume  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  thought  and  self  government.  The  education 
upon  which  he  enters  here  is  not  a  passive  reception  of  knowl- 
edge, but  an  active  self  education.  He  here,  indeed,  enjoys 
peculiar  advantages  in  a  material  of  knowledge  collected  ready 
to  his  hand,  in  the  instruction  and  example  of  professors  in 
various  branches  of  learning,  in  the  healthful  inspiration  of 
generous  competition,  and  in  breathing  continually  the  atmos- 
phere of  liberal  culture.  But  he  is  taught  that  these  do  not 
necessarily  fashion  him  into  the  scholar.  Under  all  these  appli- 
ances, he  alone  can  make  himself  the  man  of  science,  the  man 
of  literature,  the  man  of  cultivated  intellect  and  taste. 


No.  1.  141 

In  like  manner,  he  is  taught  that  he  cannot  be  absolutely 
shielded  against  temptations  to  vice  ;  that  he  lives  in  a  world 
where  evil  besets  him  ;  and  that  he  possesses  within  himself  a 
weak  and  erring  nature.  But  that,  on  the  other  hand,  he  is 
provided  with  the  light  of  truth  to  guide  him,  and  with  immortal 
incentives  to  virtue,  with  the  encouragement  of  holy  examples, 
and  the  promise  of  heavenly  aids  ;  that,  amid  the  darkness  and 
the  light,  the  evil  and  the  good,  the  liabilities  to  err  and  the 
possibilities  of  achieving  for  himself  all  that  is  meant  by  worth 
and  character,  lies  his  course,  and  that  he  must  apply  himself- 
to  the  battle  of  life  and  acquit  himself  as  becomes  a  man. 

In  carrying  out  this  principle,  experience  has  taught  us  that 
much  more  can  be  done  in  restraining  youth  from  vice,  or,  when 
they  have  gone  astray,  in  winning  them  back  to  virtue,  by  pri- 
vate, affectionate  and  paternal  admonition  and  advice,  hj  ap- 
pealing to  their  inward  sense  of  truth,  honor  and  rectitude,  by 
addressing  their  manly  fears  and  hopes,  than  by  threats  of 
enforcing  statutes,  or  the  infliction  of  public  disgrace.  Teach- 
ers gain  the  most  powerful  control  over  their  pupils  v/hen  thcj^ 
inspire  them  with  the  conviction,  that  in  their  teachers  the}^ 
have  found  their  warmest  and  most  reliable  friends. 

Young  men  who  are  dead  to  the  sentiments  involved  in  such 
a  discipline  are  already  degraded  in  nature,  and  cannot  long  be 
held  in  check  by  the  most  rigid  measures  within  the  province 
of  an  institution  of  learning.  They  should  be  simply  remanded 
to  their  parents  and  guardians,  to  whom  properly  belongs  the 
responsibilities  of  a  severer  control. 

XI.— THE  COURSES  NOW  PURSUED  IN  OUR  DIFFERENT 
DEPARTMENTS,  AND  THE  TIME  ALLOTTED  THEM. 

I. THE    MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT. 

The  annual  session  commences  on  the  first  day  of  October, 
and  continues  until  the  last  Wednesday  of  March. 

Four  lectures  are  delivered  daily.  Previous  to  each  lecture 
the  students  are  carefully  examined  upon  the  subject  of  the 
preceding  lecture. 


142  .  Dog. 

The  total  number  of  lectures  in  the  term  will  thus  be  between 
six  and  seven  hundred. 

In  addition  to  this,  the  class  is  divided  into  sections  for  exam- 
ination of  various  tissues  of  the  body  by  means  of  microscopes  ; 
so  that  each  student  has  repeated  opportunities  for  becoming 
familiar  with  the  minute  structure  of  parts,  and  also  the  practi- 
cal working  of  the  instruments. 

To  be  admitted  to  the  degree  of  "Doctor  of  Medicine,"  the 
student  must  exhibit  evidence  of  having  pursued  the  study  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery  for  the  term  of  three  years  with  some 
respectable  practitioner  of  medicine  (including  lecture  terms  ;) 
must  have  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures,  the  last  of 
which  must  have  been  in  the  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  the  previous  one  in  this  or 
some  other  respectable  medical  institution  ;  must  have  been 
engaged  in  the  study  of  practical  anatomy  ;  must  be  twenty-one 
years  of  age  ;  must  have  submitted  to  the  Faculty  a  thesis 
composed  and  written  by  himself  on  some  medical  topic,  and 
have  passed  an  examination,  at  the  close  of  the  term,  satisfac- 
tory to  the  Faculty. 

The  second  course  of  lectures  does  not  advance  to  new  sub- 
jects, but  is  substantially,  if  not  literally,  a  repetition  of  the 
first.     The  students  in  medicine  are  thus  arranged  in  one  class. 

It  will  be  remarked  that  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Med- 
ical Education  of  the  American  Medical  Association  recommends 
that  the  students  be  arranged  into  two  classes — a  junior  and  a 
senior  class — and  that  two  corresponding  grades  of  instruction 
be  instituted. 

II. DEPARTMENT    OF    LAWS. 

The  design  of  the  department  is  to  give  a  course  of  instruct 
tion  that  shall  fit  young  gentlemen  for  practice  in  any  part  of 
the  country.  The  course  will  embrace  the  several  branches  of 
constitutional,  international,  maritime,  commercial  and  criminal 
law,  medical  jurisprudence,  and  the  jurisprudence  of  the  United 
States  ;  and  will  include  such  instruction  in  common  law  and 


No.  7.  143 

equity  pleading,  evidence  and  practice,  as  will  lay  a  substantial 
foundation  for  practice  in  all  departments  of  the  law. 

The  course  will  be  continued  through  a  period  of  two  years, 
with  one  term  in  each  year,  commencing  on  the  first  Monday  of 
October,  and  continuing  until  the  Law  Commencement  in  the 
last  week  of  March  ensuing.  Ten  lectures  and  examinations 
will  be  had  each  week  during  the  term.  For  the  first  year  they 
will  embrace  the  following  subjects  : 

PROFESSOR    CAMPBELL. 

The  Origin  and  History  of  Equity  Jurisdiction ; 

The  G-eneral  Heads  of  Equity  Procedure,  and  Nature  and 
Forms  of  Equitable  Remedies  ; 

Criminal  Law  ; 

The  Laws  of  Evidence,  and  their  Application  in  Legal  Pro- 
ceedings. 

PROFESSOR   WALKER. 

Contracts  ; 

Title  to  Personal  Property  by  Gift,  Inheritance,  Sale,  Mortgage 
Assignment,  and  by  Operation  of  Law  ; 

Bills  of  Exchange  and  Promissory  Notes,  and  Commercial 
Lav/  generally. 

PROFESSOR    COOLEY. 

Estates  in  Real  Property  ; 

Easements  ; 

Title  to  Real  Property  ; 

The  Domestic  Relations  ; 

Wilis,  their  Execution,  Revocation  and  Construction. 

For  the  second  year,  the  following  subjects  : 

PROFESSOR    CAMPBELL. 

Some  Special  Heads  of  Evidence,  and  Equity  Jurisprudence  ; 
Equity  Pleading  and  Practice  ; 
Jurisprudence  of  the  United  States  ; 
Shipping  and  Admiralty. 


144  Do«, 

PROFESSOR    WALKER. 

Agency  ; 

Bailments  : 

The  Law  of  Corporations  ; 

Common  Law  Pleading  and  Practice. 

PROFESSOR    COOLEY. 

Constitutional  Law  : 
Partnership  ; 

Uses  and  Trusts  ; 

The  Administration  and  Distribution  of  Estates  of  Deceased 
Persons. 

A  Moot  Court  is  held  at  least  once  a  week  during^  the  term 
for  the  argument  of  cases  previously  given  out  by  the  profes- 
sors to  students  designated  to  discuss  them.  They  will  be 
presided  over  by  the  professor  lecturing  for  the  day,  who,  at  the 
conclusion,  will  review  the  arguments  and  give  his  decision 
upon  the  points  involved.  Club  Courts  will  also  be  organized 
»among  the  students,  to  be  arranged  and  conducted  among  them- 
selves, with  such  assistance  from  the  members  of  the  Faculty 
as  may  be  desired.  These  courts,  thus  far,  have  been  found 
both  interesting  and  exceedingly  useful. 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  will  be  conferred  upon  such 
students  as  shall  pursue  the  full  course  of  two  years  in  this 
department,  and  pass  an  approved  examination.  It  will  also  be 
conferred  on  those  who,  having  attended  another  Law  School 
for  a  period  equal  to  one  year  of  our  course,  or  practiced  law 
for  one  year  under  a  license  from  the  highest  court  of  general 
jurisdiction  in  any  State,  shall  also  pursue  one  year's  course  in 
this  department,  and  pass  a  likc'examination. 

Candidates  for  degrees  must  announce  themselves  as  such  to 
the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  at  least  three  months  before  commence- 
ment. They  must  be  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  each  will  be 
required  to  prepare  and  deposit  with  the  Faculty,  at  least  one 
month  before  graduation,  a  dissertation,  not  less  than  forty 
folios  in  length,  on  some  legal  subject  selected  by  himself. 
These  theses  will  be  hied  and  preserved  in  the  library. 


No.  t.  145 

It  will  be  remarked  tLat  in  this  department  the  course  of 
lectures  of  the  second  year  is  in  continuation  of  the  course  of 
the  first  year,  and  not  a  repetition  of  the  same. 

III. DEPARTMENT    OF   LITERATURE,  SCIENCE  AND  THE  ARTS. 

Classical  Course — First  Year  f  Freshmen). 

First  Semester — Latin;  Greek;  Algebra. 

Second  Semester — Latin;  Greek;  Algebra  and  Geometry. 

Second,  Year  (Sophomores). 

First  Semester — Latin;  Greek;  Geometry  and  Trigojiometry. 
Second  Semester — Latin  and  Greek;  History  and  Rhetoric; 
Trigonometry;  Analytical  Geometry. 

Third  Year  f  Juniors). 

First  Semester — French ;  Physics ;  History  and  Greek. 
Second   Semester — French;  Botany;   Latin  and  Astronomy; 
Chemistry  and  Mineralogy. 

Fourth  Year  (Seniors). 

First  Semester — Philosophy;  Greek  and  Latin. 

Elective  Studies — Astronomy;  Analytical  Chemistry  and  De- 
terminative Mineralogy;  Zoology;  German;  Civil  Engineering. 

Second  Semester — Philosophy;  Geology. 

Elective  Studies — Astronomy;  Applied  Chemistry,  Analysis 
of  Soils,  Minerals,  &c.;  German;  Agricultural  Science;  Lee 
tures  on  History;  Greek  and  Latin. 

Scientific  Course — First  Year  (Freshmen). 

First  Semester — History;  English  Language;  Algebra  and 
Geometry. 

Second  Semester — History;  Rhetoric;  Geometry  and  Trigo- 
nometry. 

Second  Year  (Sophomores). 

First  Semester — Drawing;  English  Literature;  Surveying 
and  Descriptive  Geometry. 


19 


146  Doc. 

Third  Year  (Juniors). 

First  Semester^French;  Calculus;  History  and  Astronomy. 
Second  Semester — French;    Botany;    Analytical  Mechanics; 
Chemistry  and  Mineralogy. 

Fourth  Year  (Seniors). 

First  Semester — Philosophy. 

Elective  Studies — Spherical  Astronomy  and  Use  of  Instru- 
ments; Analytical  Chemistry  and  Determinative  Mineralogy; 
Zoology;  German;  Civil  Engineering. 

Second  Semester — Philosophy;  Geology. 

Elective  Studies — Astronomy;  Applied  Chemistry,  Analysis 
of  Soils,  Minerals,  &c.;  German;  Agricultural  Science;  Lec- 
tures on  History;  Civil  Engineering. 

There  are  four  courses  of  study  presented  in  this  scheme: 

1.  The  Classical  Course:  Those  who  complete  this,  graduate 
Bachelor  of  Arts. 

2.  The  Scientific  Course:  Those  who  complete  this,  graduate 
Bachelor  of  Science. 

3.  The  Course  of  Civil  Engineering:  This  course  embraces 
the  second  and  third  year  of  the  Scientific  Course.  The  studies 
of  the  third  year  are  as  follows: 

TJiird  Year. 

Leveling — Theory  and  Practice. 
Road  Engineering — Common  and  Railroad, 
Hydrographical  Engineering — Surveys  of  Rivers,  Harbors  &c. 
Draughting — Plans,  Elevations,  Sections,  Tinting  and  Stone 
Cutting. 

Resistance  of  Material — Mathematical  Theory. 
Machines — Transformation  of  Motion. 
Physical  Mechanics — Friction,  Torsion,  Hydraulics. 
Architecture — Classifications,  &c. 
Topographical  Surveying  ;  Field-work  ;  Maps. 
Constructions  ;  Retaining  Walls  and  Bridges. 
Steam  and  Locomotive  Engines. 
Hydraulic  Motors — Water  Wheels.   , 


No.  7.  147, 

Practical  Astronomy — Observations  and  Reductions  for  Time. 

Latitude  and  Longitude. 

Geology. 

Higher  Geodesy — Spherical  Surveying. 

Thesis. 

The  third  year  of  the  course  will  be  pursued  in  two  parts  ; 
one  consisting  of  the  more  ordinary  operations  of  the  practical 
Engineer,  and  the  other  of  practical  Astronomy,  analytical  in- 
vestigations of  the  resistance  of  materials,  motors,  machines 
and  constructions.  The  former  can  be  profitably  pursued  by 
those  members  of  the  Senior  Class  who  wish  to  take  engineer- 
ing as  an  elective  study,  and  students  in  select  courses  who 
have  not  a  knowledge  of  higher  mathematics. 

.  4.  The  Optional  Course  :  The  course  here  varies  according 
to  the  selections  of  the  student.  No  student,  however,  is  allowed 
to  select  a  branch  which  he  is  not  prepared  to  pursue  to  advant- 
age. Three  branches  must  be  pursued  at  the  same  time,  unless 
special  permission  be  obtained  from  the  Faculty  to  pursue  less 
or  more.     Students  in  optional  courses  do  not  graduate. 

Professors  Williams,  Boise  and  Frieze  give  instructions  in  the 
classical  course  only.  Professor  Wood  gives  instruction  only 
in  the  scientific  course  and  in  the  course  of  civil  engineering. 

Professor  Douglas  gives  instruction  in  both  courses,  and  also 
in  the  MedicalCollege  and  the  Analytical  Laboratory.  Professor 
DuBois  assists  him  in  all. 

The  new  professorship  offered  to  Professor  Watson  belonged 
to  the  scientific  course. 

Professor  Brunnow  gives  instruction  in  both  courses,  and  in 
the  school  of  civil  engineering. 

The  remaining  Professors,  namely,  Tappan,  Fasquelle,  Winch- 
ell,  Brooks  and  White,  give  instruction  in  both  courses. 

One  of  the  instructors  during  the  past  year  assisted  in  Greek 
and  French,  one  in  Latin,  and  one  in  the  scientific  course  and  in 
the  school  of  engineering. 

In  the  Senior  year  there  is  considerable  diversity  in  the  class- 
ical and  scientific  courses  arising  from  the  elective  studies.     At 


148 


Doc. 


the  beginning  of  the  first  semester  the  students  in  the  former 
elect  one  study,  and  those  in  the  latter,  two  studies.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  second  semester  they  each  elect  one  study. 
Optional  students,  of  course,  may  elect  at  the  same  time-. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  of  elective  students 
of  the  past  year  : 

FIRST    SEMESTER. 
Stadies.  Sen.  Class.    Opt.  Students.    Total. 

German, 32  3  35 

Zoology, 7 

Higher  Astronomy, 1 

An.  Chemistry, 9 

SECOND    SEMESTER. 

German, 27 

Higher  Astronomy, 1 

An.  Chemistry, , 9 

******* 
I  here  subjoin  a  tabular  view  of  the  rate  of  instruction  to  the 
number  of  students  in  the  classical  department  of  several  of 
the  leading  institutions  of  our  country  compared  with  our  own, 

TABLE  Exhibiting  the  Number  of  Professors  and  Tutors  and 
Students  in  the  Classical  Course  of  Different  Institutions. 


2 

9 

3 

4 

58 

m 

t 

u 

3 

4 

58 

m 

msriTDTIGNS. 


5  - 

—I  c 
— '  5 


1^ 


U   to 
.     <3 


"University  of  Miciiigan,. . 

Harvard , 

Brown , 

Columbia, 

Dartmouth, 

Uuion 

University  of  Virginia,  .. 
University  of  Mississippi, 
Yale, 


185 
409 
186 
17g 
249 
262 
258 
162 
473 


11 

18 
18 

n 

23 
22 
22 
20 
81 


Mean  number  of  students  to  an  lastrictor,  21. 
*  *  *  * 


As  the  University  increases  in  the  number  of  its  student^, 
the  question  of  dividing  the  classes  and  the  consequent  increase 
of  professors  or  instructors  cannot  be  avoided. 


No.  1.  149 

Whenever  compelled  to  consider  this,  and  if  now  compelled 
to  consider  it,  it  will  be  worthy  of  inquiry  whether  permanent 
assistant  professors  be  not  preferable  to  temporary  instructors. 
If  we  decide  upon  assistant  professors,  it  may  be  possible  to 
engage  one  equally  competent  to  instruct  the  lower  classes  in 
the  languages  and  in  the  mathematics,  and  who,  therefore,  may 
be  employed  in  both. 


FINANCE   REPORT. 


To  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  University  of  Michigan : 

The  Finance  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  submit  the 
following  statement  of  receipts  and  expenditures  on  account  of 
the  University  of  Michigan  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1860,  with  an  estimate  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the 
year  ending  June  30,  1861. 

RECEIPTS. 

Cash  in  the  Treasury,  July  1,  1859, $5,620  56 

'^     Received  during  the  year  from  the  State  Treas- 
urer,    28,409  78 

"     Received  from  all  other  sources, 5,705  43 

EXPENDITURES. 

Warrants  paid  during  the  year, $37,743  08 

Cash  on  hand, 1,992  69 

$39,735  77  $39,735  77 

Warrants   outstanding   at  commencement  of  the 

year, $       45  00 

Warrants  issued  during  the  year, 39,125  08 

Warrants  paid  during  the  year, $37,743  08 

Warrants  outstanding  now, 1,427  00 

$39,170  08  $39,170  08 

Outstanding  Warrants. 

The  following  list  o.jntains  the  amounts  and  numbers  of  out- 
standing Warrants  : 


Doc.  No.  t.  151 

No.  Amount. 

893,.... I  30  00 

1,155, 375  00 

1,156, 312  50 

1,160, 250  00 

1,161, ^ 250  00 

1,168, ^ 125  00 

1,169, 75  00 

1,174, 5  00 

1,175, 4  50 

$1,427  00 

Estimated  Receipts  for  the  ensuing  year. 

Interest  on  proceeds  of  lands  sold, $35,000  00 

"         last  year,  not  yet  received, 6,000  00* 

Rents  of  dwelling  houses, 950  00 

From  all  other  sources, 4,000  00 

$45,950  00 
Balance  cash  on  hand, .     1,992  69 

$47,942  69 

Estimate  of  Expenses  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1861. 

Salaries  of  President,  Professor,  and  other  employees,  $30,400  00 

To  pay  outstanding  Warrants, 1,427  00^ 

"     unpaid  appropriations  of  last  year  for  Law  Li- 
brary,    1^000  49 

"     other  appropriations  for  which  Warrants  have 

not  yet  been  issued, 1,145  00 

"     Ptegents'  and  Visitors'  expenses, 700  00 

''     postage, 100  00 

"     printing  and  binding, 1,000  00 

"     insurance, 600  00 

For  Miscellaneous  Library, 3,000  00 

For  Law  Library, 500  00 

For  periodicals, 350  00 


152  Doc.  No.  8. 

For  ordinary  incidental  expenses, 4,000  00 

For  extraordinary  "  1,500  00 

Balance, 2,220  00 

$4t,942  29 

The  accompanying  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Regents,  marked  A,  shows  the  numbers  and  amounts  of  the 
several  Warrants  issued  during  the  year,  and  the  object  foT 
which,  and  the  names  of  the  persons  to  whom  they  were  issued. 
The  accompanying  report  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  University, 
marked  B,  shows  the  numbers  and  amounts  of  the  several  War- 
rants paid  during  the  year,  and  the  items  of  receipts  and  the 
.sources  from  v^^hence  received. 

The  committee  have  recommended  an  unusually  large  appro- 
priation to  the  general  Library  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  all 
that  the  present  means  of  the  University  will  allow.  They  only 
regret  that  it  cannot  be  made  larger,  and  they  deem  it  quite 
unnecessary  to  make  any  other  apology  for  this,  than  to  state 
that  there  are  many  important  American  works,  indispensable 
to  a  well  selected  library,  which  are  not  in  this  Library ;  and 
it  needs  strengthening  very  much  in  this  respect.  All  which 
is  respectfully  submitted.  Dated  at  Ann  Arbor,  July  1,  1860. 
In  behalf  of  the  Committee, 

DONALD  McINTYRE, 
Chainnan  of  Financial  CommiMee. 


REPOET  OF  THE  BOARD  OF   YISITORS  TO  THE 

UNIVERSITY. 


To  Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  SupH  Public  Instruction: 

It  is  with  great  reluctance  that  I  make  the  following  report, 
as  an  individual  member  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Uni- 
versity.    The  reason  why  it  does  not  come  from  the  full  Board 
is  this,  and  seems  unavoidable.      The  Hon.  Cha's  Noble,  one  of 
the  Members,  informs  me  by  letter,  in  reply  to  my  request  that 
he  should  assist  in  its  preparation, — that  he  was  totally  unable 
to  be  present  at  the  examinations,  and  therefore  could  not  join 
in  the  report.     The  Hon.  M.  A,  Patterson,  the  otlier  Member,  in 
a  similar  manner  informs  nie  that  he  is  at  present  not  in  such 
a  situation  as  to  attend  to  busines  of  a  public  nature  on  ac- 
count of  a  severe  douiestic  berevement.     This  is  the  more  unfor- 
tunate because  the  former  gentleman  having  heretofore  occupied 
a  position  upon  this  Board,  could  bring  to  his  aid  a  ripe  experi- 
ence and  mature  judgment  in  matters   connected  with  the  Uni- 
versity, while  the  latter,  having  already  been  a  Member  of  the 
Board  of  Eegents,  and  also  on  account  of  a  personal  examina- 
tion which  he  has  made  of  the  Medical  Department,  conld  speak 
from  his    eminent   professional  knowledge  in  that  respect,  of 
the  wants  of  that  department  better  than  any  Member  of  the 
Board.     Both  request  me  to  make  this  report.     I  comply,  with 
deep  regret  that  I  have  not  the  assistance  of  their   maturer 
judgment,  but  not  without  the  hope  that  you  may  yet  receive 
their  opinion  upon  the  subjects  embraced  herein. 

The  law  of  our  State  which  prov'des  for  the  appointment  of 
a  Board  of  visitors  to  the  University — C.  L.  Chap.  26  ;  §  21, — 
also  defines  their  duties.     These  duties  are  "  to  make  a  personal 
20 


154  Doc. 

examination  into  the  state  and  condition  of  the  University  in 
all  its  branches,  at  least  once,  a  year,  and  to  report  the  result 
to  the  Superintendent,  suggesting  such  improvements  as  they 
may  deem  important."  Thus  the  Board  of  Visitors  seem  to  have 
been  constituted  as  an  independent  body,  responsible  to  neither 
"the  faculties  of  the  University,  nor  the  Regents,  and  for  the 
purpose — acting  thus  independently — of  examining  into  the 
necessities  of  the  various  departments  composing  the  Univer- 
sity, and  suggesting  relief  when  required. 

Upon  the  threshold  of  our  investigations  we  were  met  by  the 
fact  that  the  State  of  Michigan  possessed  a  great  and  free  In- 
stitution of  learning  within  its  borders,  which  was  rapidly  be- 
coming a  crowning  glory  to  our  people.  Its  influence  is  no 
longer  circumscribed  by  the  the  border  of  our  State,  but  cities 
and  hamlets  to  the  east,  west,  north  and  south,  have  heard  of 
the  new  temple  erected  to  Minerva,  and  their  sons  are  already 
seeking  its  halls  and  cloisters.  With  its  present  efficient  and 
able  corps  of  Professors,  and  a  Board  of  Regents,  who  have 
managed  its  financial  matters  with  ability,  the  University  of 
Michigan  is  to-day  a  monument  of  the  inteligence  and  liberality 
of  the  people  of  the  State  whose  name  it  bears. 

PROFESSORS  AND  INSTRUCTORS. 

The  following  is  the  number  : 

Department  of  Science,  Literature  and  the  Arts, It 

"  "    Law, 3 

'^  •'    Medicine, 9 

The  total  number  of  students  in  attendence  during  the  past 
year  was  five  hundred  and  nineteen.  They  were  divided  as 
follows  : 

Department  of  Science,  Literature  and  the  Arts, 265 

"  "   Medicine, 164 

"    Law, i 90 

Some  of  this  number  were  necessarily  absent  a  portion  of 
the  year  engaged  in  teaching  or  other  occupations,  which  the 
American  student  often  finds  necessary  while  acquiring  his  col- 
legiate education. 


No.  7.  155 

The  number  of  graduates  in  the  Department  of  Science,  Liter- 
ature and  the  Arts,  was  thirty-seven,  in  the  Department  of 
Law,  twenty-four,  and  in  the  Department  of  Medicine,  nineteen. 
The  degree  of  A.  M.,  was  conferred  upon  twenty-five,  and  that 
of  M.  S.,  on  two  young  gentlemen. 

■  COURSE    OF    STUDY. 

In  both  the  Medical  and  Law  Department,  the  course  has  been 
strictly,  and  we  think  quite  successfully,  carried  out.  The  De- 
partment of  Literature,  Science  and  the  Arts,  has  three  prescrib- 
ed courses  of  study — the  Classical,  the  Scientific,  and  the  course 
of  Civil  Engineering.  This  involves  three  different  graduation 
degrees ;  Bachelor  of  Arts,  Bachelor  of  Science  and  that  of  Civil 
Engineer.  In  the  Medical  Department,  but  one  course  of  study 
is  prescribed.  The  same  is  true  of  the  Law  Department.  The 
Board  of  Eegents  have  also  introduced  a  course  of  elective- 
studies,  by  which  the  student  can  select  particular  gtudies  and 
pursue  them  to  greater  extent  and  far  greater  proficiency,  than 
the  time  allotted  in  the  regular  course  of  study  would  allow. 
This  feature  of  the  course  w^e  regard  as  an  advancement  upon 
the  idea  of  limiting  all  the  studies  by  four  arbitrary  years.  It 
has  ever  been  the  aim  and  object  of  the  Eegents  and  the  Fac- 
ulty, to  make  the  course  of  study'in  the  undergraduate  depart-^ 
ment  not  only  as  complete  as  possible,  to  answer  the  immediate 
object  of  mental  development  and  cultivation ;  but  to  have 
another,  and  at  the  same  time,  more  practical  bearing  upon  tha 
studies  and  pursuits  of  after  life.  For  this  purpose  the  optional 
or  partial  course  of  study  was  introduced,  that  students  might- 
have  a  better  opportunity  to  perfect  themselves  in  those  par- 
ticular brandies  which  would  be  of  practical  utility  in  after  life. 

The  Scieii'dnc  course  has  a  somewhat  similar  object.  It  is 
limited  to  four  years,  and  embraces  the  same  number  of  classes 
as  the  Classical  course.  Mathematics  of  greater  range — Eng- 
lish language  and  Literature  and  B[istor3^,  take  the  place  of  the 
Classics.  Both  these  courses — the  optional  and  the  scientific — 
seem  to  be  iully  accomplishing  the  object  of  their  adoption. 


156  Ooc. 

MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT. 

In  this  department,  the  course  of  instruction  consists  of  lec- 
tures and  examinations.  Four  lectures  are  delivered  daily. 
The  term  begins  the  first  of  October,  and  ends  the  last  Wed- 
nesday in  March. 

LAW   DEPARTMENT. 

The  course  embraces  Commercial,  Maritime,  Criminal,  Inter- 
national and  Constitutional  Law;  with  instructions  in  Common 
Law,  Evidence  and  Practice.  The  full  course  for  graduation  is 
two  years,  of  one  session  each.  The  year  begins  the  first  Mon- 
day of  October,  and  ends  the  last  week  of  March.  Ten  lectures 
and  examinations  are  had  each  week.  Moot  courts  are  held 
each  week. 

The  organization  of  this  departmeut  completes  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  faculties  as  originally  contemplated.  We  have  had, 
as  yet,  but  one  year  of  practical  workiag,  yet  we  feel  happy  in 
saying  it  has  fully  met  the  expectation  of  all  in  its  supplying 
a  long  felt  necessity.  We  regret  exceedingly  not  having  been 
present  at  the  annual  examination  of  the  first  class  in  March 
last.  This  being  its  first  year,  no  regular  time  was  fixed  for 
the  examination,  and  your  committee  depended  upon  a  special 
notification  from  the  Professors  in  this  department,  and  made 
arrangements  accordingly  with  them.  From  some  misappre- 
Ihension  of  their  understanding,  we  failed  to  receive  such  no- 
tice, and  consequently  cannot  speak  of  it.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  some  method  may  be  hereafter  adopted  to  obviate  this 
<difficultv. 

EXAMINATIONS. 

The  examinations  in  this  department  of  under  graduates  took 
place  in  February  and  June.  During  this  year  of  great  impor- 
tance, we  were  personally  in  attendance  at  the  following  exer- 
cises : 

February  6th.  Examination  of  Seniors,  (of  res-graduates,) 
in  Civil  Engineering — Prof.  Wood.     This  was  conducted  in  a 


No.  .1  151 

thorough  manner.  The  students  drew  a  demonstrated  propo- 
sition from  the  board,  without  the  use  of  the  text  book.  Prop- 
ositions were  given  at  random,  and  the  examination  convinced 
us  that  no  previous  special  preparation  had  been  had,  but  that 
the  class  understood  the  principles  of  the  science.  Mr.  Wood 
being  one  of  the  Sons  of  the  Institution  in  which  lie  is  now 
engaged,  it  gives  us  pleasure  to  say,  we  consider  him  well 
qualified  to  conduct  his  department  with  efficency  and  success. 

February  1th.  Examination  of  the  Junior  class,  in  French — 
Prof.  Fasquelle.  This  class  we  found  very  large,  being  a 
union  of  both  the  classical  and  scientific  Juniors.  The  class 
evinced  the  greatest  proficiency.  The  exercises  consisted  in 
reading,  and  translation,  and  rendering  into  French,  (without 
the  text  book,)  sentences  given  by  the  Professor,  in  English. 
While  the  ground  over  which  the  class  had  gone  during  the 
term,  was  considerable,  nothing  appeared  to  have  been  neglected 
The  examination  was,  in  every  respect,  highly  successful.  The 
University  is  fortunate  in  its  Professor  of  Modern  Languages. 

Two  o'clock  P.  M.  Examination  of  the  Sophomores  in  Sphe- 
rical Trigonometry — Prof  Williams.  This  examination  was 
well  sustained.  The  students,  with  few  exceptions,  evinced  a 
good  knowledge  of  this  science.  There  was  the  usual  number 
of  the  class  who,  upon  examination  day,  are  very  modest, 
(whether  this  study  of  trigonometry  has  a  tendency  to  develope 
modesty,  we  will  not  hazard  an  opinion,)  and  show  an  extreme 
reluctance  to  parade  their  knowledge  of  the  subject,  or  their 
talent  for  chalk  sketching;  rather  preferring,  by  a  careful  se- 
lection of  retired  seats,  to  be  quiet  spectators  of  the  exercises, 
than  active  participators.  We  were  amused  by  the  quiet  way 
in  which  the  Professor,  without  seeming  to  notice  the  modesty 
of  his  class,  would  call  upon  the  most  retiring,  at  the  same-- 
time  expressing  regret  at  the  ineligibility  of  their  position.  All 
participated,  even  those  who  remembered  very  pressing  busi- 
ness engagements,  and  sustained  themselves  well. 

11  o'clock,  A.  M.  Examination  of  the  Seniors  in  Latin — Prof- 
Frieze.     This  examination   was  conducted  by  asking  general 


158  Doc. 

questions  regardiug  the  Agricola  ;  the  construction  of  the  sen- 
tences, with  a  series  of  historical  questions  propounded  to  each, 
to  which  the  students  returned  written  answers,  which  were 
afterwards  examined.  Of  the  correctness  of  their  answers  we 
could  not  judge,  as  we  made  no  examination  of  them,  but  that 
portion  of  their  examination  which  we  witnessed  was  excel- 
lent. We  were  particularly  pleased  with  the  good  order  which 
prevailed. 

February  8th,  9  A.  M.  Examination  of  the  Sophomores  in 
Greek — Prof.  Boise.  Each  member  as  called,  drew  a  slip  of 
paper  on  which  was  inscribed  a  series  of  questions  on  Grecian 
history,  customs  and  manners.  They  replied  orally  to  such 
questions.  The  peculiar  manner  of  this  examination,  together 
with  the  fact  that  answers  were  prompt  and  generally  correct, 
showed  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject. 

11  o'clok,  A.  M.  Sophomores  (Scientific)  examination  in  Eng- 
lish literature — Prof.  Brooks.  This  exercise  consisted  in  writ- 
ten essays  on  the  history  of  England.  English  prose  written 
and  Poets.     It  was  very  creditable. 

2  o'clock,  P.  M.  Examination  of  the  Sophomores  in  Latin — 
Prof.  Frieze.  This  examination  was  excellent.  It  was  con- 
ducted in  a  manner  similar  to  that  of  the  Sophmore's  in  Greek. 

3,30  P.  M.  Examination  Of  the  Sophomores  (Scientific)  in 
descriptive  Geometry — Prof.  Wood  and  Instructor  Abbe.  With 
two  exceptions  this  class  passed  a  fair  examination.  The  dem- 
onstrations were  from  the  board  and  without  the  book. 

February  9th,  9  A.  M.  The  Freshmen  were  examined  by  In- 
structor Spence,  in  the  Anabasis.  The  exercises  consisted  in 
translation,  written  prose  composition,  and  translating  into 
Greek,  and  writing  on  the  board  English  sentences  given  at 
random  by  the  Instructor. 

1 1  o'clock  A.  M.  The  examination  of  the  Seniors  by  Dr. 
Tappan  in  Philosophy.  The  Essays  were  well  written,  and  the 
young  gentlemen  acquitted  themselves  with  credit. 

2  o'clock  P.  M.  The  examination  of  the  Freshmen  class  in 
Latin  under  Prof.  Frieze  and  Instructor  Dunning,  was  conducted 


No.  7.  159 

similar  to  that  of  the  Sophomore,  in  Greek,  (on  the  8th).  We 
particularly  noticed  the  knowledge  the  students  seemed  to  have 
of  the  g-eography  and  history  of  the  subject  under  review. 
Their  instruction  has  evidently  been  good. 

SJ  o'clock  P.  M.  We  attended  the  examination  of  the  Fresh- 
men (Scientific)  in  history,  under  Prof.  White.  The  Stu- 
dents drew  slips  containing  five  or  six  questions  each,  and 
replied  orally,  giving  in  their  own  language  a  brief  sketch  of 
that  particular  portion  of  English  History  covered  by  the  ques- 
tions. Your  Committee  had  the  opportunity  of  questioning  this 
class,  as  indeed  they  did  in  nearly  all  of  the  examinations,  and 
the  answers  were  generally  correct.  The  three  or  four  failures 
were  attributable  mainly  to  the  short  time  the  class  had  been 
engaged  in  the  study.  We  rejoice  to  report  the  progress  already 
made  in  this  branch  of  study.  We  regard  it  as  one  of  the  most 
important  of  the  studies  in  this  course.  The  University  has  too 
long  been  without  this  branch  ;  and  we  would  be  pleased  to  see 
it  still  further  extended. 

■Feb.  10th.  The  examination  of  the  Freshmen,  under  Prof. 
Williams,  closed  the  week,  and  with  few  exceptions,  a  week 
of  as  rigid,  thorough,  and  satisfactory  examination  we  will 
venture  to  say,  as  we  ever  found  at  any  Institution  in  our 
Union.  At  the  close  of  the  2d  Semester,  in  June,  your  Com- 
mittee likewise  attended  four  examinations  in  the  tinder-grad- 
uate department,  which  were  equally  good. 

Thus  during  the  year  we  have  been  personally  in  attendance  at 
seventeen  examinations.  We  are  led  to  this  conclusion — the  me- 
thod of  instruction  followed,  by  a  non-confinement  to  text  books, 
a  free  discussion  of  the  author  outside  of  the  book-covers,  com- 
bines more  advantages  and  attains  more  fully  the  object  sought 
than  any  system  which  has  heretofore  prevailed.  The  following 
seem  to  be  some  of  the  results  :  An  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
author's  meaning  is  acquired ;  the  geography  and  history  of 
the  country  under  examination  is  obtained  ;  the  student  inves- 
tigates the  history  of  his  characters  and  places  ;  his  powers  of 
composition  are  constantly  being  exercised,  and  coiisequeiitly 


160  Doc. 

improved;  accurate  composition  leads  to  accurate  thinking  j 
bis  me^iory  is  strengthened.  Then  the  student,  combining 
these  various  methods  of  mental  investigation,  thinks  of  his 
subject  in  all  its  relations.  He  learns  to  record  events  and  oc- 
currences of  v/hich  he  has  already  obtained  a  proper  and  just 
appreciation  ;  he  thinks  strongly  ;  his  faculties  are  invigorated 
and  disciplined,  and  he  lays  down  his  study  at  the  close  of  hi& 
college  course,  not  only  with  an  understanding  of  the  particu- 
lar subjects  investigatea,  but  with  fixed  habits  of  attention  and 
study.  In  after  3'ears,  as  he  seeks  some  particular  fruit  on  his 
tree  of  knowledge,  he  will  not  find  a  graft  upon  this  side  or 
upon  that,  bearing  the  desired  fruit  in  close  proximity  to  the 
rugged  old  limb  from  which  it  draws  its  nourishment,  but  a 
well  formed,  symetrical  tree  bearing  all  its  fruit  so  well  and  so 
evenly,  that  he  scarce  can  tell  where  the  germ  was  placed  upon 
the  native  stock.  There  is  just  as  truly  a  symetrical  develop- 
ment of  mind  as  of  body,  or  of  nature.  It  is  said  that  the  un- 
skillful grafter  can  be  recognized  years  after  his  work  is  done, 
when  his  scions  are  bearing  their  fjuit,  by  the  rough  and  jag- 
ged appearance  of  the  setting,  while  the  true  workman  leaves 
his  tree  so  symetrically  pruned  and  trimmed,  that  in  after  years 
you  only  know  that  he  has  been  there  by  the  improved  quality 
of  the  fruit. 

So  many  a  young  man  leaves  College  with  the  tree  of  his 
intellect  stuck  full  of  Greek  and  Latin  scions,  so  engrafted  that 
in  after  years  he  bears  the  mark  of  an  unskillful  hand — and  yet 
calls  this  educaiion — while  he  whose  mind  w^as  evenly  and  sys- 
tematically de^jeloped,  by  such  a  course  of  study  as  this,  goes 
forth  a  ripened  scholar,  a  truly  educated  man. 

•    THE    LIBRARY 

Now  contains  about  8,000  volumes,  and  is  gradually  being 
enlarged  by  annual  appropriations.  The  rooms  are  commodious 
and  easy  of  access.  Much  taste  has  been  displayed  in  their 
arrangement.     Connected  by  stpJrs  with  the  Library,  is 


No,  1  161 

THE   MUSEUM, 

Containing  a  choice  collection  of  European  minerals,  embrac- 
ing 6,000  specimens  ;  a  collection  of  Michigan  minerals,  the 
Geological  collection,  a  large  Zoological  collection  and  the 
Herbarium. 

The  Anatomical  museum  comprises  arterial  preparations, 
alcoholic  preparations,  skeletons,  models  and  casts  with  plates 
and  portraits  of  cutaneous  diseases.  The  gallery  of  Fine  Arts 
is  a  collection  of  which  the  State  may  be  proud.  Although  in 
its  commencement,  it  already  contains  a  gallery  of  casts,  full 
size  and  reduction,  of  the  most  valuable  ancient  statues  and 
busts,  over  200  reductions  and  models  in  terra  cotta,  engravings 
and  photographic  views  of  European  execution,  representing  the 
architectural  and  sculptural  remains  of  ancient  Kome  and  Pom- 
peii. This  is  a  great  aid  to  the  student  of  the  literature  and  cus- 
tom of  the  Romans.  A  gallery  of  historical  medalions  compris- 
ing some  1,400  casts  and  medallions,  illustrative  of  ancient  and 
medieval  times,  also  of  leading  personages  in  modern  times. 
Such  is  the  museum,  which  it  is  to  be  hoped  will  be  constantly 
augmented  through  the  munificence  of  individuals,  the  students 
and  the  Regents. 

THE   OBSERVATORY 

Has  fulfilled  all  that  its  most  sanguine  friends  anticipated, 
and  with  the  return  of  Dr.  Brunnow  to  the  Director's  post,  the 
hopes  of  the  friends  are  strong  in  its  future  usefulness  and  rep- 
utation. In  our  examination  of  this  department  we  have  been 
kindly  aided  by  Prof.  Watson,  who  has  had  charge  of  it  during 
Br,  B.'s  absence.  It  is  a  powerful  auxiliary  to  the  growth  and 
developement  of  the  University,  and  will  increase  its  reputa- 
tion at  home  and  abroad. 

THE    WANTS   OF  THE   UNIVERSITY. 

The  Scientific  department  j^has  already  become  one  of  the 
most  important  in  the  University.  It  is  a  distinctive  feature, 
and  as  such  requires  a  strong  support.     The  reasons  which  led 

21 


162  Doc. 

to  its  establishment,  and  the  result  it  has  already  attained,  w© 
have  referred  to.  Being  then  one  of  the  most  important,  and 
at  the  same  time  distinctive  courses,  it  is  necessary  not  only 
that  the  Professors  occupying  the  chairs  should  be  well  quali- 
fied to  teach  their  branches,  but  that  some  man  of  great  expe- 
rience and  ripened  judgment,  should  be  placed  at  the  head  of 
this  department.  In  saying  this,  we  by  no  means  imply  any 
want  of  confidence  in  those  Professors  now  in  this  department. 
They  are  all  of  them,  as  we  believe,  fully  competent  for  their 
position.  They  fully  coincide  with  us  in  this  suggestion.  The 
selection  of  some  man  of  national  reputation  as  a  scientific 
man,  would  add  to  the  positive  strength  and  character,  not  only 
of  his  particular  department,  but  also  of  the  whole  University. 

THE   MODERN   LANGUAGES. 

These  extend  through  the  third  and  fourth  years.  The  French 
occupying  the  third,  and  the  German  the  fourth  year.  This  we 
consider  too  short  a  time  to  devote  to  the  study  of  German.  It 
ought  to  be  the  policy  of  the  State  not  only  to  educate  her 
American  born  sons  in  the  mother  tongue  and  the  dead  languages, 
but  in  a  country  such  as  ours  and  among  such  a  people,  to  give 
them  such  an  education  as  will  be  of  practical  importance  also. 
It  is  a  fact  well  known  that  in  this  country,  and  especially  the 
great  North-west,  a  large  proportion  of  the  population  is  from 
foreign  shores.  A  large  share  of  this  foreign  element  is  Ger- 
man, And  they  bring  with  them  their  national  habits,  customs 
and  maners,  and  although  they  rapidly  mingle  with  the  Ameri- 
can portion  of  the  population,  and  learn  the  English  language 
and  speak  it,  yet,  in  all  their  intercourse  of  a  business  nature 
with  Americans,  they  seek  if  possible  the  medium  of  their  moth- 
er tongue.  Many,  also,  fresh  from  the  old  world  are  entirely 
ignorant  of  the  English  language.  With  very  many  of  them 
the  fact  that  a  professional  man,  or  any  person  with  whom 
they  desire  to  transact  business,  can  speak  and  communicate 
with  them  in  their  own  language,  will  predispose  them  in  their 
favor.     The  daily  experience  of  business  men  in  our  cities  is 


No.  1:  163 

proof  of  this  assertion.  It  is  one  of  the  real  e99eiitM&  of  a 
practical  education  in  this  North-w^st  to  understami  French 
and  German.  But  the  time  allotted  to  the  German  is  hardly 
sufficient.  We  are  of  the  opinion  that  another  half  year  should 
be  added  to  the  one  now  devoted  to  it. 

We  are  well  aware  that  the  objection  which  would  be  urged 
to  this  change,  would  be,  its  effect  upon  the  study  of  the  clas- 
sics. If  we  increase  the  time  devoted  to  modern,  we  must 
decrease  that  devoted  to  the  ancient  languages.  True,  perhaps; 
yet  we  claim  the  ancient  course  encroached  upon  the  modern 
language  a  long  time.  If  either  must  encroach  on  the  other, 
we  conceive  the  evil  would  be  less  by  the  plan  we  propose, 
than  by  the  present  arrangement.  Education,  in  this  age  and 
clime,  must  be  practical.  It  is  far  preferable  to  prepare  the  sons 
of  our  State  for  after  life,  than  to  inundate  the  college  course 
of  study  with  the  combined  classical  wisdom  of  ninety-nine 
professors  of  eminence,  for  the  sake  of  doing  homage  to  an- 
quity.  In  the  present  course  we  devote  four  years  to  the  Latin 
and  three  to  the  Greek;  yet,  how  few  of  our  young  men  write 
or  read  either,  after  they  leave  college.  If,  then,  we  should 
encroach  upon  the  classics,  it  would  at  least  be  with  a  practical 
result,  and  the  graduate  would  be  fitted  better  for  his  after 
business  or  professional  career.  Nor  is  this  the  only  light  in 
which  to  view  this  question.  The  modern  languages  should 
not  be  pursued  solely  with  reference  to  society,  or  to  form  the 
social  currency  of  life.  A  language  is  really  valuable  as  it 
becomes  the  vehcle  of  thought  and  ideas.  French  should  be 
acquired  not  only  to  know  the  idiom  and  enjoy  French  society, 
but  to  appreciate  Bossuet  and  French  literature.  German 
should  be  thoroughly  mastered,  not  only  to  communicate  with 
phlegmatic  Germans,  but  to  enjoy  Schiller. 

THE   LIBRARY. 

We  have  already  referred  to  its  prosperous  condition  and  in- 
crease, yet  we  are  painfully  aware  that  a  single  hour  of  calam- 
ity might  reduce  this  noble  collection  to  ruin.     We  recommend 


164  Doc.  No.  t. 

iJOiost  earneBtly  the  early  erection  c^  a  commodious  fireproof 
building  for  the  accommodation  of  both  the  Libraries.  Proba- 
bly a  plan  which  would  permit  of  additions  would  be  the  best. 

LAW   LIBRARY. 

This,  though  excellent  for  its  age,  is  inadequate  to  meet  the 
wants  of  the  Department.  We  would  suggest,  as  a  method  oi 
increasing  it  with  little  expense,  that  the  State  Librarian  should 
be  requested,  as  far  as  possible  in  the  exchanges  of  State  re- 
ports, which  he  makes,  to  obtain  duplicates.  This  very  often 
occurs  at  the  present  time.  Such  duplicates  being  placed  in 
the  Law  Library  would  be  a  valuable  acquisition.  A  building 
18  also  much  needed  for  the  Law  Library.  The  number  of  the 
class  already  in  attendence  the  present  year,  is  126.  Very 
often  a  large  proportion  of  the  class  are  engaged  in  study  and 
consultation  in  the  Library  at  the  same  time.  The  present 
accommodations  are  entirely  inadequate.  This  difficulty  would 
be  obviated  by  the  erection  of  the  lire-proof  building  above 
recommended. 

DISCIPLINE   OF  THE  UNIVERSITY. 

The  necessarily  brief  time  spent  by  us  at  the  University  would 
preclude  us  from  speaking  upon  this  subject  other  than  as  the 
examination  room  disclosed  to  us  the  conduct  of  the  students. 
So  far  as  this  subject  is  concerned  we  will  say,  that  during  ihe 
entire  time  of  the  examination,  the  conduct  of  the  students  and 
the  respect  evinced  by  them  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
examination  room,  were,  mthout  exception,  highly  commendable. 

In  conclusion,  we  desire  to  express  most  emphatically  our 
gratification,  that  the  University  of  Michigan  is  fast  becoming 
not  only  the  crowning  glory  of  our  commonwealth,  but  in  rank 
and  position,  high  among  the  highest. 

H.  M.  CHEEVER, 
Member  Board  of  Visitors. 

Detroit,  November  1,  1860. 


REPORT  OF  MR.  PATTERSON. 


Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  SupH  of  Publio  Instruction : 

The  undersigned  has  the  honor  to  present  the  following  brief 
report  respecting  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University, 
with  the  understanding  that  the  other  members  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors  will  report  on  the  subject  of  the  Literary  and  Law  De- 
partments. 

The  medical  department  from  its  establishment  in  1850,  has 
steadily  prospered  under  the  enlightened  policy  and  fostering 
care  of  those  who  have  had  supervision  of  its  interests.  The 
annual  catalogues  afford  evidence  of  this  fact,  and  when  com- 
pared with  the  catalogues  of  other  medical  Institutions,  the 
comparison  will  be  found  creditable  to  our  own  State  so  far  as 
mere  numbers  are  concerned  ;  and  the  same  may  be  safely  said 
respecting  the  character  and  attainments  of  the  graduates  of 
the  Institution. 

Unlike  most  other  medical  colleges,  the  catalogues  show  that 
in  proportion  to  the  whole  number  of  students  who  have  attend- 
ed the  department  of  Medicine  the  number  of  graduates  is  not 
large.  This,  perhaps,  is  the  best  evidence  of  the  vigilance  of 
the  Professors,  and  the  wisdom  of  free  University  education. 
In  most,  if  not  all  other  medical  colleges,  the  Professors  derive 
their  salaries  from  fees  paid  by  the  students  ;  each  graduate 
paying,  in  addition  to  lecture  fees,  from  ten  to  thirty  dollars  for 
his  diploma  ;  and  in  many  of  these  Institutions  the  annual 
number  of  graduates  is  frequently  large  in  proportion  to  the  an- 
nual number  of  matriculants.  We  are  notjdisposed  to  make 
invidious  comparisons,  but  simply  state  a  fact  from  which  oth- 


166  Doc. 

ers  raay  <3raw  their  own  conclusions  as  to  the  cause  of  the  dif- 
ference. 

Michigan  has  removed  from  her  University  all  temptation  to 
make  her  collegiate  honors  a  subject  of  barter  or  sale.  Conse- 
quently a  diploma  from  her  Medical  Department  is  a  badge  of 
real  merit ;  an  endorsement  by  a  disinterested  and  competent 
tribunal  of  the  possessor's  medical  attainments.  Not  that  a 
diploma  from  this,  or  any  other  Institution,  is  positive  evidence 
thai  the  ^aduate  iSj  or  ever  will  be,  a  successful  practitioner, 
but  simply  that  he  has  received  a  sound  medical  education 
which  will  enable  him  to  become  an  accomplished  physician, 
provided  he  is  endowed  with  the  requisite  mental  and  physical 
qualifications  to  grasp  and  pursue  the  intricate  and  laborious 
duties  of  his  profession.  Without  these  endowments  a  medical 
graduate  will  not  succeed  in  the  path  of  honorable  medicine  : 
and,  after  a  year  or  two  of  unsuccessful  trial  we  may  find  him 
encouraging  ultraism  and  empirical  innovations — the  resort  of 
inferior  minds  to  cover  their  own  deficiencies — and  practicing 
arts  discreditable  to  his  Alma  Mateb. 

The  community  are  so  accustomed  to  seeing  doctors  made 
after  a  few  months  study  and  attendance  upon  a  course  or  two 
of  lectureSj  that  many  persons  regard  the  making  of  doctors 
an  easy  business  ;  but  there  is  as  much  difference  between  an 
accomplished  physician  and  a  mere  "  doctor, ^^  as  there  is  between 
an  accomplished  artist,  who  "portrays  the  soul  looking  out  of 
the  canvas/'  and  a  bungling  house  painter.  "  Perhaps,"  says 
Professor  Vogel,  "  there  is  no  science  which  requires  so  pene- 
trating an  intellect,  so  much  talent  and  genius,  so  much  force 
of  mind,  so  much  acuteness  and  memory,  as  the  science  of 
medicine."  Therefore,  in  this  department  of  knowledge,  "  many 
are  called  and  but  few  are  chosen." 

Since  the  death  of  Profesor  Denton,  and  the  transfer  of  Prof. 
Palmer  to  the  chair  of  Theory  and  Practice,  the  duty  of  teach- 
ing Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  has  devolved  upon  the  remaining  Professors,  without 
assurance  of    additional   compensation   for   largely  increased 


No.  7.  167 

labor.  It  is  presumed  that  this  is  designed  as  a  temporary  ar- 
rangement, as  the  period  intervening  between  the  vacating  of 
the  chair  and  the  commencement  of  the  medical  lectures,  was 
too  brief  to  admit  of  the  selectien  of  a  competent  medical  in- 
structor to  fill  the  vacant  professorship.  Assuredly  the  Regents 
have  no  disposition  permanently  to  impose  upon  four  Professors 
the  whole  duty  of  communicating  instruction  in  the  entire  vast 
field  of  medicine  and  surgery,  excepting  chemistry,  during  two 
terms  of  six  months  each,  the  period  allotted  for  a  preparation 
for  graduation.  The  University  of  Michigan  cannot  afford  to 
lower  the  standard,  or  lessen  the  means  of  instruction  in  any  of 
its  departments.  Its  motto  since  its  foundation,  has  beea 
"  Excelsior/^  and  the  citizens  of  our  State  will  regard  with  jeal- 
ous eyes  all  movements  in  the  downward  direction,  affecting 
the  great  centre  of  our  educational  system.  Our  young  men 
have  a  right  to  look  to  the  University  for  the  completion  of  their 
education,  in  aU  that  is  attainable  at  similar  institutions,  in 
"literature,  science  and  arts.''  It  is  at  this  Institution  they 
hope  to  receive  instruction  of  the  higher  order ;  instruction 
essential  to  prepare  them  for  a  life  career  of  usefulness  to  their 
fellow  citizens,  and  of  honor  and  profit  to  themselves  ;  and  that 
they  shall  not  be  disappointed  in  this  reasonable  expectation, 
depends  upon  the  continuance  of  the  wise  and  liberal  policy 
which  heretofore  has  steadily  governed  the  University, 

With,  perhaps,  the  exception  of  Anatomy,  the  Kegents  have 
furnished  the  medical  Professors  with  ample  means  for  illustra- 
ting the  complex  subjects  in  their  respective  departments,  and 
the  recent  appropriation  of  five  hundred  dollars  for  the  founda- 
tion of  a  medical  library,  is  a  wise  and  salutary  provision.  The 
accomplished  Professor  of  Anatomy  has  deposited  in  the  Uni- 
versity, an  admirable  cabinet  of  specimens  collected  and  pre- 
pared with  much  labor  and  care,  which  should  be  permanently 
secured  for  the  use  of  this  department,  as  these,  or  similar 
specimens,  are  indispensable  for  correctly  demonstrating  one  of 
the  most  important  branches  of  science. 

The  Medical  Faculty,  by  unwearied   attention  to  their  duties, 


168  Doc. 

have  earned  for  themselves  and  their  respective  departments, 
a  reputation  which  has  attracted  to  the  Medical  College  during 
the  present  term,  a  much  larger  class  than  has  ever  before  at- 
tended the  lectures  in  this  Institution — there  being  already  over 
two  hundred  in  actual  attendance,  with  a  fair  prospect  that  the 
class  will  be  further  increased  by  the  addition  of  students  from 
•abroad,  who  have  delayed,  under  the  impression  that  the  term 
commenced  on  the  1st  of  November,  the  usual  period  for  com- 
mencement in.  other  medical  colleges. 

This  large  increase  of  the  class  has  imposed  upon  the  recently 
reduced  corps  of  professors,  more  labor  than  perhaps  has  ever 
before  been  performed  by  the  same  number  of  Professors  in  any 
oikei  medical  Institution.  But,  with  all  the  ability,  diligence 
and  ambition  manifested  by  the  present  faculty,  the  range  of 
modern  scientific  medicine  is  so  great  that  the  present  Profesg- 
ors,  with  their  time  limited  and  force  reduced,  cannot  be  expected 
to  communicate  thoroughly,  and  in  the  most  comprehensive 
maimer,  the  scientific  facts  and  practical  details  embraced  in  a 
broad  and  truly  liberal  course  of  medical  study,  which  should, 
at  least,  comprehend  the  following  subjects  : 

1.  Anatomy — General,  descriptive,  topographical,  surgical  and 
pathological  dissecting. 

2.  Chemistry — Inorganic,  organic  and  practical,  or  analytical. 

3.  Phaemacy — ^Descriptive  and  practical. 

4.  Materia  Medic  a  and  Botany. 

5.  Physiology — Vegetable,  comparative  and  human. 

6.  Hygiene,  or  Sanitary  Science,  Public  and  Private — Rela- 
ting to  the  subjects  of  food,  exercise,  bathing,  climate,  drain- 
age, ventilation,  light,  heat,  cold,  clothing,  vaccination,  infec- 
tion, quarantine  regulations,  mental  and  moral  influences, 
habits,  &c.,  as  affecting  health. 

1.  General  and  Special  Pathology  and  Therapeutics,  or  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 

8.  Obstetrics  and  the  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children. 

9.  Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery. 


No.  t.  16t 

10.  Medical  Jurisprudbncs. 

11.  Clinical  Instruction. 

]fo  intelligent  Physician  would  willingly  dispense  with  aa 
item  .of  study  embraced  in  the  above  schedule  in  a  true  course 
of  Medical  instruction,  designed  as  preparatory  to  engaging  in 
the  active  duties  of  the  profession.  Even  with  the  aid  of  an 
additional  professor,  and  proper  means  for  clinical  instruction, 
these  branches  cannot,  in  fact,  be  thoroughly  taught  under  the 
existing  arrangement  of  the  terms.  Hence  it  has  been  pro- 
posed to  extend  the  terms  to  nine  months  each,  and  place  the 
whole  plan  of  Medical  study  on  a  scale  similar,  as  regards 
time,  to  the  plan  adopted  in  the  Literary  department  of  the 
University.  This  plan,  although  admirable  in  conception,  will 
require  much  deliberation  before  it  can  be  properly  acted  upon; 
and  unless  the  funds  at  the  disposal  of  the  Regents  are  suffi- 
oiently  ample  to  warrant  a  considerably  increased  expenditure 
for  this  department,  we  do  not  at  present  see  how  the  change 
can  be  made  on  a  sufficiently  liberal  scale  to  warrant  an  inno- 
vation, so  radical,  in  a  course  of  study  already  in  advance  of 
most  other  Medical  colleges  in  the  country. 

Until,  however,  the  best  possible  plan  can  be  adopted,  there 
is  a  manifest  propriety  in  sustaining  the  policy  heretofore  pur- 
sued— if  nothing  higher  at  present  can  be  reached — by  appoint- 
ing an  additional  professor,  in  season  for  the  next  term,  and 
thereby,  at  least,  maintaining  the  character  and  popularly 
already  acquired  by  the  Medical  department,  without  imposing 
undue,  if  not  impossible  labor,  upon  the  present  Faculty 

M.  A.  PATTERSON,   Visitor. 

Tecumseh,  Oct.  31,  1860. 


COLLEGES  MD  SEMINARffiS  OF  LEARNING. 


ADRIAN  COLLEGE, 

Adrain,  Mich.,  Dec.  22, 1860. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  8upt.  of  Public  Instruction : 

Dear  Sir— The  Trustees  and  Faculty  of  Adrian  Oollege  are 
pleased  to  report  progress,  during  the  past  year,  in  every  de- 
partment of  this  Institution.  The  work  of  erecting  buildings 
was  entered  upon  June  1st,  1859,  and  the  two  halls,  mentioned 
in  my  last  report,  completed  for  the  opening  of  the  first  and 
second  terms  of  the  Oollege,  the  one  Dec.  1st,  1859,  and  the 
other,  March  8th,  1860.  These  afford  ample  accommodations 
for  students  and  for  some  recitation  and  library  rooms.  On  the 
16th  of  June  last,  the  corner  stone  of  the  Chapel  was  laid,  and 
the  work  has  so  far  progressed  as  to  give  assurance  that  it  will 
be  finished  for  use  by  the  opening  of  the  ensuing  Spring  term. 
The  Chapel  is  one  of  the  divisions  of  the  central  building,  and 
in  dimensions  is  50  by  80  feet,  two  stories  with  basement  under 
the  whole.  The  first  story  is  12  feet  in  height,  and  contains  one 
room  for  the  "  Star  Literary  Society,''  one  for  the  Commercial 
and  mathematical  Department,  one  for  classes  in  Chemistry  and 
the  Natural  Sciences,  with  room  attached  for  apparatus,  and 
one  for  the  English  Department.  The  second  story  is  the  chapel 
room  the  entire  size  in  length  and  width  of  the  building,  23  feet 
high,  and  will  be  fitted  to  seat  between  tOO  and  800  students. 
We  have  recently  commenced  the  second  term  of  the  present 
College  year  with  150  students,  92  males  and  58  females,  of 
these,  30  are  in  the  College  classes,  *I  Juniors,  11   Sophomore, 


n2  Doc 

and  12  Freshmen  ;  the  remaining  120  are  in  the  Preparatory 
Department. 

The  Faculty  of  the  College  are  : 

Rev.  A.  Mahan,  A.  M.,  President,  and  Professor  of  Mental  and 
Moral  Science. 

Rev.  John  McEldowny,  A.  M.,  Vice  President,  and  Professor 
of  Latin  and  Greek  Languages  and  Literature. 

James  McEldowny,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural 
Philosophy  and  Astronomy. 

J.  W.  McKeever,  A.  B.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Natural 
History. 

Rev.  C.  Prindle,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Natural  Theology,  Eng. 
ligh  Literature  and  Political  Economy. 

Miss  Mary  C.  Dickenson,  Principal  of  Ladies  Department  ancl 
Teacher  of  French  and  German. 

Miss  M.  H.  Pomeroy,  Teacher  of  English  Department. 

Miss  S.  A.  McKeever,  Teacher  of  Instrumental  Music. 

Dr.  0.  P.  Chubb,  Teacher  of  Vocal  Music. 

The  Trustees  are,  Rev.  A.  Mahan,  President ;  Rev.  John 
McEldowney,  Secretary ;  Hon,  L.  G.  Berry,  Treasurer ;  Fitch 
Reed,  Esq.,  Cambridge  ;  Rev.  W.  H.  Brewster,  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
Hon.  E.  L.  Clark,  John  S.  Watts,  M.  D.,  Hon.  R.  R.  Beecher, 
Rev.  S.  P.  Rice,  Henry  Hart,  Esq.,  Wm.  H.  Scott,  Esq.,  J.  0. 
Pendleton,  Esq. 

The  course  of  study  of  both  the  Classical  and  Scientific  De- 
partments, has  been  given  in  my  former  report  to  you,  tound  in 
the  School  Report  of  1859,  pages  181-188. 

The  cost  of  the  two  halls  first  built,  was  |30,000  ;  of  the 
Chapel  building  when  finished,  will  be  between  $10,000  and 
$12,000.  The  expense  incurred  in  finishing,  $1,800.  The 
amount  expended  for  buildings  has  been  secured  by  subscrip- 
tion and  donations.  A  few  Scholarships  have  been  sold,  but  no 
part  of  the  proceeds  therefrom  is  applied  to  the  building  fund. 

Very  Respectfully, 

JOHN  McELDOWNEY, 

Secretary. 


No.  t.  It3; 

WESLEY  AN  SEMINARY  AND  FEMALE  COLLEGE. 

Albion,  Mich.,  Nov.  26th,  1860. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  Supt.  of  PvMic  Instruction: 

Sir — I  have  the  honor  of  transmitting,  herewith,  a  report  of 
the  "  Wesleyan  Seminary  and  Female  College,  at  Albion,"  for 
the  Academic  year  1859-60. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

THOS.  H.  SINEX,  President. 


VALUE  OF   REAL   ESTATE. 

The  Institution  is  eligibly  and  centrally  located.  Its  build- 
ings are  ample,  substantial  and  well  arranged.  It  has  a  res- 
pectable Library,  Apparatus,  Laboratory  and  Cabinet.  Its 
assets  in  buildings,  grounds,  fixtures,  &c.,  may  be  safely  estima- 
ted at  $40,000.  It  has  an  Endowment  in  reliable  mortgages 
and  notes,  of  about  $15,000.  It  has  no  liabilities  excpt  schol- 
arship demands  for  Tuition  in  solid  branches  of  instruction. 

COLLECTIONS   FOR  THE    CURRENT    YEAR. 

Notes,  Principal  and  Interest, $3,54t  91 

Interest  on  Notes  and  Mortgages, 396  56 

Instrumental  Music, : 325  00 

Painting  and  drawing, 144  28 

Rent  of  Scholarships, 156  50 

Incidental  Fees, 4t6  90' 

Rent  of  Buildings  and  Rooms, 335  75 

Catalogues  and  Diplomas, 45  00 

Total, $5,42t  90 

FACULTY. 

Rev.  Thomas  H.  Sinex,  A.   M.    "^resident,  and  Professor  of 
Mc«ral  Philosophy  and  Political  Economy. 

Professor  of  Mathematics. 

Rev.  Carmi  C.  Olds,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Natural  Sciences, 
John  Richards,  A.  B.,  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages. 


1*74  Doc, 

Mtss  Julia  F.  Robinson,  Principal  of  Femak  Diep^ftment  and 
Teaoher  of  French  and  Fine  Arts. 

Miss  Pamelia  S.  Vining,  and  Mies  Charlotte  S.  Imus,  Assist- 
ant Teachers. 

Henry  Meakin,  Professor  of  Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music. 

NUMBER    OF    STUDENTS. 

Resident  Graduates, , ,.  2 

Senior  Class, , 13 

Middle  Class, 16 

Junior  Class, , 26 

Preparatory  Class, 32 

—88 

SEMINARY. 

Ladies, 108 

Gentlemen, 145 

253 

Total  for  the  year, 341 

DEPARTMENTS.  OF   STUDY. 

1st.  Mental  and  Moral  Science.  2d.  Natural  Science.  3d. 
Mathematics.  4th.  Modern  Languages.  5th.  Belles  Lettres. 
6th.  English  Literature.  Yth.  Fine  Arts.  8th.  Ancient  Lan- 
guages. 

COURSE   OF   STUDY. 

College  Course. 

Candidates  for  admission  to  the  College  Course,  will  be  ex- 
pected to  understand  the  following  branches,  in  which  they  will 
be  examined  before  they  are  admitted  to  the  course  :         '   ' 

Orthography,  Reading,  Penmanship,  English  Grammar,  An- 
alysis of  Words,  Mental  Arithmetic,  Written  Arithmetic,  High- 
er Arithmetic,  History  of  the  United  States,  Advanced  Gram- 
mar. 

Students,  having  entered  upon  the  College  course,  will  be 
expected  to  sustain  a  satisfactory  examination  at  the  end  of 
the  year,  in  the  branches  pursued  during  the  year,  before  their 
admission  to  an  advanced  class. 


No.  T.  115 

Junior  Glass-^First  Term. 

Analysis  of  Language  —  Green.  Algebra  —  Dodd's  High 
School.  Practical  Book-Keeping — Mayhew.  Natural  History 
— Smellie. 

Second  Term, 

Universal  History — Wilson,  begun.  Ancient  Geography — 

Mitchell.    Algebra — Dodd's,  continued.  Natural  Philosophy — 
Wells. 

Third  Class. 

Universal  History — Wilson,    completed.     Algebra  —  Dodd^s, 

completed.     Anatomy  and  Physiology ,     Meteorology — 

Brockelsby. 

Middle  Cl-ass — First  Term. 

Oomposition  and  Rhetoric — Quackenbos,  begun.  GeomO'try 
— Davies'  Legendre,  begun.  Chemistry  —  Johnston,  begun. 
Astronomy — Mattison. 

Second  Term. 

Composition  and  Rhetoric — Quackenbos,  completed.  Geom- 
etry—  Davies'  Legendre,  completed.  Chemistry  —  Johnston, 
completed.     Mental  Philosophy — Upham  or  Wayland. 

Third  Term. 

Logic — True  and  Hedge.  Botany — Wood.  Trigonometry; 
plain  and  spherical — Davies'.     Review  of  studies  for  the  year. 

Senior  Class. — First  Term. 

Moral  Science — Wayland.  Political  Economy — Wayland. 
Astronomy — M6lntire.     Poetry — Shakspeare. 

Second  Term. 
Elements  of  Criticism — Karnes.      Evidences  of  Christianity 
— Paley.     Natural  Theology — Paley.     Poetry — Milton. 

TJiird  Term. 
Analogy  of  Religion — Butler.      Geology — Hitchcock.     Min- 
eralogy— Dana.     Review  of  studies  for  the  year. 

Note  1.  A  good  knowledge  of  any  Aacient  or  Modern  Language,  of  Painting  and  Draw- 
ing, or  of  Instrumental  Music,  will  be  received  as  equivalent,  each,  to  two  of  the  above 
prescribed  studies,  their  selection  being  made  by  the  Faculty. 

Note  2.    The  same  text  books  are  used  in  the  College  and  Seminary  course. 


ite  Doc. 

SEMINARY    COURSE. 

In  the  Seminary,  students  will  be  allowed  to  pursue  any 
branch  of  study  in  which  the  classes  are  organized  for  the 
term,  in  case  they  are  prepared,  by  previous  study  and  disci- 
pline, to  do  so  advantageously  to  themselves,  and  without 
embarrassment  to  the  classes  of  which  they  propose  to  become 
members. 

First  Term  of  the  Year. 

Mental  Arithmetic — Watson  or  Stoddard  ;  Elocution — Put- 
nam ;  Composition  and  Rhetoric — Quackenbos  ;  Geometry — ■ 
Daviee'  Legendre,  begun;  Astronomy — Mattison;  Astronomy— 
Mclntire  ;  Political  Economy — -Wayland ;  Moral  Science— 
Wayland  ;  Governmental  Instructor — Shurtleff. 

Second  Term  of  the  Year. 

Analysis  of  Words — Town  ;  Ancient  Geography — Mitchell ; 
Universal  History — Wilson  ;  Geometry — Davies^  Legendre, 
completed;  Mental  Philosophy — Upham;  Elements  of  Criticism 
— Kames;  Evidences  of  Christianity — Paley;  Natural  Theology 
— Paley. 

Third  Term  of  the  Year. 
Modern  Geography — McNally;  History  of  the  United  States 
— Wilson;  Surveying  and  Navigation — Davies;  Trigonometry, 
Plain  and  Spherical — Davies;  Logic — True  and  Hedge;  Botany 
— Wood's;  Agricultural  Chemistry — Lie  big  ;  Analogy  of  Re- 
ligion— Butler;  Geology — Hitchcock";  Mineralogy — Dana. 

Every  Term  in  the  Year, 

English  Gramm  ar — Clark  ;   Analysis  of  Language — Green 
Written  Arithmetic — Dodd;    Algebra — Dodd's    High    School 

Book-Keeping — Mayhew  ;  Anatomy  and  Physiology 

Natural  Philosophy — Wells  ;  Chemistry — Johnson. 


No.  1  nt 

CLASSICAL   COURSE. 

First  Year. 

Latin.— McGlmiock^^  First  Book;  Second  Book. 
Greek. — McClintock's  First  Book  ;  Second  Book. 

Second  Tear. 

Latin. — Caesar's  Commentaries;  Cicero's  Select  Orations  ;  Ar- 
nold's Latin  Prose  Composition  ;  One  Book  of  Virg-il's  ^noid  ; 
Exercises  in  Prosody. 

Greek — Second  Book  Completed ;  Xenophon's  Anabasis  ; 
Boise's  Greek  Prose  Composition  ;  Ancient  Geography. 

TJiird   Year. 

Latin,  Livy — Cicero  senectute  et  de  Amicitia  ;  Exercises  in 
LatinComposition, 

Greek — ^Anabasis,  continued  ;  Selections  from  Thucydides  ; 
Exercises  in  Greek  Composition. 

Fourth   Year. 

Latin. — Horace  ;  Exercises  in  Prosody;''Tacitus;' Exercises  in 
Latin  Composition. 

Greek. — Thucidides,  continued  ;  Exercises  in  Greek  Composi- 
tion ;  Selections  from  Homer's  Iliad  ;  Exercises  in  Prosody. 


CALENDAR   FOR    1860-61= 

The  Academic  Year  commences  Thursday,  August  30th,  at  9 
o'clock  A.  M.,  and  is  divided  into  three  Terms — the  first  and 
second  fourteen  weeks  each,  and  the  third  twelve  weeks. 

The  first  Term  commences  Thursday,  August  29th,  and  closes 
Wednesday,  December  5th.   • 

The  second  Term  commences  Thursday,  December  6th,  and 
closes  Wednesday,  March  20th,  and  is  succeeded  by  a  vacation 
of  one  week.  There  are  no  Recitations  or  Lectures  from  Christ- 
mas till  New  Years. 

The  third  Term  commences  Thursday,  March  28th,  and  closes 

23 


178  Doc. 

Wednesday,  June  19th,  and  is  succeeded  by  a  vacation  of  ten 
weeks. 

Examinations. 

There  are  two  Examinations  during  the  year,  occurring-  al 
the  close  of  the  Second  and  Third  Terms. 

Exhibition. 

The  Annual  Exhibition  of  the  Seminary  is  held  in  the  Chapel 
of  the  Institution,  Wednesday,  March  20th. 

Commencement. 

The  Annual   Commencement  of  the   College  is  held   in  the 
Chapel  of  the  Institution,  Wednesday,  June  19th. 

Expenses. 

Tuition,  Common  English  branches,  per  term, $4  00 

'•          Higher  English  branches,  per  term, 5  35 

"          Languages,  per  term, 6  6t 

Board,  per  week  in  the  Institution, 2  00 

Room  rent,  per  term, 1  50 

Washing,  per  dozen, • 50 

Fuel  and  Lights  at  cost 

*Incidentals,  Fall  Term, :  .  .  .  1  00 

"            Winter  Term,  . 1  00 

"            Spring  Term, 50 

Music,  upon  the  Piano,  Melodeon,  or  G-uitar,  per  term, .  ;  .  10  00 

Use  of  Instrument,  per  term, 2  00 

Vocal,  with  use  of  Book,  per  term, 2  00 

Painting,  in  Oil,  per  term, .  9  00 

"          In  Water  Colors,  per  term, 4  00 

"          Grecian,  per  term, 3  00 

"          Oriental,  per  term, 2  00 

Penciling  and  Craj'on,  per  term, 2  50 

♦Incidentals  are  designed  to  meet  the  expenses  of  ringing  the  bell,  sweeping  the  halls  and 
recitation  rooms,  and  furnishing  fuel  for  the  latter,  and  also  to  meet  the  expenses  of  necessary- 
repairs  of  the  college  buildings. 


No.  t.  179 

ADMISSION. 

All  who  propose  becoming  members  of  the  Institution,  should 
enter,  if  possible,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Term,  as  the 
classes  are  then  formed.  Students,  who  delay  their  entrance, 
although  but  a  few  days,  not  only  sustain  a  loss  themselves, 
from  which  they  may  not  recover  during  the  term,  but  they  em- 
barrass the  classes  of  which  they  become  members. 

Students  may  enter  the  Institution  for  any  length  of  time  de- 
sirable, but  Tuition  fees  are  not  received  for  less  than  half  a 
a  term  ;  nor  will  students  be  permitted  to  leave,  after  the  middle 
of  the  term,  except  in  case  -of  sickness,  or  unless  there  exists 
the  most  urgent  necessity. 

Payment  for  Tuition  is  i^equired  strictly  in  advance ;  but  in 
case  a  student  is  obliged  to  leave  on  account  of  sickness,  the 
money  will  be  refunded. 

The  faculty  are  not  at  liberty  to  give  instruction  to  any  stu- 
dent who  has  not  previously  procured  a  ticket  of  admission  of 
the  Agent. 

ABSENCE. 

Absence  during  term  time  not  only  seriously  interrupts  the 
progress  of  absentees,  but  it  is  a  great  embarrassment  to  the 
classes  of  which  they  are  members.  Hence  it  is  an  evil  to  be 
endured  only  when  unavoidable.  To  guard  against  it,  the  Trus- 
tees have  provided  that  students  shall  not  leave  town  in  term 
time,  without  the  consent  of  the  President  of  the  Institution, 
nor  be  absent  from  a  recitation,  without  the  consent  of  the 
tQacher  of  the  class.  Hence,  parents  who  desire  to  withdraw 
their  children  from  school  during  term  time,  although  but  tem- 
porarily, will  be  expected  to  confer  with  the  President  or 
Female  Principal,  or  to  advise  them  of  their  wishes  by  note  or 
otherwise. 

GOVERNMENT. 

The  government  of  the  Institution  is  parental  in  character, 
yet  decided  and  firm.  Fully  pursuaded  that  a  pure  moral  influ- 
ence is  essential  to  internal  peace  and  prosperity,  its  officers 


180  Dog. 

and  teachers  will  employ  every  reasonable  precaution  to  beget 
and  preserve  in  all  the  departments  of  the  school,  a  healthy 
state  of  moral  feeling  ;  and  no  student  will  be  retained  in  the  ' 
Institution  who  shall  have  become  regardless  of  its  rules,  or  who 
hj  indolent  habits,  or  a  vicious  character,  shall  exert  an  influ- 
ence unfavorable  to  good  order. 

Parents  and  Guardians  are  requested  not  to  furnish  their 
children  or  wards  w:ith  pocket  money,  but  to  deposit  money  with 
some  citizen  or  member  of  the  Faculty  to  be  expended  only  fox 
things  necessary  for  their  convenience  and  comfort. 

APPARATUS. 

The  Institution  is  furnished  with  suitable  apparatus  in  the 
department  of  Astronomy,  Philosophy,  and  Chemistry.  It  has 
also  a  respectable  cabinet  of  Minerals,  to  which  additions  are 
being  made  from  time  to  time. 

LECTTIRES. 

A  Course  of  Lectures  will  be  delivered  each  term  on  Natural 
Philosophy  and  Chemistry.  The  necessary  expenses  accruing 
for  experiments  must  be  borne  by  the  class.  Besides  these,  num- 
erous Lectures  on  Science,  History,  Education,  &c.,  &c.,  are 
gratuitously  delivered  for  the  benefit  of  the  students. 

LIBRARY    AND   READING   ROOM. 

The  Library  contains  about  1,000  volumes,  to  which  students 
have  access  by  paying  twenty-five  cents  per  term.  The  Read- 
ing Room  is  furnished  with  some  of  the  first  periodicals  from 
Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  Cincinnati,  and  also  with 
the  leading  American  and  Foreign  Reviews. 

LITERARY    ASSOCIATIONS. 

The  Clever  Felloics,  Electics,  Young  Ladies'  Association,  and 
Atkenicedes  Society,  are  literary  circles  formed  for  improvement 
in  the  art  of  composition.  Periodicals  are  published  m^onthly . 
lij  each  of  these  Societies,  under  the  names  of  the  American 
Peloponnesis,  the  Electic  Bevieuj,  the  Young  Ladie^  Casket^  and 
the  Athenoeum. 


No.  t,  181 


RELIGIOUS   SOCIETIES. 


The  Bible  Glass,  Missionary  Society,  and  Theological  Associa- 
Hon  are  Societies  for  cultivating  Biblical  knowledge  and  pro- 
moting religious  enterprises. 


GENERAL    EXERCISES. 


Weekly  exercises  are  required  in  composition  and  declama- 
tion on  the  part  of  gentlemen,  and  weekly  exercises  in  composi- 
tion in  the  female  department. 

TEACHERS   DEPARTMENT. 

Gentlemen  and  ladies,  who  are  preparing  themselves  for 
teaching-,  will  receive,  in  the  fall  term,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary 
instruction  in  the  recitation  room,  special  instruction  in  regard 
to  the  theory  and  practice  of  this  profession,  and  in  a.11  subjects 
necessary  for  their  thorough  qualification  as  teachers. 

STANDING    OF    STUDENTS. 

A  record  of  the  attendance  of  the  students  upon  their  various 
school  duties,  of  their  general  deportment,  and  of  their  progress 
in  studies  pursued,  is  carefully  kept  by  all  the  teachers,  a  sum- 
mary of  the  results  of  which  is  publicly  read  in  the  Chapel  at 
the  close  of  each  term.  Parents  and  guardians  will  also  re- 
ceive printed  bills  at  the  close  of  the  term,  when  requested,  ex- 
hibiting the  standing  of  their  children  and  wards  in  punctuality, 
deportment  and  scholarship. 

REQUIREMENTS    AND    PROHIBITIONS. 

The  following  abstract  of  the  Bules  and  Regulations  exhibits 
the  requirements  and  prohibitions  which  must  be  observed  by 
overy  student.  Iso  person  need  apply  for  admission  who  cannot, 
olt  will  not,  compl}^  with  them. 

REQUIREMENTS. 

Registry  of  name  and  settlement  of  fees  at  the  office  in  adixiTwe, 

Strict  observance  of  study  hours. 

Prompt  and  regular  attendance  at  recitations. 

Faithful  preparation  in  composition  and  declamation. 


182  Doc 

Punctuality  at  morning  and  evening  prayers  in  the  chapel. 

Attendance  at  church  twice  on  the  Sabbath. 

Strict  observance  of  the  rights  of  property. 

Attendance  at  Examinations,  Exhibitions  and  Commencement. 

PROHIBITIONS. 

Clamorous  noise  or  other  disturbance  in  or  near  the  college 
buildings. 

Visiting  during  study  hours  or  on  the  Sabbath. 

The  use  of  intoxicating  drinks,  or  tobacco  in  any  form. 

Profane  or  obscene  language,  or  playing  at  games  of  chance. 

Visiting  groceries,  or  public  places  of  entertainment. 

Unpermitted  association  of  gentlemen  and  ladies. 

Gunpowder,  firearms,  or  deadly  weapons  of  any  kind  on  the 
premises. 

Marking,  cutting,  or  abusing  in  any  way  the  buildings  or  the 
furniture. 

All  immoral,  indecorous  and  uncourteous  conduct. 

KALAMAZOO  COLLEGE. 

Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Dec.  6,  1860. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction : 

Sir — By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  of  Kalamazoo  Col- 
lege, I  herein  submit  the  report  of  the  Institution  which  the  law 
of  the  State  requires,  it  being  the  2tth  annual  report  of  the 
Board. 

REAL    ESTATE. 

About  10  acres  of  land  in  the  village  of  Kalamazoo, 
with  the  College  buildings  and  other  improve- 
ments,   $30,200  00 

Libraries,  Cabinet  and  Apparatus,  &c., 2,000  00 

Musical  Instruments,  Furniture,  &c., 1,600  00 

Permanent  Fund, 22,290  00 

Other  funds,  about 6,000  00 

Total, $62,090  00 


No.  t.  '  183 

Yearly  income  from  all  sources,  about $4,000  00 

For  the  courses  of  study,  text  books,  price  of  tuition,  &c.,  see 
Catalo2:ue,  sent  herewith. 

The  last  report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  is  subjoined. 

Yours,  respectfully, 

SAMUEL  HASKELL. 
Secretary  of  the  Board. 
[The  report  of  the  Kal.  Theo.  Sem.  would  be  much  the  same 
as  that  given  in  1856.] 


REPOET    OF   THE   BOARD   OF  VISITORS,   MADE  JUNE, 

1860. 

The  undersigned  would  respectfully  report  that  some,  or  all 
of  their  number,  in  connection  with  the  Committee  upon  the 
part  of  the  State,  have  visited  the  Institution,  and  attended  its 
examinations  as  it  is  made  their  duty  to  do.  The  result  of  their 
observations  is  briefly  as  follows  : 

At  the  close  of  the  first  term  of  the  present  year,  the  exami- 
nations in  the  various  departments  were  such  as  to  satisfy  your 
Committee  that  the  various  classes  had  made  a  progress  in 
study,  indicating  both  faithful  and  intelligent  labor  on  the  part 
of  their  instructors,  and  industrious  application  by  the  pupils.. 
Especially  of  the  graduating  class  it  is  proper  to  say  that  in 
those  branches  of  study  in  which  they  were  then  examined^ 
they  exhibited  that  accuracy  and  thoroughness  of  scholarship, 
which,  without  doubt,  you  will  require  of  those  upon  whom 
you  confer  the  honors  of  the  Institution. 

The  examinations  just  closed  have  been  followed  by  the  Com- 
mittee as  carefully  and  closely  as  was  consistent  with  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  case,  and  it  is  highly  gratifying  to  us  to  be 
able  to  communicate  our  entire  satisfaction  with  the  progress 
evinxjed.  It  can  hardly  be  necessary  to  say  that  not  the  slight- 
est attempt  was  apparent  on  the  par-t  of  instructors  to  conceal 
the  defects  of  those  under  their  charge  ;  and  that  every  oppor- 
tunity was  afforded  to  your  Committee  to  become  acquainted 


184  Doc 

with  the  progress  and  standing  of  the  classes  and  individual 
pupils,  making  all  due  allowance  for  age,  capacity  and  tempera- 
ment, the  students  have  acquitted  themselves,  with  few  excep- 
tions, to  our  satisfaction. 

It  does  not  appear  to  your  committee  necessary  to  particular- 
ize, when  all  has  been  done  in  each  department  that  seems 
possible  under  the  circumstances.  Yet  of  the  Graduating  and 
Senior  Preparatory  classes  it  may  be  required  of  us  to  speak 
particularly.  An  allusion  has  already  been  made  to  the  Gradu- 
ating class  in  connection  with  the  semi-annual  examination  ; 
and  during  the  present  examination  they  have  borne  the  inqui- 
■sition  creditably  to  themselves  and  their  instructors.  Their 
exercises,  both  written  and  oral,  prepared  and  extemporaneous, 
show  such  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  subjects  studied, 
and  such  general  scholarship  as,  in  the  opinion  of  your  com- 
mittee, to  warrant  the  belief  that  the  class  of  1860  will  be  an 
honor  to  the  Institution,  equally  with  any  former  class,  if  not, 
indeed,  in  a  superior  degree. 

Your  committee  are  glad  to  be  able  to  report,  also,  that  the 
Senior  class  of  the  Preparatory  department  gives  evidence,  not 
only  of  such  a  state  of  advancement  in  their  studies  as  wiU 
undoubtedly  entitle  the  members  thereof  to  enter  the  College 
Course,  but  of  such  a  degree  of  industrious  application  also,  as 
induces  us  to  hope  much  from  them  in  their  fixture  career  in  the 
Institution. 

Of  the  moral  condition  of  the  Institution,  you  will  undoubt- 
edly hear  much  from  other  sources.  But  we  take  pleasure  in 
saying,  that,  so  far  as  our  knowledge  extends,  the  deportment 
of  the  pupils  throughout  the  Institution,  indicates,  on  the  part 
of  those  in  authority,  the  maintenance  of  a  wholesome  degree 
of  discipline,  and  of  those  under  authority,  a  commendabld 
degree  of  obedience  and  self-respect. 

The  buildings  of  the  Institution  appear  to  be  so  constructed 
as  to  secure  sufficient  ventilation  in  those  rooms  where  a  large 
number  of  pupils  are  likely  to  be  congregated,  and  the  appear- 


No.  7.  185 

«,iice  of  the  pupils  indicates  a  degree  of  health  among  them  for 
which  all  parents  and  friends  will  ]pe  deeply  grateful. 

The  physical  condition  of  the  schools  of  our  country,  in  our 
haste  to  develope  the  mental  faculties,  has  been  quite  too  much 
overlooked.  The  already  great  and  rapidly  increasing  number 
of  our  professional  men  who  are  failing  in  physical  strength, 
the  great  number  who  become  seriously  or  hopelessly  sick,  or 
who  die  ^n  advanced  stages  of  study,  or  soon  after  entering 
on  the  duties  of  life  and  cares  of  a  busy  world, — should  warn 
ns  that  there  has  been  in  our  American  system  of  education  a 
GREAT  DEFECT,  whlcli  if  WO  are  wise,  we  will  make  every  effort 
to  remedy.  Your  committee  ca,nnot  refrain  from  an  expression 
of  their  gratification  that  this  all  important  subject  has  begun 
to  attract  to  itself  some  small  share  of  the  attention  which  its 
vital  importance  merits. 

We  would  take  the  liberty  of  suggesting  to  your  body,  inas- 
much as  nothing  has  been  done  hitherto  in  this  direction,  that 
public  sentiment,  and  the  best  interests  of  the  College  and 
those  under  its  care,  appear  to  us  to  demand  that  some  meas- 
ures shall  be  soon  adopted  to  encourage  and  provide  the  means 
for  the  regular  physical  training  of  those  youths  intrusted  to 
your  discipline.  What  measures  it  may  be  adviseable  under 
the  circumstances  for  your  Board  to  take  it  is  not  for  us  to  de- 
termine ;  but  we  should  feel  derelict  in  duty  should  we  with- 
hold  our  serious  convictions  on  this  subject. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

J.  A.  CLARK, 

Chairman. 


MICHIGAN  FEMALE  COLLEGE. 
Hoif.  J.  M.  Gregory,  Supt,  FuUic  Instruction  : 

Sir — The  Michigan  Female  College  is  pleasantly  located  at 

Lansing,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  cond^t'on. 

The  Institution  was  incorporaled  May  14th,  1858,  with  full 

Collegiate  powers,  and  it  will  be  the  constant  aim  of  the  Fac- 
24 


186  Doa 

ulty  and  Trustees  to  render  it  worthy  of  public  confidence  and 
patronage.  * 

TRUSTEES. 

Hon.  J.  W.  Longyear,  President ;  Prof,  J.  C.  Holmes,  Secre- 
tary  ;  Mrs.  H.  S.  Tracy  ;  Miss  Delia  Rogers  ;  Miss  A.  C.  Ro- 
gers, Treasurer. 

TEACHERS. 

Miss  A.  C.  Rogers,  and  Miss  Delia  Rogers,  Principals  ;  Miss 
J.  Babcock,  Vice  Principal ;  Miss  E.  C.  Seager  ;  Miss  V.  Bry- 
ant ;  Miss  L.  Bascom  ;  Schuyler  F.  Seager. 

Number  of  students  during  the  year  ending  Deccember  31st, 

1860, 120 

Seinors,..    12;  Juniors,  1^. 

Amount  of  income, $4,050  00 

The  property  of  the  College  consists  of  twenty  acres 
of  land,  up6n  the  center  of  which  the  buildings 

are  situated,  and  valued  at 10,000  00 

The  land  is  under  cultivation,  preparatory  to  being 
laid  out  into  orchard,  Kitchen  garden,  and  Botani- 
cal and  Ornamental  grounds. 

Buildings, 10,500  00 

Furniture,  Philosophical  apparatus  and  Musical  In- 
struments,        4,900  00 

Subscriptions  yet  unpaid, 6,000  00 

Total, $31,400  00 

The  subscriptions  remaining  unpaid  are  to  be  collected  and 
applied  to  the  erection  of  additional  College  buildings. 

An  effort  will  be  made  the  coming  year  to  complete  the  origi- 
nal design,  and  thus  secure  to  young  ladies  a  College,  pleasant- 
ly located,  where  they  may  attain  a  thorough  Scientific  and 
Classical  education. 

J.  W.  LONGYEAR 
Pre^t  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  C.  Holmes,  Secretary. 


No.  1.  181 

OLIVET  COLLEGE. 

To  the  SupH  of  PuUic  Instruction  : 

Dear  Sir — I  herewith  transmit  to  you  the  Animal  Report  of 
Olivet  Colleg-e.  The  estimated  value  of  the  property  of  the 
College  is  |45,000.  The  Ladies'  hall  has,  within  the  year,  been 
completed.  Our  Library,  which  consisted  of  more  than  one 
thousand  volumes,  has  recently  received  valuable  additions. 

The  subjoined  report  will  represent  the  condition  of  the  Col- 
lege more  in  detail. 

W.  U.  BENEDICT, 

Secretary. 

Olivet,  Nov.,  1860. 

BOARD    OF   TRUSTEES. 

Rev.  M.  W.  Fairfield,  President.  Rev.  L.  Smith  Hobart,  Hud- 
son ;  Rev.  Charles  Temple,  Yermontville ;  Rev.  Wolcott  B. 
Williams,  Charlotte  ;  Hon.  Willard  Davis,  Yermontville  ;  Rev. 
John  S.  Kidder,  Windsor  ;  Rev.  Oramel  Hosford,  Olivet ;  Wil- 
liam H.  Coleman,  Battle  Creek ;  Julius  Keyes,  William  Hos- 
ford, Samuel  F.  Drury,  Albertus  L.  Green,  Olivet ;  Charles  M. 
Bordwell,  Eckford  ;  Fitz  L.  Reed,  Olivet ;  William  B.  Palmer, 
Augusta  ;  Philo  Parsons,  Detroit. 

.     FACULTY. 

Rev.  M.  W.  Fairfield,  A.  M.,  President. 

Rev.  Oramel  Hosford,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy. 

Rev.  John  M.  Barrows,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Botany. 

Rev.  Nathan  J.  Morrison,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  Languages. 

,  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature. 


Asa  K.  Warren,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Instructor  in  Vocal  Music. 


188  Doc. 

FEMALE   DEPARTMENT. 

Ladies'  Board  of  Managers. 

Miss  M.  J.  Andrev^^s,  Mrs.  E.  F.  Fairfield,  Mrs.  A.  H.  Hosford, 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Drury,  Mrs.  E.  M.  E.  Green,  Mrs.  A.  A.  Benedict 

Honorary  Members  of  the  Ladies'  Board. 

Mrs.  L.  S.  Hobart,  Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Dimond,  Mrs.  L,  S.  Thomp- 
son. 

Miss  Mary  J.  Andrews,  Principal. 

SUMMARY. 

College  Department — Gentlemen, 10 

Ladies, » 1 

—11 

Preparatory  Department,  (Glas'l  Course,) — Gentlemen,.. .   29 

Ladies,  . 2 

—31 

Preparatory  Department.  (English  Course,) 33 

Ladies'  Course, 19 

Ladies'  Preparatory, 40 

Whole  number  of  Gentlemen, *  .  . , .   72 

Whole  number  of  Ladies, 61 

133 

COURSE    OF    STUDY COLLEGE   DEPARTMENT. 

Freshman  Year — First  Tei^m. 

Livy,  (Lincoln  ;)  Latin  Prose  composition,  Arnold  ;  History 
of  Rome,  Liddell ;  Homer,  Iliad,  Felton  ;  Algebra,  Eobinson. 

Second  Term. 

Livy,  continued  ;  Latin  Prose  Composition,  continued  ;  Lid- 
dell's  Rome,  continued.  Memorabilia  of  Socrates,  Robbins  ; 
Greek  Prose  Composition,  Arnold  ;  Geometry,  Robinson. 

Third  Term,. 

Horace,  Odes,  Lincoln;  Selections  from  the  Greek  Historians, 
Felton;  History  of  Greece,  Smith ;  Greek  Prose  Composition, 
continued  ;  Greek  Grammar,  Crosby  ;  Geometry,  completed. 


No.  1  189 

Sophomore  Year — First  Term. 

Horace,  Epistles,  Satires  and  Ars  Poetica  ;  FeltoD's  Selec- 
tions, continued;  Smith's  Greece,  continued;  Greek  Prose  Com- 
position, continued;  Evidences  of  Christianity,  Hopkins;  Alge- 
bra, completed. 

Second  Term. 

•  Tacitus — Germania  and  Agricola,  Tyler;  LiddelPs  Rome,- con- 
tinued; JEschylus — Prometheus,  Woolsey;  Smith's  Greece,  con- 
tinued; Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonometry,  Robinson. 

Third  Tei^m.. 

Tacitus — Histories,  Tyler;  Liddeli's  Rome,,  continued;  Sopho- 
cles— Antigone,  Woolsey  ;  Smith's  Greece,  continued  ;  Conic 
Sections,  or  Analytical  Geometry,  Robinson;  Botany,  Wood. 

Junior  Year — First  Term. 

Cicero — De  Offlcis,  Thatcher;  Demosthenes—DeCorona,  Cliamp- 
lin;  Natural  Philosophy — Mechanics  and  Hydrostatics,  01m- 
stead;  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Hitchcock. 

Second  Term. 

Natural  Philosophy — Pneumatics,  Optics,  etc.;  Chemistry, 
with  Lectures,  Silliman;  Logic,  Whately. 

Third  Term. 

Plato — Gorgias,  Woolsey ;  Astronomy,  Olmstead  ;  Rhetoric^. 
Whately. 

Senior  Year — First  Term. 

Elements  of  Criticism,  Kames  ;  Mental  Philosophy,  Haven  ; 
Geology,  v/itli  Lectures,  HHchcock. 

Second  Term. 

Mental  Philosophy,  completed  ;  Butler's  Analogy  ;  Political 
Ethics,  Lieber. 

Tliird  Ta^m. 

Moral  Philosophy,  Lectures  ;  Constitution  of  the  !;United 
States;  American  Institutions,  DeTocqueville. 


190  Doe. 

Lessons  in  the  English  Bible,  Compositions,  Declamations  and 
Extemporaneous  Discussions,  weekly,  and  Original  Declama- 
tions, monthly,  throughout  the  course. 

ENGLISH  COURSE. 

The  course  of  instruction  here  is  designed  to  be  equivalent  to 
that  in  the  best  Academies  and  Union  Schools  ;  embracing 
Reading,  Orthography,  Penmanship,  Mental  and  Written  Arith: 
metic.  Grammar,  Geography,  History,  Algebra,  Physiology, 
Natural  Philosophy,  Elementary  Astronomy  and  Book-Keeping. 

All  students  in  this  Department  are  required  to  attend  week- 
ly exercises  in  the  Bible,  Composition,  Declamation,  and  Dis- 
cussion. 

SCIENTIFIC    COURSE. 

First  Year — First  Term. 

Algebra,  Robinson  ;  United  States  History,  Wiilson  ;  English 
Grammar,  Greene  ;  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Hitchcock. 

Second  Term. 
Geometry,  Robinson  ;  Physical  Geograph}^,  Warren  ;  Drawing. 

Third  Term. 
Geometry  completed  ;  Botany,  Wood  ;  Rhetoric,  Whately. 
Second  Year — First  Term. 

Algebra  completed  ;  Botany  completed  :  Evidences  of  Chris- 
tianity, Hopkins  ;  Geology,  with  Lectures,  Hitchcock. 

Second  Term. 

Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonometry,  Robinson  ;  French,  Fas- 
-quelle's  Course  ;  Logic,  V^'^hately  ;  Chemistry,  with  Lectures, 
Silliman. 

Third  Term. 

Conic  Sections,  or  Analytical  Geometry,  Robinson  ;  Surveying, 
Robinson  ;  Drawing  ;  Guizot's  History  of  Civilization. 

Third  Year — First  Term. 

Natural  Philosophy,  Olmstead  ;  Mental  Philosophy,  Haven  ; 
Karnes'  Elements  of  Criticism. 


No.  1.  191 

Second  Term.     • 

Natural  Philosophy  completed  ;  Mental  Philosophy  completed; 
Butler's  Analogy. 

Third  Term. 

Moral  Philosophy,  Lectures  ;  Constitution  of  the  United  States ; 
American  Institutions,  De  Tocqueville. 

Lessons  in  the  Bible,  Compositions,  Declamations,  and  Extem- 
poraneous Discussions,  weekly,  through  the  course. 

PREPARATORY  DEPARTMENT CLASSICAL  COURSE, 

Junior  Year — First  Terra. 

Latin  Lessons,  Weld  ;  Mental  Arithmetic,  Robinson  ;  Modern 

Greography,  McNally.     Elocution  and  Orthography,  through  the 

course. 

Second  Term. 

Latin  Lessons  continued;  Latin  Grommar,  continued  through 
the  course,  Andrews  and  Stoddard  :  Practical  Arithmetic,  Rob- 
inson ;  English  Grammar,  .Greene. 

Third    Term. 

» 

Latin  Lessons  continued  ;  Cgesar's  Commentaries,  Andrews  ; 
Latin  Prose  Composition,  continued  through  the  course,  Arnold; 
Arithmetic,  continued;  English  Grammar,  continued. 

Middle  Year — First  Term. 
Ancient   Geography    and    History,    continued    through   the 
course,  Putz  and  Arnold:  Gscsar,   continued;  Greek  Grammar, 
continued  through  the  course,  Crosby;  Greek  Lessons,  Crosby; 
United  States  History,  Willson. 

Second  Term. 

Cicero's  Orations,  Johnson;  Written  Translations  and  Analy- 
ses of  the  Orations ;  Greek  Lessons,  continued. 

Third  Term. 

Cicero,  continued  ;  Translations  and  Analyses,  continued  ; 
Anabasis,  Boise;  Arnold's  Greek  Prose  Composition,  continued 
through  the  course. 


193  Doc. 

Senior  Year — First  Term. 

Virgil,  Boweii ;  Latin  Prosody  ;  Anabasis,  continued  ;  Arith- 
metic,  reviewed. 

Second  Term. 

Virgil,  continued  ;  Classical  Mythology  and  Antiquities  ;  An- 
abasis, continued  ;  Homer's  Iliad,  Felton  ;  Greek  Prosody,  Cros- 
by ;  Algebra  to  Quadratic  Equations,  Robinson. 

Tfdrd  Term. 

Virgil,  continued  :  Iliad,  continued  ;  Mythology  and  Antiqui- 
ties ;  General  review  of  studies  for  the  year,  and  Examinations. 

The  course  of  study  and  instruction  defined  above,  is  design- 
ed thoroughly  to  prepare  students  for  admission  to  the  College 
Department  of  this  Institution,  or  to  any  other  College  in  the 
country.  It  is  believed  not  to  be  at  all  too  extended,  or  com- 
prehensive, in  order  to  secure  t-o  the  student  that  discipline  and 
familiarity  with  the  Classics,  which  are  essential  to  a  success-. 
fal  prosecution  of  the  usual  curriculum  of  our  Colleges. 

Superior  previous  discipline  of  mind,  or  proficiency  in  the 
English  branches,  will,  however,  allow  the  completion  of  this 
course  of  study  in  a  somewhat  shorter  period  than  three  years. 

Classes  in  the  Lanf2:uaQ:es  will  be  formed  each  term. 

All  candidates  for  admission  to  the  Freshman  class  will  be 
required  to  pass  an  examination  in  all  the  studies  of  the  course 
above,  or  an  equivalent. 

ladies'  course. 

First  Year — First  Term.  ' 

Ca3sar's  Commentaries,  Andrews  or  Brooks  ;  Cicero's  Orations^ 
Johnson  ;  Elementary  Algebra,  Robinson  ;  Geography  of  the 
Heavens,  Burritt. 

Second  Teimi. 

Cicero's  Orations,  continued:  Higher  Algebra,  Robinson t 
Geometry,  Robinson. 

■  •      Third   Terui. 

Cicero's  Orations, continued;  Geometry,  completed  ;  Drawing, 


No.  1.  '  193 

Second  Year — Firs^Term. 

Higher  Algebra,  completed  ;  Evidences  of  Christianity,  Hop- 
kins ;  Physical  Geography,  Warren, 

Second  Term. 
Trigonometry,  Robinson  ;  French,  Fasqnelle's  Course  ;  Anat- 
omy and  Physiology,  Hitchcock. 

Thdrd  Term. 

Conic  Sections,  or  Analytical  Geometry,  Robinson  ;  French — 
Classical  Reader,  De  Fivas  ;  Botany,  Wood. 

Third  Year — First  Term. 

Natural  Philosophy — Mechanics,  etc.,  Olmstead  ;  French — 
Classical  Reader,  continued  ;  Botany  continued. 

Second  Term. 

Natural  Philosophy — Pneumatics,  Optics,  etc. ;  Logic,  Whate- 
ly :  Chemistry,  with  Lectures,  Silliman. 

Third  Term. 

Astronomy,  Olmstead  ;  Rhetoric,  Whately  ;  Guizot's  History 
of  Civilization. 

Fourth  Year — First  Term. 

Elements  of  Criticism,  Kames  ;  Mental  Philosophy,  Haven  ; 
Geology,  with  Lectures,  Hitchcock. 

Second  Term,. 

Mental  Philosophy  completed  ;  Butler's  Analogy  ;  Political 
Ethics,  Lieber. 

Third  Teimn. 

Moral  Philosophy — Lectures ;  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  ;  American  Institutions,  De  Tocqueville. 

Lessons  in  the  Bible  and  Exercises  in  English  Composition, 
weekly,  during  the  course. 

Preparatory  to  the  previous  course  of  study,  Ladies  will  pur- 
sue the  following  branches  : 

Mental  and  Written  Arithmetic  :  English^^Grammar ;  Elocu- 
25 


lU  Dog. 

tion  ;  Penmanship  ;  Wilfson's  United  States  History  ;  Ancient 
History  ;  Modern  Geography  ;  Ancient  Geography  ;  Latin  Gram- 
mar ;  Weld's  Latin  Lessons  ;  and  one  term  in  Caesar's  Com- 
mentaries. 

LOCATION. 

Olivet  College  is  established  in  the  retired  and  pleasant  vil- 
lage of  Olivet,  Eaton  County,  Michigan,  on  the  directs  route 
from  Marshall,  upon  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  to  Lansing, 
the  Capital  of  the  State — thirteen  miles  from  the  former  place, 
"^nd  twenty-eight  miles  from  the  latter. 

It  is  easily  accessible  by  stage  coach  from  Marshall, — stu- 
dents by  morning  trains  from  Chicago  and  Detroit,  reaching 
Olivet  the  same  evening. 

The  village  is  unusually  free  from  places  of  dissipation  and 
allurements  to  idleness  and  vice.  No  intoxicating  liquors  are 
sold  in  town.  It  is  the  especial  aim  of  the  officers  of  the  Col- 
lege, and  of  the  people  of  Olivet,  to  bring  a  strong  and  genial 
moral  and  religious  influence  to  bear  upon  the  students. 

ADMISSION,    &c. 

Candidates  for  admission  to  any  Department  of  the  Institu- 
tion, must  present  satisfactory  testimonials  of  good  character, 
and,  if  from  other  Institutions,  certificates  of  honorable  dismis- 
sion. 

Students  not  taking  a  regular  course  in  study,  may — subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Faculty — pursue  such  studies  as  they 
shall  elect. 

All  are  expected  to  attend  prayers  daily  in  the  Chapel,  and 
also  public  worship  twice  upon  the  Sabbath. 

Energetic  and  faithful  students  can  usualy  obtain  employment 
at  manual  labor  from  citizens  of  the  place,  by  which  they  are 
able,  in  part,  to  defray  their  expenses.  Some  entirely  pay  their 
board-bills  in  this  manner. 

Text  books  of  all  kinds  can  be  obtained  in  the  village  at  rea- 
sonable prices. 


No.  t.  195 

MUSIC. 

Systematic  and  thorough  instruction  in  Vocal  Music  is  given 
to  all  who  desire  it,  without  extra  charge. 

Instructions  upon  the  Piano,  by  competent  teachers,  is  also 
furnished  upon  the  following  terms : 

Tuition  per  quarter, $8  00 

Use  of  Instrument, 2  00 

Young  ladies  connected  with  the  Institution  are  required  to 
make  their  arrangements  for  instruction  in  music  with  the  Prin- 
cipal of  the  Female  Department. 

In  the  Ladies'  Hall,  board,  room  furnished  as  above,  and  fuel, 
are  provided  for  $1,50  a  week.  . 

Payiiient  of  Term-bill  is  required  in  advance. 

EXAMINATION. 

All  the  classes  of  the  Institution  are  examined  in  the  presence 
and  under  the  direction  of  a  Committee  of  Gentlemen  of  edu- 
cation, chosen  annually  by  the  Trustees.  These  examinations 
are  always  public. 

The  following  Gentlemen  have  been  requested  to  act  as  the 
Committee  of  Examination  for  the  Academical  year  1860-61: 
Rev.  Philo  E,.  Hurd,  Romeo;  Rev.  James  Ballard,  Lament;  Rev. 
E.  S.  Davies,  Battle  Creek. 

TERMS    AND    VACATIONS. 

The  Academical  year  embraces  three  terms: — The  first  begin- 
ning on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  September  and  ending  on  the 
Sajdifd^  next  preceding  Christmas  ;  the  second  commencing 
immediately  after  the  holidays,  and  closing  on  the  fourth 
Wednesday  of  March;  and  the  third  beginning  immediately 
after  the  close  of  the  second  term  and  ending  with  the  Com- 
mencement on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  June. 

There  is  a  recess  of  all  the  classes  during  the  holidays, 
between  the  first  and  second  terms,  and  a  vacation  of  thirteen 
weeks,  commencing  on  Friday  following  the  fourth  Thursday  of 
June. 


196  .  i>oo 

For  the  present  year,  however,  owing  to  a  change  in  the 
time  of  the  Commencement,  the  second,  or  Winter  term,  will 
begin  the  fourth  Thursday  of  November,  and,  with  the  recess 
during  the  holidays,  continue  till  the  fourth  Wednesday  in 
March.  Classes  will  be  formed  both  at  the  opening  of  this 
term,  and  also  immediately  after  the  recess  in  January. 

CALENDAR 1 860. 

Aug.  21.  Fall  Term  of  thirteen  weeks  begins — Tuesday  morning. 

Nov.  20.  Fall  Term   ends — Tuesday  night.     Vacation  of   on€ 

week. 

Nov.  29.     Winter  term  of  fifteen  and  one-half  weeks  begins — 

Thursday  morning. 
Dec.    22.     Recess  for  the  Holidays — Saturday  night. 

1861.  * 

January  2.     Recitations  resumed — Wednesday  morning. 
March  27.     Winter  term  ends — ^Wednesday  night. 

''      28.     Spring  Term  of  thirteen  weeks  begins — Thursday 
morning. 
June  24-26.  Examination — Monday,  Tuesday  and  Wednesday 
"  21.  Commencement — Fourth  Thursday  in  June. 

VACATION    OF   THIRTEEN   WEEKS. 

Sept.  26.     Fall  Term  begins — Thursday  morning. 
Dec.    21.     Fall  Term  ends — Saturday  night. 

REPORT    OF   THE   VISITING    COMMITTEE    OF    OLIVET    COLLEGE. 

To  the  Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  SupH  of  Public  Instruction  : 

The  undersigned,  having  been  appointed  a  committee  to  visit 
Olivet  College,  would  respectfully  report,  that  we  have  com- 
plied with  the  request  made  of  us,  having  been  present  at  the 
annual  examination  in  August. 

The  College  is  located  about  twelve  or  fourteen  miles  north 
of  the  City  of  Marshall.  It  is  in  a  beautiful,  retired  spot,  where 
the  students  are  free  from  the  allurements  to  which  they  would 
be  exposed  in  a  large  village.  So  far  as  the  committee  were 
able  to  judge,  the  location  would  seem  to  be  healthful. 


No.  T.  -  19t 

Almost  the  entire  village  seems  to  be  devoted  to  the  pros- 
perity of  the  Institution.  Although  there  are  few  men  of  wealth 
among  the  inhabitants,  they  have  contributed  largely,  during 
the  past  year,  toward  the  erection  of  a  new  building.  They 
seem  to  feel  that  the  College  is  theirs,  and  that  they  are  respon- 
sible for  its  prosperity  and  usefulness,  no  less  than  are  the 
Professors. 

A  substantial  and  handsome  brick  building  has  just  been 
completed,  which  is  designed  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
young  ladies.  It  is  fitted  up  as  a  boarding-hall,  comprising 
accommodations  for  a  family,  cooking  and  dining  apartments, 
and  comfortable  dormitories  for  fifty  or  sixty  young  ladies. 
Immediately  connected  with  this  building  is  a  gymnasium, 
which  is  almost  completed.  This  provision  for  the  physical 
development  of  the  young  ladies,  the  committee  feel  -is  worthy 
of  a  word  of  special  commendation.  It  ought  to  be  a  feature 
of  all  our  educational  institutions.  When  the  physical  is  as 
carefully  provided  for  as  is  the  intellect,  our  sons  and  daughters 
will  not  enter  upon  the  active  duties  of  life  only  to  break  down 
under  the  pressure,  as  do  many  of  them  now. 

Perhaps  we  should  have  mentioned  before,  that  the  Olivet 
College  ofi'ers  the  same  advantages  to  females  that  it  does  to 
males.  The  course  and  the  teachers  are  the  same  for  both.  As 
provisions  were  first  made  for  males,  they  are  very  naturally 
not  so  complete  now  as  those  for  females. 

A  wood  building  affords  the  males  comfortable  accommoda- 
tions, at  present,  which  will  ultimately  give  place  to  a  more 
substantial  and  commodious  structure  of  brick. 

The  Institution  has  only,  very  lately,  commenced  working 
under  a  regular  College  charter.  The  committee,  therefore, 
could  not  reasonably  expect  great  advancement,  they  could  only 
look  for  thoroughness  in  teaching,  and  study. 

A  part  of  the  committee  at  least,  was  able  to  make  a  thorough 
examination  of  the  classes.  We  are  happy  to  be  able  to  report 
that  we  were  very  much  gratified.  There  was  no  evidence 
whatever,  of  favoritism  on  the  part  of  tlie  teachers.     Each  stu- 


198  Doc. 

dent  was  left  to  stand  or  fall,  according  to  merit,  or  the  waAt 
of  it. 

Of  course  there  were  various  degrees  of  success  manifested 
among  the  pupils.  This  must  always  be  the  case,  as  long  as 
there  are  various  degrees  of  natural  endowments.  The  average 
of  scholarship  was  certainly  good.  The  students  seemed  to 
to  have  studied^  not  to  make  recitations,  but  to  master  the  sub- 
ject. There  was  a  ready  promptness  that  indicated  familiarity 
not  only  with  a  part,  but  with  the  whole  subject,  so  far  as  it  had 
been  studied.  We  were  pleased  to  notice  a  good  degree  of  en- 
thusiasm among  the  pupils,  without  which,  thorough  scholars 
are  never  made. 

The  good  recitations  were  confined  to  no  particular  depart- 
ments. Some  classes  surpassed  others.  We  would  not  under- 
take to  say  that  there  could  not  be  improvement  in  all,  yet  all 
did  well,  and  some  did  excellently  well. 

The  conclusion  to  which  we  came,  was  that  the  teachers  were 
thorough,  and  the  students  generally  faithful. 

We  must  say,  for  the  managers  of  the  Institution,  that  a  vast 
deal  of  w-brk  is  done  for  the  amount  of  funds  employed.  Per- 
haps nowhere,  is  there  more  accomplished  with  the  same  money. 
A  Professorship  in  Olivet  College  is  no  sinecure.  The  men  who 
cast  in  their  lot  there,  are  manifestly  expected  to  work.  If  the 
"laborer  is  worthy  of  his  hire,''  we  think  the  Professors  earn  all 
they  get. 

We  cannot  close  this  report  without  refering  to  the  moral 
and  religious  tone  of  the  College.  Whilst  there  was  no  "Evi- 
dence of  partizan,  or  sectarian  spirit,  there  seemed  to  be  a 
religious  atmosphere  prevading  every  thing.  Each  recitation 
was  preceeded  by  the  singing  of  a  verse  or  two,  of  some 
familiar  hymn,  by  the  class.  Scientific  and  classical  attain- 
ments were  made  to  appear  important,  but  not  more  so  than 
Christianity.  One  could  hardly  fail  to  notice  the  acknowledg- 
ment, tacitly  made,  that  all  this  study  and  labor,  was  to  make 
preparation  for  usefulness,  in  higher  and  holier  things.  With- 
out any  parade  or  affectation,  whatever,  Christanity  was  grace- 


No.  1.  199 

fully  and  naturally  enthroned  as  sumpreme,  just  as  it  should  be, 
always.  Under  such  circumstances  we  should  expect  the  gov- 
ernment of  the .  Institution  to  be  mild  and  firm,  and  character- 
ised by  much  love.  Little  discijoline  is  likely  to  be  necessary, 
where  there  is  so  much  of  the  spirit  of  genuine  Christianity. 

Upon  the  whole,  our  report  would  be  unjust,  it  it  were  an 
unfavorable  one.     We  cannot  doubt  that  Olivet  will  give  a  good 
account  of  herself,  as  long  as  she  is  controlled  as  at  present. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

SAM'L  D.  COCHRANE, 
WILLIAM  A.  McCORKLE, 

Visiting  Com.  Olivet  College. 
Sept.  19th,  1860. 


MICHIGAN  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTE. 

Leoni,  Nov.  19,  1860. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gkegory,  Supf.  of  Public  Instruction  : 

Bear  Sir — I  herewith  transmit  the  annual  report  of  our  Insti- 
tution. This  Institution  has  heen  in  operation  one  year.  The 
number  of  students  in  attendance  during  the  year,  have  exceed- 
ed one  hundred.  There  is  but  a  small  deficit  from  the  regular 
income,  meeting  current  expenses.  And  in  order  to  increase 
tiie  facilities  for  education,  and  to  have  a  permanent  basis  for 
the  support  of  the  Institution,  the  Trustees  have  made  arrange- 
ments to  secure  an  endowment  fund. 

Three  buildings  are  now  in  use.  One,  a  Chapel,  recitation 
rooms,  a  reading  room,  and  a  music  room  ;  one  is  used  as  a 
gentlemen's  hall,  and  one  as  a  ladies  hall.  Eight  acres  of  land 
constitute  the  Institute  grounds. 

Board  cf  Trustees, — Rev.  Hiram  Rathbun,  Rev.  W.  S.  Titus, 
Rev.  Aaron  Bowser,  Rev.  G.  C.  Fox,  Rev.  Stephen  Lee,  Rev.  E. 
Hall,  Wm.  Garner,  Esq. 

Principal. — Mr.  S.  B.  Allen. 

Principal  of  Female  Department. — Mrs.  Emma  Lane. 


200  Doc. 

The  Academic  year  commences  August  30th,  and  is  divided 
into  three  terms  of  thirteen  weeks  each. 

The  Fall  Term  commences  August  30th,  and  closes  November 
29th.  and  is  succeeded  by  a  vacation  of  one  week. 

The  Winter  Term,  commences  December  6th,  and  closes 
March  Tth,  and  is  succeeded  by  a  vacation  of  two  weeks. 

The  Spring  and  Summer  term,  commences  March  21st,  and 
closes  June  20th,  and  is  succeeded  by  a  vacation  of  ten  weeks. 

EXPENSES    PER   TERM. 

'  Tuition,  Common  English  Branches, $3  50 

"        Higher  English  Branches  and  Languages, 5  00 

Room  rent  in  the  Institution, 1  50 

Incidentals — ringing  the  bell,  sweeping  halls  and  recitation 

rooms  and  furnish  fuel  for  the  latter, 75 

The  rooms  occupied  by  students  in  the  Institution  are  fur- 
nished with  stoves,  bedsteads,  chairs  and  tables. 

There  are  three  examinations  during  the  year,  occurring  at 
the  close  of  each  term. 

The  annual  exhibition  is  held  in  the  Chapel  at  the  close  of 
the  third  term. 

The  course  of  study  is  liberal  and  extensive,  and  no  pains 
will  be  spared  to  make  the  Institute  a  thorough  instrumentality 
in  the  cause  of  education. 

AARON  BOWSER, 
Se&y  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


COLON  SEMINARY. 

This  School  fails  to  report  anything  but  its  officers  and  a  list 
of  students.     We  give  the  list  of  officers  : 

Board]of  Trustees — Wm.  F.  Bowman,  Chas.  L.  Miller,  Henry 
K.  Farrand,  A.  J.  Kinne,  J.  H.  Culver,  E.  Parsons,  William  R. 
Eck. 

President — H.  K.  Farrand  ;  Secretary — A.  J.  Kinne  ;  Friiid- 
pal — 0.  Moffatt ;  Assistants — Amelia  Moffatt,  Kate  Preston. 


No.  1.  201 

DETROIT   FEMALE    SEMINARY. 

To  the  SupH.  of  Public  Instrution  for  the  State  of  Michigan : 

At  the  request  of  Frederick  Buhl,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  "  Detroit  Female  Seminary,"  the  undersigned, 
the  Principal  of  said  Seminary,  Respectfully  Reports — 

1st.  That  the  Seminar^''  owns  two  lots  of  land  oh  the  corner 
of  Fort  and  Wayne  streets,  in  the  city  of  Detroit,  estimated  to 
be  worth,  with  the  buildings  thereon,  seventeen  thousand  dol- 
lars ;  and  said  Seminary  has  no  funds  or  endowments  of  any 
kind,  save  subscription  of  Stock,  applicable  to  the  payment  for 
said  real  estate. 

2d.  That  the  yearly  income  from  tuition,  is  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  three  thousand  dollars. 

3d.  That  the  number  of  instructors  is  six,  and  tho  present 
number  of  students  is  eighty. 

4th.  The  studies  pursued,  the  Books  used,  the  course  of  In- 
struction and  terms  of  tuition,  will  appear  from  the  accompa- 
nying extract  from  our  annual  Catalogue. 

J.  V.  BEANB, 

Principal. 

CIRGITLAE. 

This  Institution  was  opened  in  September,  1859,  under  the 
charge  of  Rev.  J.  V.  Beane,  late  of  the  Salisbury  Mansion 
School,  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  as  Principal,  and  several  fully 
competent  assistants,  in  a  rented  building,  possessing-  insuffi- 
cient accommodations;  but  the  results,  thus  far,  have  not  only 
satisfied  the  Trustees  of  the  need  of  the  undertaking,  but  of 
the  ability  of  the  instructors,  and  give  promise  of  full  success. 

The  Trustees  are  now  happy  to  announce  that  they  have  pur- 
chased for  the  Seminary  the  large  brick  dwelling  house  and 
vacant  lot  adjoining,  on  the  north-east  corner  of  Fort  and 
Wayne  streets,  known  as  the  residence  of  Captain  Phillips 
which  citizens  of  Detroit  will  recognise  as  a  most  pleasant  and 
26 


202  Doc. 

desirable  location.  This  building  will  be  at  once  fitted  up  for 
the  use  of  the  school,  and  enlarged  as  its  wants  will  requiie. 
The  Fall  Term  will  open  at  the  new  location  on  the  10th  day  of 
September. 

APPARATUS. 

The  Seminary  has  been  furnished  with  a  valuable  Philosophi- 
cal Apparatus,  Outline  Maps,  Charts,  Globes,  etc.,  which  are 
freely  used  in  class  exercises  and  lectures. 

DEPARTMENTS. 

The  Seminary  embraces  three  departments — the  Primary,  Ac- 
ademic and  Collegiate  departments, — and  these  again  embrace 
several  divisions  or  classes,  which  are  numbered  according  to 
the  degree  of  advancement,  the  higher  numbers  designating 
the  more  advanced  division. 

COURSE    OF    STUDY. 

Primary  Department. 

Intellectual  Arithmetic,  Introductory  Geography,  Primary 
History  of  the  United  States,  Eeading,  Spelling  and  Defining, 
Penmanship,  Linear  Drawing,  Chiids  Book  of  Nature,  First 
Lessons  in  French,  (optional). 

Academic  Department — First  Division. 

Intellectual  Arithmetic,  Written  Arithmetic,  Intermediate 
Geography,  History  of  the  United  States,  First  Lessons  in 
Botany,  Reading,  Spelling  and  Defining,  Penmanship,  (French 
and  Latin, — optional.) 

SECOND    DIVISION. 

Higher  Arithmetic,  Geography  with  Outline  Maps  and  use  of 
Globes,  Physiology,  English  History,  Botany,  Reading,  Spelling 
and  Defining,  English  Grammar,  Penmanship,  French  or  Latin, 
(optional.) 

THIRD   DIVISION. 

Algebra,  Arithmetic  Reviewed,  French  History,  Physical 
Geography,  Natural  History,  English  Analysis,  Rhetoric, 
French  or  Latin,  Elocution,  Penmanship. 


So.  T.  203 

Collegiate   Dej^artmenf, 

FIRST   DIVISION. 

Geometry,  Natural  Philosophy,  General  History  with  An- 
cient Geography,  Geology,  Elements  of  Criticism,  Critical  Read- 
ings of  English  Classics,  Chemistry,  French  or  Latin. 

Second  Division. 

Astronomy,  Intellectual  Philosophy,  Moral  Philosophy,  Na- 
tural Theology,  Political  Economy,  Evidences  of  Christianity, 
Butler's  Analogy,  French  or  Latin. 

Stated  Exercises  in  Reading,  Spelling,  Defining,  Compositions, 
Rehearsals,  and  Yocal  Music,  through  the  entire  course. 

Classical  Course. 

Weld's  Latin  Exercises,  xindrews'  &  Stoddard's  Latin  Grammar 
and  Reader,  Caesar's  Commentaries,  Cornelius  Nepos,  Cicero's 
Select  Orations,  Sallust,  Yirgil,  Arnold's  Prose  Compositions, 
Grecian  and  Roman  Antiquities. 

French  Course. 

First  Lessons  in  French,  Fasquelle's  Grammar,  (oral  exerci- 
ses,) Dramatic  Reader,  Noel  and  Chapsel's  Grammar,  Corinne, 
Racine  Maliere's  Select  Plays,  Lamartine,  Written  Exercises 
and  Translations.  Conversations  and  Recitations  conducted  in 
French. 

German  Course. 

Woodbury's  Method,  Adler's  Reader,  Schiller's  Select  Plays, 
Goethe's  Select  Works.  Compositions  and  Conversations  in 
German. 

Music. 

Instruction  is  given  in  Music  on  the  Piano,  Guitar  or  Organ  ; 
and  also  in  Yocal  Music,  in  classes  or  privately. 

Painting  and  Drawing. 

These  accomplishments,  in  all  their  varieties,  are  taught  by 
accomplished  teachers. 


204  Doc. 

TERMS    AND    VACATIONS. 

The  Academic  Year,  commencing  early  in  September,  is  di- 
vided into  four  equal  terms  of  ten  weeks,  called  respectively — 
the  Fall,  Winter,  Spring  and  Summer  Terms.  There  is  a  short 
vacation  during  the  season  of  Christmas  and  New  Year's  Holi- 
days ;  another  of  one  week  after  the  Spring  Term  ;  and  another 
of  ten  weeks  after  the  Summer  Term. 

CALENDAR    FOR    1860 1861. 

Fall  Term  opens  on  Monday,  Sept.  10th. 
Winter  Term  opens  on  Monday,  Nov.  19th. 
Spring  Term  opens  on  Monday,  Feb.  4th. 
Summer  Term  opens  on  Monday,  April  21st. 

ADMISSION. 

Candidates  for  admission  to  the  Primary  Department  must  be 
able  to  read,  with  tolerable  fluency,  the  English  language. 

For  admission  to  the  higher  departments  the  candidate  must 
sustain  a  good  moral  character.  Each  pupil,  on  entering  the 
Institution,  is  examined  in  regard  to  the  attainments  she  may 
have  already  made,  and  her  place  in  the  course  of  study  is  as- 
signed her,  in  accordance  with  such  examination.  Pupils  are 
not  received  for  a  shorter  period  than  one  term.  No  deduction 
from  tuition  for  absence  at  the  opening,  or  in  course  of  the  term, 
except  in  cases  of  protracted  sickness,  involving  a  loss  of  time 
equal  to  half  a  term  ;  provided,  however,  that  applicants  as 
permanent  pupils  may  be  admitted  at  any  time  to  classes  already 
formed,  and  be  charged  only  from  time  of  entrance. 

If  possible,  pupils  should  be  present  at  the  opening  of  the 
term,  when  the  classes  are  formed  and  studies  arranged. 

BOARDING. 

It  is  intended,  as  soon  as  this  object  can  be  reached,  to  pro- 
vide ample , accommodations  for  board  in  connection  with  the 
Seminary.  At  present,  pupils  from  abroad  can  be  provided  for 
in  good  private  families,  and  at  reasonable  rates. 


No.  1.  205 


INSTRUCTION. 

The  instrnction  given  in  all  the  departments  is  of  the  most 
thorough  kind.  Nothing  is  passed  over  superficially.  The  pu- 
pil is  expected  to  master  thoroughly  her  studies  as  she  advan* 
oes.  To  awaken  thought,  to  arouse  and  stimulate  to  vigorous 
action  all  the  faculties  pf  the  mind,  by  a  strict  and  philosophical 
analysis  of  every  subject  of  study,  is  the  constant  aim  of  the 
teachers.  In  this  way  the  pupil  is  made  to  know  and  to  use  Iwr 
own  powers,  and  to  become  self-reliant  and  strong  to  grapple 
with  the  sterner  duties  and  trials  of  life. 

DISCIPLINE. 

The  government  is  mild  and  parental,  but  tempered  with  de- 
cision and  iirmness.  All  its  regulations  are  reasonable,  such 
only  as  its  highest  interests  require,  and  to  these  all  its  mem- 
bers are  expected  to  yield  a  cheerful  obedience.  For  securing 
punctuality,  diligence  and  obedience,  constant  appeals  are  made 
to  the  conscience  and  heart  of  the  pupil,  by  presenting  the  high- 
er motives  of  filial  and  moral  obligations  drawn  from  the  word 
of  God. 

HEALTH,  MORALS  AND  MANNERS. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  thorough  ventilation  and  proper 
temperature  of  the  school  rooms,  to  the  requisite  amount  of 
daily  exercise  in  open  air,  to  a  careful  observation  of  all  the 
laws  of  health  and  muscular  development,  and  to  the  cultiva- 
tion, among  the  pupils,  of  that  refinement  of  feeling  and  that 
style  of  manners  which  characterize  the  truly  accomplished 
lady. 

Moral  and  religious  instruction  is  given  by  short  and  famil- 
iar lectures  and  practical  remarks  in  connection  with  the  read 
ing  of  the  Scriptures  and  devotional  exercises  of  the  school. 
While  it  is  no  part  of  our  plan  to  teach  doctrinal  theology,  or 
the  tenets  of  any  particular  sect,  we  deem  it  our  dffty  on  suita- 
ble occasions,  to  inculcate  the  great  principles  of  practical  reli- 
gion. 


206  ^  Doc. 

RECORDS. 

A  daily  record  is  made  of  the  attendance,  scholarship  and  de- 
portment of  every  pupil,  from  which  reports  are  made  and  sent 
to  the  parents  periodically,  to  be  by  them  examined,  counter- 
signed and  returned.  Parents  and  guardians  are  earnestly  de- 
sired to  make  account  of  them.  They  cost  the  teachers  much 
labor,  and  their  silent  influence  is  great.  Parents  and  teachers 
have  a  common  interest,  and  should  ever  be  distinct  echoes 
of  each  other.  Their  co-operation  is  powerful — their  dissent 
ruinous. 

EXAMINATIONS. 

There  will  be  frequent  examinations  of  the  pupils  by  the  com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  Trustees,  and  at  the  close  of  the  Winter 
and  Summer  Terms,  before  the  Board  of  Trustees,  at  which  the 
parents  and  friends  of  the  pupils  are  invited  to  be  present. 
Pupils  are  all  expected  to  be  present  at  these  examinations. 

COURSE  OF  STUDY DIPLOMAS. 

The  course  of  study  prescribed  by  the  Trustees,  though  some- 
what extended,  embraces  no  more  than  the  present  advanced 
state  of  female  education  in  our  country  demands  ;  and  it  is 
earnestly  to  be  hoped  that  those  who  enter  the  Seminary  will 
have  the  ambition  and  perseverance  to  complete  the  full  course. 
Young  ladies  who  shall  have  sustained  satisfactory  examina- 
tions in  all  the  prescribed  studies  of  the  English  course,  or  their 
equivalent,  will  be  entitled  to  a  diploma  bearing  the  seal  of  the 
Institution,  and  subscribed  by  its  officers  and  teachers. 

EXPENSES    PER   TERM TEN    WEEKS.  f 

For  Tuition  Primary  Department,  English  Branches, ....  $  6  00 

"  Academic   Department, $10  00  to  12  00 

"  Collegiate  Department, > 15  00 

EXTRAS OPTIONAL. 

For  Instruction  in  Latin  or  French  : 

Primary  Department, $3  00 

x^cademic  Department 5  00 

Collegiate  Department, 6  00 


No.  7.  201 

For  Instruction  in  German  or  Italian, $.600 

"  "     Piano  Music,  with  Singing,  .$  8  00  to  12  00 

'*     Organ  Music, . 10  00  to  15  00 

"  "     Vocal  Music,  Private  Lessons, 10  00 

"  ''     Drawing, — Linear,   Perspective,  or    ' 

Crayon, 6  00 

"  "     Painting — Oil   Colors,   Water   Colors, 

or  Pastel, 10  00 

Vocal  Music,  in  classes,  and  Penmanship,  receive  special  at- 
tention, free  of  charge. 

Tuition  bill  payable  to  principal  on  Wednesday  of  the  second 
week  in  each  Term.  The  necessities  of  a  new  institution,  and 
the  moderate  rate  of  tuition,  as  compared  with  the  expenses 
of  the  school,  make  such  an  arrangement  necessary  ;  and  it  is 
hoped  the  patrons  of  the  Seminary  will  promptly  comply  with  it. 


GERMAN  ENGLISH  SCHOOL  ASSOCIATION  AT  DETROIT. 

To  the  Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction: 

Dear  Sir  :— I  have  the  honor  of  presenting  the  following 
report  of  the  condition  of  the  German  English  School,  in 
Detroit,  during  the  year  ending  August  15,  1860. 

According  to  the  laws  of  the  German  English  School  Asso- 
ciation, vacation  time  shall  begin  at  the  end  of  Juty  ;  but  this 
year  we  kept  school  up  to  the  15th  of  August,  in  order  to  be 
able  to  commence  school  again  in  our  new  school-house,  which 
was  building  at  that  time. 

NUMBER    OF    PUPILS. 

Boys.        Girls.        Total. 

First  Class, 8  3         11 

Second  Class, 24         10         34 

Third  Class, 48         38         86 

131 


208  Doc, 

TEACHERS. 

F.  Vireoke,  C.  Goatz, Borgmann. 

Gal.  Melahers,  Drawing  Master. 

Miss  Larohner,  Teacher  of  the  Industrial  School. 

A  list  of  the  Text  Books  we  use,  I  gave  you  in  my  last 
report. 

To  the  studies  that  are  pursued  in  our  institution,  we  hav^ 
added  Natural  Philosophy  for  the  First   Class.    . 

Our  new  school-house  has  three  stories.  On  the  first  floor 
there  are  two  large  rooms  and  one  small  one.  On  the  second 
floor,  there  are  four  rooms  ;  and  on  the  third  floor,  a  large  hall. 
At  present  only  three  of  these  rooms  are  used  as  school-rooms. 

To  our  apparatus  only  a  few  additions  were  made  last  year. 

Miss  Larohner,  the  Teacher  of  the  Industrial  School,  does  not 
receive  any  salary  for  devoting  a  part  of  her  time  to  our  School, 
therefore  she  deserves  our  special  thanks 

Annexed  you  will  find  a  report  of  our  Treasurer. 

All  of  wliich  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Fl.  VIREOKE, 

Principal  of  the  German  English  l^thool. 

REPORT    OF    THE   TREASURER. 

The  German  English  School  Association  is  possessed  of  the 
following  property  : 

REAL    ESTATE. 

Lot  No.  58,  north  side  of  Lafayette  Street,  Mullet  farm,  so 
called.  City  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  with  the  buildings  thereon, 

estimated  at, '. $5,500  00 

Apparatus  and  Fixtures,  estimated  at 350  00 

Funds  on  hand  including  outstanding  money  for  tui- 
tion,        100  00 

Total, $5,950  00 

The  annual  regular  resources  of  the  Association  from  all 
sources,  amount  to  to  about  $l,t 00  00. 

Id  the  last  year,  however,  including  the  subscription  for  the 
new  building,  and  the  proceeds  of  a  fair  held  for  that  purpose, 
$2,800  00.  EUGENE  FECHT, 

Treasurer  Ger.  Eng.  School  Association. 
Detroit,  October  27th,  1860. 


No.|7.  •  209 

DICKINSON  INSTITUTE, 

Report    of   the    Visitors   of  Dickinson  Instilute,  Romeo,  to  the. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

This  school,  after  a  suspension  of  one  term,  was  opened  Sep- 
tember 6,  1859,  under  Rev.  D.  J.  Poor,  as  Princial,  assisted  by 
a  corps  of  teachers  from  New  England.  It  is  divided  into  two 
departments — the  Preparatory,  and  the  Higher  The  Prepara- 
tory Department  has  been  under  the  charge  of  a  lady  of 
thorough  mental  culture,  and  large  experience  in  teaching,  and 
has  been  highly  successful  and  satisfactory.  The  object  has 
been  to  lay  broad  and  deep,  the  foundations  of  a  good  educa- 
tion— to  drill  the  pupils  thoroughly  in  the  rudiments  of  learn- 
ing ;  and  this  high  object,  we  are  happy  to  say,  has  in  our  esti- 
mation, in  a  very  flattering  degree,  been  attained.  The  method 
of  instruction  has  been  various,  and  in  accordance  with  the 
most  improved  forms  which  recent  improvements  in  the  art 
have  developed.  "  Object  lessons"  have  been  practiced  from 
the  first,  mingled  in  with  other  exercises.  Tablet  and  other 
drawing  has  also  been  practiced  by  all  the  pupils,  from  the 
oldest  to  the  youngest  ;  and  in  this,  very  great  proficiency  has 
been  made.  This  department  the  visitors  would  commend  as  a 
model  in  primary  instruction — a  model  as  worthy  of  imitation, 
as  it  is  of  praise. 

The  Higher  Department  has  been  under  the  immediate  care 
and  instruction  of  the  Principal,  assisted  by  a  most  competent 
and  efficient  lady  teacher.  The  classes  in  mathematics  have 
been,  for  the  most  part,  under  the  charge  of  the  lady  assistant, 
and  through  the  thoroughness  of  the  drill  to  which  they  have 
been  subjected,  and  the  enthusiasm  with  which  she  has  been 
able  to  inspire  them,  they  have  reached  a  degree  of  accuracy 
and  rapidity  in  their  performances  wLich  are  rarely  equaled  in 
any  ot  our  higher  institutions.  Mental  Arithmetic  has  been 
made  a  permanent  study  by  the  entire  school,  from  which  very 
great  advantages  have  been  gained. 

The  classes  in  the  languages  have  been  under  the  constant 
27 


210  •  Doc. 

instruction  of  the  Principal,  whose  object  has  evidently  been 
rather  to  drill  them  into  a  familiar  knowledge  of  the  rudimentis, 
than  to  carry  them-  over  a  large  extent  of  reading.  This 
school,  in  our  opinion,  furnishes  excellent  opportunities  for 
young  men  who  are  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  prepara- 
tion for  College.  « 

At  the  public  examinations  of  the  school,  which  have  been 
held  at  the  close  of  each  term,  the  classes  in  the  departments 
have  sustained  themselves  with  great  credit  to  their  teachers, 
and  universal  satisfactiou  to  the  visitors  and  patrons.  The  vis- 
itors have  been  particularly  pleased  with  the  excellent  order 
which  has  pervaded  the  school.  The  government  has  been 
mild  and  paternal,  yet  firm,  securing  the  utmost  subjection  to 
rule,  and  the  most  undivided  attention  to  study.  A  good  moral 
tone  has  also  seemed  to  pervade  the  school,  and  a  kind  and 
manly  bearing  in  the  deportment  of  the  scholars  towards  one- 
another,  and  towards  their  teachers.  The  school-room  is  a  very 
model  of  neatness — the  seats  and  desks  being  kept  as  free  from 
stains  and  as  unmarred,  as  if  they  belonged  to  any  private 
parlor.  This  school  is  an  object  of  special  interest  in  the  com- 
munity in  which  it  is  located  ;  and  by  a  liberality  worthy  of  all 
commendation,  they  have  placed  it  upon  a  pecuniary  basis 
which  will  secure  for  it  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  and  useful- 
ness for  many  years  to  come. 

In  bel  al  of  the  Board  of  Visitors, 

PHILO  E.  HUED. 

N^omeo,  A^ov,  27,  I  SCO. 


FIFTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  DISCO  ACADEMY. 

Disco,  Nov.  26,  1860. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  Suj^t.  of  Fublic  Instruction. 

Disco  Academy  is  located  on  a  healthful  and  beautiful  plain, 
nearly  central  on  a  meridian  line  north  and  south  in  the  eastern 
division  of  the  State,  in  the  western  part  of  the  county  of  Mar 


1:^0.  t.  211 

comb.  The  building-  was  completed  with  considerable  embar- 
rassment, and  the  school  commenced  operations  in  June,  A.  D. 
1850,  under  rather  discouraging  circumstances.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  the  year  1855,  and  we,  the  undersigned  Trustees, 
have  the  pleasure  to  report,  that  through  the  influence  of  indi- 
vidual enterprise,  and  the  arduous  exertions  of  our  Principal, 
this  Institution  has  far  exceeded  our  most  distant  anticipations. 
It  stands  remote  from  many  direful  influences  strewn  in  the 
■path  of  youth,  so  common  in  many  of  our  cities,  large  towns, 
and  business  places,  and  on  this  account  it  doubtless  gained  a 
'reputation  and  patronage  by  students  from  abroad. 

The  sciences  taught  are  the  same  as  are  usually  taught  in  in- 
stitutions of  the  kind.  The  text  books  are  designed  to  be  the 
same  as  used  in  the  State  Normal  School,  and  the  course  of  in- 
struction, as  far  as  practicable,  is  intended  ^  to  be  of  a  normal 
character. 

In  this  Institution  the  primary  scholar  can  advance  and  qual- 
ify himself  for  teaching,  and  also  prepare  himself  for  entering 
the  higher  institutions  of  learning  in  the  State. 

A  teachers'  class  is  •  always  open  for  the  special  benefit  of 
school  teachers,  in  which  they  can  enter,  review  their  studies, 
and  be  thoroughly  drilled  in  the  branches  required  to  be  taught 
in  our  primary  schools. 

We  might  here  remark  that  this  Institution  has  qualified  and 
sent  forth  a  vast  number  of  teachers,  and  we  regret  to  say,  that 
no  legislative  aid  can  be  granted  to  institutions  that  contribute 
so  liberally  by  qualifying  teachers  for  primary  schools. 

TRUSTEES  : 

John  Keeler,  Chauncy  Church,  Aionzo  M.  Keeler,  Edward  Petit, 
Oalvin  Pierce,  Ira  S.  Pcarsail,  Jeremiah  Curtis,  Pliilander  Ewell, 
Robert  R,  Harper. 

OFFICEES  : 

Ohauncey  Church,  President,  and  Chairman'  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees;  Aionzo  M.  Keeler,  Principal;  Jolin  Keeler,  Treasurer; 
Rober  R.  Harper,  Clerk. 


212  Boc. 

The  estimated  value  of  real  estate  is $1,500 

Stock  subscribed,. 5,000 

Amount  actually  paid  in, 1,000 

Funds  none,  j  early  income  none, 0,000 

TEEMS    OF   THE    LAST    SCHOOL   YEAR. 

The  last  fall  and  winter  terms,  taught  by  James  C.  Lawson, 
Principal p?'o  tern ,  Miss  Caroline  Lawson,  assistant. 

Summer  term  taught  by  Miss  Sarah  Ewell,  (primary  depart- 
ment, the  average  number  of  which  is  from  40  to  tO  scholars.) 

The  present  fall  term  taught  by  Jctmeg  C.  Lawson,  Principal, 
pro  tern.;  Miss  Perlina  Cannon,  assistant.  , 

The  number  and  names  of  the  academical  students  are  so 
nearly  that  of  the  last  report,  that  we  deem  it  unimportant  to 
repeat  or  re-insert  them.* 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

CHAUNCEY  CHURCH, 
President,  and  Chairman  of  Board  of  Tricstees 

J.  MoNFOEE,  Clerk  pro  tern. 


LAPEER  SEMINARY— VISITORS  REPORT. 

Lapeer  Seminary,  Lapeer,  Mich, 
December  ^Qth,  1860.  ^ 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory  : 


1 


Sir  :  The  annual  examination  of  the  Lapeer  Seminary 
was  held  on  the  second  and  third  of  July.  Since  the  open- 
ing of  the  Seminary  in  November  of  1859,  the  whole  number  of 
scholars  in  attendance  has  been  about  one  hundred  and  fifty. 
A  large  and  constant  increase  is  expected  for  the  ensuing  year. 
Under  the  instruction  of  Professor  McLouth  as  Principal,  and 
Professor  Loomis  as  Assistant — both  graduates  of  our  State 
University — the  school  has  made  most  satisfactory  progress. 
In  the  examination  of  the  different  classes,  thorough  mental 
discipline  and  analytical  modes  of  instruction  were  exhibited  in 
a  marked   degree.     Elementary  principles  are  of  first  import- 

*  The  catalogue  will  be  found  in  the  report  of  1859,  with  few  exceptions  and  a  few  etadente 
from  abroad. 


No.  1.  213 

anco  in  all  study,  and  with  these  the  students  of  the  different 
branches  were  evidently  well  familiarized,  A  logical  habit  of 
thought  appears  to  be  fast  developing,  and  that  enthusiastic  in- 
terest which  is  a  sure  t^est  of  good  instruction,  was  manifested 
in  a  good  degree. 

The  order  of  the  school  is  good ;  the  deportment  of  the  pu- 
pils decorous  ;  and  the  humanizing  effect  of  good  intellectual 
training  and  an  awakening  interest  in  study,  has  shown  itself 
greatly  among  the  members  of  the  school,  not  only  as  such, 
but  as  members  of  the  community. 

The  School  is  organized  in  four  different  departments;  Pri- 
mary, Intermediate,  Higher  English  and  Classical. 

The  Primary  includ(?^  reading,  mental  arithmetic,  geography, 
and  object  lessons.  This  department  is  intended  to  be  under 
the  instruction  of  the  members  of  the  Normal  class,  while  under 
the  general  supervision  of  the  Principal.  The  intermediate 
grade  includes  the  studies  of  the  primary,  with  practical  arith- 
metic and  grammar.  The  Higher  English  embraces  arithmetic, 
algebra,  geometry,  grammar,  history,  natural  philosophy,  orthog- 
raphy, botany,  chemistry,  declamation  and  compositions.  The 
classical  course  is  designed  for  those  intending  to  enter  the 
University;  it  also  includes  instruction  in  the  modern  languages. 
Glasses  have  been  formed  in  Latin,  Greek,  French  and  German. 
A  normal  class  has  been  formed  for  those  desirous  of  becoming 
teachers,  the  instruction  being  given  by  lectures  and  practical 
illustrations. 

The  text  books  used  are  uniformly  those  recommended  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

The  Seminary  is  supplying  a  desideratum  long  needed.  The 
means  of  education  hitherto  enjoyed  have  been  only  those  of 
'the  common  school,  which  without  such  an  institution  at  their 
head,  soon  become  constantly  less  profitable.  The  deficiency 
in  the  training  and  discipline  of  the  teachers  manifested  itself 
in  the  superficial  character  of  the  scholars.  The  Seminary  is 
centrally  located  for  the  county  of  Lapeer,  parts  of  the  counties 
of  Genesee,  Tuscola  and  Oakland. 


214  Doo. 

The  building  is  a  good  one,  situated  in  the  most  pleasant  and 
quiet  part  of  the  village,  and  in  a  community  which  for  moralB 
and  intelligence  will  compare  favorably  with  any. 

The  popular  interest  in  the  school  is  increasing  rapidly,  and 
gives  an  earnest  of  its  future  success  and  usefulness. 

It  is  the  belief  of  the  visitors  that  here  may  be  found  all  the 
requisites  of  a  thorough  course  of  Acadamical  training,  and 
they  can  but  accord  to  the  teachers  the  highest  praise  for  the 
position  to  which  it  has  rapidly  risen  by  their  unwearied  servic-es, 

JACOB  L.  GEEENE, 
L.  J).  AVHITNEY, 
CHARLES  KELLOGG, 

Board  of  Visitors. 


YOUNG  LADIES'  SEMINARY  AND  COLLEGE  INSTITUTE, 
MONROE,  MICHIGAN. 

To  the  SupH  ofPuhlio  Instruction  of  the  State  of  Michigan : 

Sir  : — I  herewith  submit  you  the  annual  report  of  the  Young 
Ladies'  Seminary  and  Institute  : 

FACULTY. 

Rev  E.  J.  Boyd,  A.  M.,  Principal,  and  Professor  of  Mental 
and  Moral  Philosophy,  and  Languages. 

Mrs.  Sarah  0  Boyd,  Principal,  and  Superintendent  of  Social 
Duties. 

Amos  K.  Kellogg.  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Sciences. 

Mr.  Geo.  W.  Chamberlain.  Professor  of  Vocal  and  Instru- 
mental Music. 

Miss  Mary  A.  Griswoid,  Instructor  in  Rhetoric  and  English 
Literature. 

Miss  Margaret  A.  Paine,  Assistant  Teacher  of  the  Mathemat 
ical  Department. 

Miss  Fanny  Bartlett,  Assistant^Teacher  in  the  Department  of 
English  Language. 


No.  1.  215 

Mrs.  Lavinia  L.  Kellogg,  Teiiclier  of  Drawing  from  Nature 
and  Objects. 

Madame  Josephine  Clark,  Teacier  of  French. 
Madame  S.  Lirnge,  Teacher  of  German. 

COURSE    OP    STUBY. 

The  school  is  divided  into  three  departments — Collegiate, 
Academic  and  Primary.  The  two  last  mentioned  are  intended 
to  cover  the  ground  of  a  thorough  common  school  course  of  in- 
struction, while  the  first  is  strictly  devoted  to  pure  collegiate 
studies. 

-  The  Primary  department  is  divided  into  three  classes — the 
A,  B,  and  C,  in  which  the  elements  of  Written  and  Mental 
Arithmetic,  Descriptive  Geography,  Reading,  Spelling  and  Wri- 
ting are  taught.  Lessons  on  Objects  and  in  Morals,  are  also 
given. 

The  Academic  department  is  divided  into  two  classes,  in 
which  Written  and  Mental  Arithmetic,  Descriptive  Geography, 
and  Map-drawing,  the  Reading,  Spelling  and  Analysis  of  Words, 
Elements  of  English  Composition,  History  and  Grammar,  are 
thoroughly  taught. 

The  Collegiate  department  is  divided  into  four  classes — Jun^ 
ior,  Sophomore,  Middle  and  Senior.  Ti:e  following  is  the  course 
of  studies  : 

Junior  Class. 

Mental  Arithmetic  ;  Written  Arithmetic  ;  Geography,  (High  . 
School  ;)  Grammar  ;  Ancient  History  ;  Prose  Composition.    ^ 

Sophomore. 

Mental  Arithmetic;  Higher  Arithmetic  ;  Elementary  Algebra; 
Chemistry  ;  Modern  History  ;  Botany. 

Middle. 

Rhetoric  ;  Natural  Philosophy  ;  Geometry  ;  University  Al- 
gebra ;  Grammatical  Analysis  ;  Botany. 

Senior. 

Geology  ;  Logic  ;  Moral  Science  ;  Mental  Science  ;  Astrono- 


216  Doc. 

my ;  Analogy  of  Religion ;  Study  of  Words  ;  Criticism  of  Mil-- 
ton  and  Sliakspeare. 

The  following  studies  ore  pursued  through  the  entire  course  : 

The  Spelling,  Defining  and  Analysis  of  Words  ;  Penmanship; 
Punctuation ;  Composition ;  Reading ;  Recitation  of  Select 
Poetry  and  Prose  ;  and  Yocal  Music. 

Lessons  in  the  French,  German,  Latin  and  Greek  Languages, 
Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music,  Object  and  Landscape  Drawing 
and  Painting  given  to  all  who  desire  them. 

The  object  of  the  school  is  in  the  fullest  sense  to  educate  ;  to 
teach  its  pupils  to  reason,  and  not  merely  remember.  The  cat- 
echetical system  is  not  followed,  but  the  pupils  are  required  to 
study  and  comprehend  subjects  in  their  entireness,  and  to  con- 
vey their  ideas  in  a  clear,  full,  and  accurate  manner. 

It  is  proposed  that  whatever  is  learned,  shall  be  well  learned  ; 
to  inspire  the  mind  with  elevated  tastes  and  sentiments,  and 
secure  the  formation  of  polite  and  graceful  manners. 

TERMS,    VACATIONS,  ETC. 

The  year  consists  of  three  terms  of  thirteen  weeks  each,  and 
begins  on  the  third  Thursday  of  September.  There  is  a  vaca- 
'tion  of  about  ten  days  at  the  holidays. 

Pupils  from  abroad  usually  board  in  the  Seminary,  and  all 
under  the  special  care  of  the  faculty.  It  is  intended  that  a 
genial,  religious  and  moral  influence  shall  be  constantly  exerted 
upon  the  pnpils. 

'    ■  EXPENSES. 

For  board,  furnished  room,  light, $50  00 

Piano  lessons, $12  00  to  15  00 

French  language, 5  00 

Latin  or  Greek    language, 3  00 

Day  Tuition  per  term, $4  00  $t  00     8  00 

A  deduction  of  $30  per  year  is  made  to  the  danghters  of  cler- 
gymen, all  denominations. 


No.  7,  m 

NORMAL  DEPARTMENT, 

Special  instruction  is  given  in  the  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Teaching,  the  object  being  to  prepare  those  who  design  to  be 
teachers  to  teach  intelligently  and  successfully,  to  know  what 
are  the  motives  and  means  of  good  school  keeping.  There  is 
generally  a  demand  for  more  teachers  than  the  Institution  can 
supply.     Many  of  the  graduates  are  in  the  Southern  States. 

VISITORS'  REPORT. 

The  undersigned  Visitors,  appointed  to  the  Young  Ladies' 
Seminary  and  Collegiate  Institute,  at  Monroe,  respectfully  re-* 
port,  that  they  attended  the  axmual  examination  for  the  year 
I860,  which  commenced  on  Monday,  June  25th,  and  was  con- 
tinued on  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  following  ;  also  the  annual 
commencement  exorcises,  on  Thursday,  June  28th. 

The  following^  is  the  order  in  which  the  School  was  examined: 
Preparatory    Department. — Mental    Arithmetic,    Primary   Ge- 
ography, and  Vocal  Music. 

Academic  Department.  —  Practical  Arithmetic,  University 
Arithmetic,  History  of  England,  Geography,  Vocal  Music. 

Collegiate  Department. — Elements  of  Algebra,  University 
Arithmetic,  Botany,  Analysis  of  Cowper,  French  Reader,  Rhet- 
oric, Mental  Philosophy,  Geometry,  Corinne,  Schiller,  Astronomy, 
and  Butler's  Analogy. 

The  main  subjects  of  school  study,  it  will  be  seen,  were  those 
upon  whiph  tbe  pupils  were  examined,  and  the  examination  was 
therefore  quite  extensive.  The  visitors  desired  to  examine  and 
question  the  classes  themselves,  and  therefore  selected  exam- 
ples in  Algebra  and  Higher  Arithmetic  for  the  pupils  ;  and  in 
Geometry  they  read*  to  them  such  theorems  as  they  thought 
would  test  their  abilities.  The  solutions  and  demonstrations 
were,  in  most  instances,  accurate  and  arrived  at  with  readiness. 
There  was  in  general,  a  clear  apprehension  of  principle  which 
shoWed  that  mathematics  had  been  so  taught  as  to  effect  its 
peculiar  discipline  upon  the  mind. 

The  several  classes  in  French  and  German  seemed  to  enter 


218  Doc.  No.  7 

into  the  spirit  of  the  authors,  and  appreciate  thie  beauties  of 
literature  in  a  foreign  and  strange  tongue.  Schiller  and  Corinne 
were  read  and  translated  by  advanced  classes  with  evident 
ease  and  comprehension.  In  English  Analysis,  in  Rhetoric,  and 
Composition,  the  classes  were  examined  upon  the  distinctions  in 
and  on  the  meaning  and  force  of  words.  In  many  of  the  compo- 
sitions that  were  read,  no  little  ingenuity,  skill  and  originality 
were  displayed.  There  has  been  evidently  great  pains  taken  to 
teach  the  pupils  to  understand  and  love  English  Literature. 

The  Senior  Class  exhibited  particular  proficiency  in  the  stu- 
'dies  in  which  it  was  examined.  Most  oi  its  members  had  B.t- 
tended  the  whole  of  the  four  years  required  to  finish  the  colle- 
giate course.  The  visitors  thought  best  to  question  the  young 
ladies  quite  particularly  on  Mental  Philosophy,  and  Butler's 
Analogy,  and  they  commend  their  thoroughness  and  entire  self  ■ 
possession.  The  questions  were  new  and  often  intricate,  and 
demanded  thought ;  they  were  answered  gracefully  and  cor- 
rectly. 

The  musical  exercises  on  Wednesday  evening  were  of  a  very 
high  order.  Pupils  of  all  ages  executed  pieces  on  the  jjiano  in 
a  very  pleasing  manner.  Some  of  the  productions  of  the  *'  old 
masters"  in  classical  music  were  rendered  very  effectively. ,  The 
singing,  too,  was  very  charming. 

On  Thursday  the  graduating  class  read  essays  of  considera- 
ble merit ;  most  of  them  showing  clear  and  vigorous  powers  of 
mind.  The  graduates,  seven  in  number,  were  all  young  ladici? 
who  had  spent  several  years  in  study.  Female  education  ie 
honored  by  them  ;  they  deserved  diplomas. 

From  the  inspection  which  we  have  given  this  Institution,  we 
are  satisfied  that  it  bestows  a  substantial  ^culture  upon  its  pu- 
pils, a,nd  well  deserves  the  confidence  bestowed  upon  it  by  the 
public.  There  seems  to  be  a  high  standard  of  education,  of  mor- 
als and  graceful  manners  set  up  and  followed. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Hon.  EDWIN  WILLETS, 
Rev.  W.  HOGARTH,  D.  D. 


UMON  SCHOOL  REPORTS. 


PUBLIC  SCHOOLS  IN  DETROIT. 

The  city  of  Detroit  is  made  by  the  Act  relative  to  its  Free 
Schools,  passed  in  1812,  one  school  district ;  and  all  the  schools 
organized  therein,  in  pursuance  of  said  Act,  are  public,  and 
free  to  all  children  residing  in  the  city,  between  the  ages  of  five 
and  seventeen  years,  inclusive.  These  schools  are  placed  un- 
der the  direction  and  re2:ulations  of  a  Board  of  Education  of 
twenty  members — two  from  each  ward — one  being  elected  an- 
nually in  each  ward,  who  holds  his  office  for  two  years. 


220 


iJvC. 


TABULAR  STATEMENT  cf  grade  of  "Schools,  Name  and 
Salary  of  Teachers,  Unrolled-  and  Average  Mtendance  of  Schol- 
ars for  Term  ending  December  17,  1859. 


NAME  OF  SCHOOI^. 


Grade  of  Schools. 


Namss  of,  Teachers. 


1  Ist  ward,  Abbott  street, 

2 

<<        First 
3j  "        B3aub.       '■ 
4Lii  v/ard,  Monroe  St.,  col. 
"        Fort  street, 


.5th  ward,  Capitol  Union,. 


9 
10 
li 
121 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
23 
30 
31 
32 
S3 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
61 
62 
53 
64 
65 
56 
67 
63 
59 
€0 
61 
62 
«3 


"        George  street,.. 
6t,h  ward,  Bishop  Union,. 


21Pri'y  boys  &  girls. 
l5t  "  "  " 
l3t  "  "  " 
Ist  "  '<■  " 
1st  "  "  " 
21  "  "  '•' 
1st  "  "  " 
Senior  Department, 


Junior 


2 1  Primary', 

21         " 

1st        " 

1st        " 

1st        " 

ienior  Department, 


Junior 


<'        Miami  avenue,.. 

"        V/ood'd      "      .. 

7th  ward,  Barstow  Union. 


3th  "Ward  Union,. 


8th  ward,  Locust  street,. 
9th  ward,  Lafontaine  st. ,. 


<'         Fort  street, 

"        Grand  Paver  road 
10th  ward,  Larned  street. 


aigh  School, 

feacher  of  masic  in  junior 
and  senior  departments 
of  the  4  Union  Schools,. 


21  Primary,  hoys. 
21  "  girls; 
ist  "  boys, 
1st  "  girls, 
1st        " 

1st  "  boys, 
1  <i  2  do.  boys  &  girls. 

■Senior  Department, 


Junior 


21  Primary,  boys, 
21  ''  girls, 
1st  "  girls, 
1st  "  boys, 
Senior  Department, 


Junior 

21  Primary,  girls, 
21 

l3t 
l?t 

21 

1st 

21  " 

1st        " 

Ist  &  21  do 

2  I  do. 

1st  Primary,  girls, 

1st        "       'boys. 


boys, 

boys, 

girls, 

boys  &  girls 


Mrs.  C.  A.  "Weymouth 
.Miss  E.  Y  Mac  :ey, 
"     P.  Trover, 
"     L.  James, 
"     C.  McHutoheon, 
"     S.  Hartmeyer, 
"     Anna  Brewster, 
Mr.  li.  Olcott, 
Miss  M.  Lilly  bridge, 
"     E.  Tavlor, 
"     S.  .L  kussoll, 
Mr.  G.  W.  Bigelow, 
Miss  E.  Maciollan, 
"     M.  Miller, 
«'     G.  L.  Snow, 
"     F.  M.  Taylor, 
''     E.  A.  Norton, 
"     F.  M.  Russell, 
"     X.  Mathews, 
Mr.  J.  F.  Niuhols, 
Mrs.  P.  L.  Rjhiuson, 
Mias  L.  J.  Kandoiph, 
Mr.  U.  Bassett, 
Miss  C.  Young, 
'•     M.  Mcintosh, 
"     H.  Calvert, 
"     F.  Robinson, 
"    E.  R.  Mackio, 
"     S.  B.  Eusworth, 
"     R.  Marhersiil, 
"     J.  Mackey, 
"    M.  B.  Noble, 
"     S.  Granville, 
Mr.  L.J.  Marcy, 
Mrs.  S.  E  Marcy, 
Miss  C.  Grossman, 
Mr.  A.  L.  Watki^s, 
Miss  H.  Clark, 
"    E.  McGowan, 
"     M.  L.  Payn, 
"     N.  Mather, 
"     C.  lugersoll, 
"     M.  A.  Wiroour, 
Mr.  B.  Smith, 
.Viiss  0.  Bine;ham, 
"     R.  McGuinity, 
Mr.  W.  Will  its. 
Miss  C.  Saunders, 
"     E.  Braman, 
"     M.  Chipman, 
"     M.  J.  Willitts, 
"     M.  Shaw, 
'•    H.  Steevons, 
Mrs.  R.  Stark: y, 
Miss  E.  Graham, 
"     M.  Furio, 
"     M.  Croshaw, 
"     M.  Scott, 
"    E.  Humphrey, 
<«     S.  Whitmore, 
"    F.  L.  Humphrey, 
Mr.  H.  Chaney, 


Mr.  L.  M.  TowTie, 


:3 

*» 

J- 

01 

CJ 

c3 

■^     . 

a 

2  <^ 

-  >. 

=3  o 

■S  o 

-•4   P 

a  a 

a  ct 

■•2  S 

^ 

£iU^ 

_  o 

O 

:3*- 

> 

o 

:r^ 

< 

300 
300 
300 
325 
300 
250 
900 
400 
300 
250 
750 
300 
300 
300 
300 
300 
250 
250 
900 
400 
800 
75(' 
300 
300 
300 
250 
300 
300 
251 
250 
300 
250 
900 
400 
300 
750 
300 
300 
300 
300 
300 
250 
900 
400 
300 
750 
300 
300 
300 
300 
250 
250 
300 
250 
300 
300 
300 
300 
300 
309 
1000 


200 


70 
92 
86 
65 
87 
131 


200 


235 


116 
95 
106 
109 
119 
101 


154 


102 
83 
90 

88 
106 


97 
33 

148 


191 


75 
113 

112 
142 


155 


88 
77 
91 
92 
40 
77 
83 
96 
100 
70 
75 
94 
80 
42 


169 


155 


115 


84 

20 

111 


165 


61 
55 
80 

iob 


117 


3  » 

<h 
64 
71 
95 
77 
42 
88 


166 


190 


72 
76 
73 
65 
85 
78 


137 


74 
59 

76 
69 
73 


99 

17 

118 


lis 


77 

54 

84 

83 

110 


111 


90 

95 
8T 
38 
7T 
80 
79 
72 
60 
61 
74 
67 
28 


No.  1. 


221 


Four  Senior  Departments,  with  an  aggregate  enrolled  at- 
tendance at  the  close  of  last  term  of, ^ 591 

Four  Junior  Departments,  with  an  aggregate  enrolled  at- 
tendance at  the  close  of  last  term  of, *?35 

Sixteen  2d  Grade  Primaries, with  an  aggregate  attend- 
ance at  the  close  of  last  term,  of, 1.319 

Nineteen  1st  Grade  Primaries,  with  an  aggregate  attend- 
ance at  the  -close  of  last  term  of, 1,803 

One  High  School  (prior  to  new  organization) 42 


Total  of  enrolled  attendance, 4,490 

The  number  of  ^hool  houses  owned  by  the  Board  is  four- 
teen;  and  the  number  rented,  eight  lotal  amount  of  school 
property,  $130,000  The  houses  owned  will  seat  over  five  thou- 
sand scholars  ;  and  those  leased,  about  one  thousand. 

The  number  of  children  betwen  4  and  18  years  of  age  in  thfe 
city  of  Detroit,  as  ascertained  by  the  school  census  taken  in 
October,  1860,  together  with  that  of  the  previous  year,  is  given 
in  detail  belovs^.  The  number  in  attendance  upon  the  school  is 
given  in  the  above  table.  The  number  non-resident  is  quite 
insignificant. 

SCHOOL   CENSUS    OF   DETEOIT. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  the  school  cousus  of  1860, 
and  also  for  1859,  ^hewing  the  number  of  children  between  4 
and  18  years,  in  the  city  in  these  years,  both  white  and  colored, 
and  their  Wards,  &c.  : 


VTAims. 


_2  o  rt  iij 


O  ^  o  ci 


ir'  ^  >  CO 
o  "o        "^ 


J-      KJ      )-t 


port 
^  a  rt  >» 


Teai-s, 

FirsTWardT^ 

Second   "  . 

Third      «  . 

Fourth   «<  . 

Fifth       '<  , 

Sixth      "  , 

Seventh "  , 

Eighth    "  . 

Ninth     "  . 


879 
1035 
1.220 
1,581 
2,050 
1.844 
1.665 
l!035| 
Tenth     " I   1022 


18oa.  j  1880.  j  lB5y.  j  i'bfciO.  |  i^fcy.  I  iaou.  I  LcQd.  I  iaGO. 


998 1  1,138 


370 
1.134 
1,178 
1.698 
2  213 
1.917 
11765 
1,105 
1,162 


3 

2 
€0 
11 
12 
62 
95 
2 
18 
10 


27| 

13 

105 

162 

7 

73 

119 

4 

27 

12 


1,001 

1.165 

350 

281 

383 

114 

1.095 

1239 

494 

1336 

1.2S0 

588 

1.69S|  1.705 

eo£ 

2.112 

2  2S6 

994 

1,93& 

2  036 

801 

1.667 

1,769 

512 

105S 

1  132 

410 

1,032 

1,164 

470 

448 
162 
646 
682 
6U 
1,110 
860 
653 
343 
688 


Grand  Total. 1 12, 829 1 13, 670 1     379|      489|13.208il4,153|   5,S38|  5,£08 

Remarks. — Those  designated  as  children  not  attending  any 
school,  embrace  all  under  18  years,  who  have  passed  through 
the  schools;  all  engaged  in  service,  mechanical  em.ploymcnt,  or 
other  form  of  labor,  and  all  receiving  private  education  at  home. 
The  remainder  are  the  street  wanderers,  but  the  exact  number 
of  the  latter  class  can  hardly  be  safely  estimated  with  anything 
like  exactness. 


222  '  Do€. 

By  this  statement  the  increase  or  decrease  for  the  year»  in  the 
several  wards,  will  be  seen  as  follows,  viz.: 

Increase.  Decrease. 

First  Ward, 164 

Second    "     2 

Third       "     144 

Fourth     ''     65 

Fifth        "       112 

Sixth       "     174 

Seventh  "     9*7 

Eighth     " 102 

Ninth      "     79 

Tenth      " .«. 132 

#  

Total  increase  in  nine  Wards, 1,005 

Deduct  decrease  in  Fourth  Ward, 55 

f  

Total  increase  for  city  over  that  of  1859, 951 

It  will  also  he  seen  that  the  number  of  colored  children  be- 
tween 4  and  18  years,  has  increased  during  the  year  110.  This 
fact,  together  with  the  improved  condition  of  the  colored  Schools 
of  the  Board,  explains  the  heavy  pressure  now  for  the  fiisttime 
making  itself  felt  by  this  class  of  our  population.  A  necessity 
for  another  department  already  exists,  for  the  colored  children 
seeking  seats  in  the  Public  Schools,  and  must  be  conceded  ere 
long.  _  ■       . 

If  the  children  between  4  and  18  years  are  held  to  comprise 
but  one-third  of  the  entire  population,  then  it  may  be  estimated 
in  a  total  number  of  42,477,  if  estimated  as  comprising  one- 
fourth,  then  66,636  is  the  present  population  of  the  city — act^ 
ually  about  29  in  96,  as  shown  by  the  census  of  1860. 

The  length  and  arrangement  of  school  terms  and  vacations 
are  as  follows :  The  spring  term  begins  on  the  first  Monday 
after  the  second  Saturday  in  April,  and  ends  on  Friday  evening 
next  preceding  the  fourth  day  of  July.  Then  follows  a  vaca- 
tion of  eight  weeks  in  July  and  August.  The  fall  term  com- 
mences on  the  ninth  Monday  after  the  close  of  the  spring  term, 
and  ends  on  the  school  day  immediately  preceding-  the  twenty- 
fifth  dav  of  December.  The  winter  term  beQ:ins  on  the  first 
school  day  after  the  first  day  of  January,  and  ends  on  the  even- 
ing of  the  first  Friday  in  April.  Thus  two  other  vacations  are 
made — one  including  Christmas  and  New  Years  days — the  other 
of  one  week  in  April.  All  days  of  the  week  are  considered 
school  da^'s,  excepting  Sundays  and  Saturdays. 

The  following  statement  v/iii  show  the  cost  of  the  public 
schools  of  Detroit  for  the  j^ear  1859  :  Dividing  the  ordinary  ex- 
penditures,  namely,  $31,042  82,   b}^   the    enrolled  attendance, 


No.  T.  •  22S 

4,490,  gives  for  the  average  cost  of  tuition  for  each  pupil,  $6  92 
per  annum.  Our  only  sources  of  revenue  are  the  regular  school 
tax  of  two  dollars  for  every  child  between  the  ages  of  four  and 
eighteen  years,  our  proportion  of  the  public  school  funds,  which 
is  about  fifty  cents  for  every  child  between  the  ages  last  named, 
and  the  proceeds  of  fines  after  the  ^payment  of  all  costs,  paid 
into  the  County  Treasury.  The  report  of  the  Auditing  Com- 
mittee gives  the  following  as  the  respective  amounts  of  last 
year's  receipts  and  expenditures  : 

TOTAL   RECEIPTS. 

From  State  Pr.  School  Fund, .  . .  $6,454  37 
From   delinquent  school  tax  of 

185t, 302  68 

Prom  fines, 345  20 

— _™™_     ^641  88 
From    proceeds  in    old  school   house   in 

10th  ward, 221  00 

Frera  ordinary  city  school  tax  for  1859,. .  26,216  00 

$33,699  25 

TOTAL   DISBURSEMENTS. 

Teachers'  salaries  for  the  year, $22,499  81 

Teachers'  salaries  of  last  year,  paid  after 

January  1,  1859, C50  01 

Repairs  and  supplies, 3,322  98 

Insurance, "428  60 

Rent  of  school  houses, , .  . .  881  29 

Taxes  and  sidewalk  assessments, 109  91 

Interest, ^ .~ 381  49 

Expenses  for  taking  census,  ...........  132  08 

Fuel,  wood  $859  68,    coal  $66  50, 926  18 

Treasurer's  salary, 75  00 

Books  and  maps, 212  67 

Sweeping",  cleaning  and  whitewashing, . .  1,066  66 

Cutting,  sawing  and  piling  wood, 194  18 

Printing  notices,  reports,  &;c., 237  96 

Instalment  on  purchase  of   lot   adjoining 

8th  ward  Union, .  250  00 

Instalment  on  the  purchase  of  the  build- 
ing for  colored  school, 100  00 

Instalment  on  the 'interest  on  bond  and 

mortgage  given  the  Bishop  School  lot,  1,140  00 

New  seating,  furniture,  &c., 431  50 

Moving  and  fitting  up  10 th  ward  school 

buildino-, 988  57 

Contingent  expenses, 15  53 

_ $34,050  42 


224  .  Doc. 

This  sum  of  disbursements  includes  extraordinary 

expenses  to  the  amount  of, 3,007  60 


Showing  the  ordinary  expenses  to  be, $31,042  82 

These  extraordinary  expenses  for  the  year  were  several  items 
for  real  estate  purchases,  the  purchase  of  school  buildings,  the 
fitting  up  of  the  Eighth  Ward  new  Primary,  changing  the  recita- 
tion rooms,  &c. 


EATON  RAPIDS  UNION  SCHOOL. 

Eaton  RAPms,  Dec.  4,  1860 

To  tJie  Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  Supt.  of  Public  Instruction : 

In  answer  to  your  circular  in  the  Journal  of  Education,  Oct 
No.,  I  would  say — 

1.  The  name  of  our  school  is  the  Eaton  Rapids  Graded  School, 
and  is  located  in  the  village  of  Eaton  Rapids. 

2.  We  have  but  one  school  building-,  size  forty  by  fifty  feet, 
two  stories  in  height,  and  two  out  buildings.  Yaluation  of 
buildings  and  lots,  $3,50o.     (See  last  annual  report.) 

3.  Whole  number  of  children  in  our  district,  as  shown-  by  the 
last  census,  was  218.  The  whole  number  attending  school  last 
year,  first  quarter,  was  167  ;  30  of  those  were  foreign  scholars. 
The  whole  number  attending  said  school  the  second  quarter, 
was  132;  twenty  of  them  were  foreign.  Whole  number  attend- 
ing the  third  quarter  was  159;  six  of  them  were  foreign.  \ 

4.  The. school  year  is  divided  into  three  terms,  viz.:  A  fall 
term,  commencing  on  the  first  Monday  in  September,  and  con- 
tinuing sixteen  weeks.  A  winter  term  commencing  on  the  first 
Monday  of  January,  and  continuing  twelve  weeks.  A  spring 
term,  commencing-  on  the  first  Monday  of  April,  and  continuing 
twelve  weeks. 

5.  Whole  amount  received  for  school  purposes  was  $940,03  ; 
paid  out  of  this  amount  for  teacher's  wages,  $767,50.  Amount 
of  mill  tax  received  vv^as  $282  86  ;  amount  received  from  Prima- 
ry School  Fund  was  $101  20  ;  received  from  foreign  scholars, 
|122  83.     For  tuition  of  foj-eign  scholars,  see  circular. 

6.  The  course  of  instruction  embraces  all  the  studies  pursued 
in  the  higher  class  of  male  and  female  academies,  and  comprises 
three  departraenty,  primary,  intermediate  and  high  school. 

Pupils  entering  school,  will,  upon  examination,  be  placed  in 
the  department  suited  to  their  attainments. 

Number  of  scholars  in  each  department  was  as  follows  : 


No.  t.  225 

1st  Term,   higher  department,  there  were  51,  twenty-six  of 
those  were  foreign  scholars. 

In  the  Intermediate,  53.     Six  of  those  were  foreign. 

In  the  Primary,  63.     One  of  those  was  foreign. 

2d  Term,  as  follows  : 

In  the  higher  department  there  were  48.     Eight  of  them  were 
foreign  pupils. 

Intermediate  department,  36.     Two  of  these  were  foreign. 

In  Primary  department  there  were  48.  " 

3d  Term,  as  follows  : 

In  the  higher  department  there  were  2t.     Five  of  those  were 
foreign. 

In  Intermediate,  there  were  31. 

In  the  Primary  there  were  101,  and  one  of  them  was  foreign. 

All  of  which  I  believe  to  be  the  true  facts. 
Yours  respectfully, 

A.  HAEWOOD, 

Director. 


KALAMAZOO  UNION  SCHOOL. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory,  SupH  of  Public  Instruction  : 

Dear  Sir  : — In  answer  to  your  questions  submitted  to  Trus- 
tees and  Principals  of  Union  Schools,  in  the  October  No.  of  the 
Journal  of  Education,  we  send  you  the  following  : 

1.  Our  school  is  known  as  the  "Kalamazoo  Union  School," 
and  is  located  in  the  village  of  Kalamazoo. 

2.  Most  of  the  information  required  by  this  question  is  found 
in  the  report  of  the  State  Superintendent  for  1859,  page  284. 
Value  of  property,  embracing  grounds,  apparatus,  libraries, 
&c.,  is  probably  about  $50,000  00. 

3    Numbfer  of  children,  1668  by  the  last  census. 

ATTENDANCE. 

The  whole  number  belonging  to  each  school  during  the  year 
is  as  follows  : 

High  School, 146 

Grammar  school, 179 

INTERMEDIATE    DEPARTMENT. 

First  Division, 154 

Second  Division, 86 

Third  Division, : Y8 

PRIMARY   DEPARTMENT. 

First  Divisioii, 99 

Second  Division, ST 

29 


226  Doc. 

Third  Division, 146 

North  School, 222 

East  School, 49 

Whole  Number, 1,378 

The  following  is  the  per  centage  of  attendance  in  the  schools 
for  the  year,  calculated  from  monthly  attendance  : 

High   School, *. .      92 

Grammar  School, 85 

INTERMEDIATE     DEPARTMENT. 

First  Division, 86 

Second  Division, 86 

Third  Division, 88 

PRIMARY     DEPARTMENT. 

First  Division, 82 

Second  Division, t9 

Third    Division, 86 

North  School, 82 

East  School, 84 

South  Street  School, 8t 

No.  of  non-resident  pupils  during  year, 80 

No.  of  residents, 1,298 

These  statistics  compared  with  those  of  last  year,  show  a 
large  increase  in  the  number  attending  the  schools,  and  some 
improvement  in  regularity  also. 

4.  The  School  Year  is  divided  into  four  Quarters  of  ten  weeks 
each.     It  is  divided  into  three  Terms,  as  follows : 

Fall  Term  begins  first  Monday  in  September. 
"         "      ends  Friday  before  Christmas. 

Winter  Term  begins  Monday  after  Christmas. 
''  "      ends  last  Friday  in  March. 

Spring  Term  begins  after  a  vacation  of  one  week. 

5.    EXPENDITURES. 

Paid  Interest  Coupons, .'. $2,073  43 

"     14  orders  on  school  building  fund,  issued  by 

Village  Trustees  in  1859, 2,139  56 

Interest  on  last  item  to  February  14,  1860, 184  45 

Paid  20  orders  school  building  and  incidental  school 

fund,  issued  by  Village  Trustees,  1859, 1,390  14 

Interest  on  last  item, 12  25 

Chase  &  Son,  two  certificates  issued  by  Village  Trus- 
tees, 8th  of  December,  1858,  for  seating, 819  00 

Exchange  on  last  item, 8  19 


No.  t.  221 

Paid  salaries  of  teachers  for  year  ending  June  23d, 

1860, 5,745  OQ 

Paid  orders  for  wood,  janitor's  salary,  repairs,  print- 
ing, insurance,  seating  and  incidentals, 1,224  33 

Cash  in  treasury, t*I5  19 


,3n  54 


RECEIPTS. 


From  W.  A.  Wood,  former  Treasurer, $  329  84 

"     C.    H.   Brown,  Town  Treasurer,  primary  fund 

No.  10, 46  91 

From  C.  H.  Brown.  Town  Treasurer,  tax  voted  1859,  9,890  89 

"     same,  mill  tax,  1860, ■ I,9t3  50 

No.  10, 25  8T 

'^     T.  P.  Dunham,  amount  negotiated  Feb.  6,  1860,  82t  19 

"     J.  G.  Clark,  Town   Treasurer,  primary  money, 

1860, 695  98 

From  D.  Putnam,  tuition  of  non-residents  and  music,  555  15 

"     S.  Hunt,  tuition  of  son, 1  25 


$14,353  24 

TUITION. 

In  all  English  branches,  the  Schools  are  free  to  resident 
scholars. 

The  Schools  are  open  to  scholars  not  residing  in  the  District 
at  the  following  rates  of  tuition,  payable  at  the  middle  of  each 
quarter  : 

Primary  Department,  per  quarter  of  ten  weeks, $  2  00 

Intermediate     "  "  " 2  50 

Junior  "  "  "  3  00 

High  School,  English  branches, 3  50 

Classical  Department, 4  00 

Frencb,   Extra, 1  00 

Instrumental  Music,  Drawing,  Painting,  &c.,  both  to  resident 
and  non-resident  Scholars,  will  be  charged  extra  at  the  usual 
rates. 

6.  Four  Departments,  graded,  sub-divided  and  arranged  ac- 
cording to  the  following  course  of  studies  : 

PRIMARY   DEPARTMENT. 

Third  Division. 

Conversational  Lessons  upon  Common  Objects  ;  Lessons  in 
Counting  ;  Names  and  Sounds  of  Letters  ;  Pronouncing  Words 


228  Doc. 

with  and  without  Spelling  ;  Spelling  Short  Words  in  Reading 
Lessons  ;  Drawing  Lines,  Letters  and  Objects  on  Slate  and 
Black-hoard  ;  Singing  ;  Eeading  ;  Fi^ogressive  Primer. 

Second  Division — 1  Teacher. 

Conversational  Lessons  ;  Oral  Lessons  in  Numbers  and  Ge- 
ography ;  Drawing  on  Slate  and  Black-board  ;  Sounds  of  Let- 
ters ;  Spelling'  and  pronouncing  Words  ;  Singing  ;  Reading  ; 
Progressive  First  Reader. 

First  Division — 1   Teacher. 

Conversational  Lessons  ;  Oral  and  Mental  Arithmetic  ;  Mon- 
teith's  First  Lessons  in  Geography  ;  Payson,  Dunton  and  Scrib- 
ner's  Elementary  Charts,  for  drawing  on  slate  and  black-board  ; 
spelling,  Town's, New  Speller  and  Definer  ;  Singing  ;  Reading  ; 
Progressive  Second  Reader. 

INTERMEDIATE    DEPARTMENT. 

Third  Division— 1  Teacher. 

Intellectual  Arithmetic  ;  Monteith's  Manual  of  Geography, 
No.  3  ;  Town's  Speller  ;  Writing  ;  Singing  ;  Exercises  in  Sounds 
of  Letters  ;  Progressive  Third  Reader. 

Second  Division — 2  Teachers. 

Intellectual  Arithmetic  ;  Practical  Arithmetic,  to  Division  ; 
Geography  No.  3,  completed  ;  Primary  History  of  United  States; 
Third  Progressive  Reader  ;  Town's  speller  and  Definer  ;  Writ- 
ing and  Drawing  ;  Singing  ;  Recitations  of  Selections. 

First  Division — 2  Teachers. 

Intellectual  Arithmetic  ;  Practical  Arithmetic,  to  Proportion; 
McNally's  Geography,  No.  4  ;  Map  Drawing  ;  Tower's  Elemen- 
tary Grammar  ;  Tower's  Common  School  Grammar  ;  Fourth 
Progressive  Reader  ;  Town's  Speller  ;  How  Plants  Grow ;  Writ- 
ing ;  Singing  ;  Recitations  of  Selections,  and  Compositions. 

JUNIOR  DEPARTMENT  OF  HIGH  SCHOOL 1  TEACHER. 

Intellectual  Arithmetic ;  Practical  Arithmetic,  completed  ; 
Elementary  Algebra  ;  History  of  the  United  States  ;  Common 
Grammar  ;  Geography  ;  Writing  ;  Singing  ;  Town's  Speller  ; 
Progressive  Fifth  Reader  ;  Recitations ;  Declamations,  and 
Compositions. 

HIGH    SCHOOL ENGLISH    COURSE 5    TEACHERS. 

First  Tear. 

First  Quarter. — Algebra  ;  Grammar  and  Analysis  ;  History 
and  Geography  combined  ;  Reading,  Writing,  &c. 

Second  Quarter. — Algebra,  Grammar  and  Analysis  ;  Higher 
Arithmetic,  Reading,  Writing,  &c. 


No.  7.  229 


Thikd  Quarter. — Algebra  ;  English  Analysis  ;  Arithmetic  ; 
Physical  Geography  ;  Reading,  Writing,  &c. 

Fourth  Quarter. — Algebra  ;  Physiology  ;  Analysis  and  His- 
tory ;  Eeading,  &c.  Compositions,  Declamations  and  Recita- 
tions through  the  year. 

Second  Year.. 

First  Quarter. — Geometry  ;  English  Language  and  Litera- 
ture and  Rhetoric  ;  Book-keeping  ;  History. 

Second  (^^arter. — Geometry  and  Trigonometry  ;  Natural  His- 
tory ;  English  Language  and  Literature  ;  Logic. 

Third  Quaeter. — Trigonometry  and  Natural  Philosophy  ;  Bot- 
any ;  Logic. 

Fourth  Quarter. — Natural  Philosophy ;  Botany ;  Mental 
Philosophy.  Reading,  Composition,  Declamation,  and  Vocal 
Music  through  the  year. 

Tiiird  Year. 

First  Quarter. — Surveying,  Chemistry,  Moral  Science. 

Second  Quarter. — Astronomy  and  Geography  of  the  Heavens  ; 
Chemistry  ;  Moral  Science,  and  Evidences  of  Christianity. 

Third  Quarter — .Astronomy  and  Geology  ;  Political  Economy ; 
English  Language  and  Literature. 

Fourth  Quarter. — Elements  of  Criticism  ;  Butler's  Analogy  ; 
History  of  Literature  ;  Geology.  Orations,  Compositions  and 
Vocal  Music  through  the  year. 

Classical  Course — First  Year. 

Andrews  and  Stoddard's  Latin  Granunar  and  Reader;  Ancient 
Geography  and  History. 

Second  Year. 

Latin  Grammar  and  Reader;  Csesar's  Commentaries;  Ancient 
Geography;  Crosby's  Greek  Grammar  and  Lessons;  Anabasis; 
Ancient  History;  Latin  Prose  Composition. 

Third  Year. 

^. 

Cicero's  Orations;  Virgil  with  Latin  Prosody;  Anabasis;  An- 
cient History  and  Mythology;  Prose  Composition. 

This  course  will  be  pursued  in  connection  with  such  English 
branches  as  are  necessary  to  prepare  the  pupil  for  higher  insti- 
tutions. 

Pupils,  not  in  preparation  for  higher  institutions,  will  take  a 
more  extended  course  in  the  Latin  language,  including  selec- 
tions from  Cicero,  Horace  and  other  Latin  authors. 

French   Course. 

Fasquelle's  French  Series,  with  other  selections  from  Frendi 
writers. 


230  Doc. 

Teacher^  Glass. 

Special  instruction  will  be  given  during  the  first  and  third 
quarters,  in  the  form  of  Reviews  and  familiar  Lectures,  to  such 
as  wish  to  fit  themselves  for  teaching. 
Very  truly  yours, 

D.  S.  WALBRIDGE, 
*  President  of  Board  of  Education. 
DANIEL  PUTNAM, 

Frincipal. 
Kalamazoo,  Nov.  1,  1860. 


NEWAYGO  UNION  SCHOOL. 

Newaygo,  Oct.  29,  1860. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gkegory  : 

Deae  Sir — We  have  noticed  in  this  month's  Journal  your  cir- 
cular to  Trustees  and  Principals  of  Union  Schools.  Although 
we  have  not  the  requisite  number  of  children  to  organize  under 
the  new  law  for  Graded  and  High  Schools,  ours  is  a  Union 
School  in  the  common  acceptation  of  the  term,  and  we  submit 
the  following  report  in  the  order  of  topics  named. 

1.  Our  school  is  known  as  the  Newaygo  Union  School,  and  is 
situated  in  the  pleasant  little  village  of  Newaygo,  the  county 
seat  of  Newaygo  county. 

2.  The  building  is  15  feet  by  30,  one  story  high,  giving  us 
two  school  rooms  30  by  35  feet,  with  hall  between  them.  It 
cost  about  $1,000.  Our  school  grounds  are  by  far  too  small, 
and  not  inclosed  as  yet.  We  have  a  set  of  outline  maps,  orrery, 
tellurian,  &c.,  costing  nearly  $60.     No  library  worthy  of  note 

yet. 

3.  The  number  of  children  in  the  district,  as  shown  by  the 
last  census,  is  151.  A  Principal  was  not  procured  in  season  to 
commence  with  the  last  school  year,  so  that  we  cannot  well 
reckon  attendance  by  the  term.  We  enrol  each  term  from  80 
to  90  names,  which  furnishes  an  average  attendance  of  about 
60.  Of  these,  four  or  five  each  term  are  non-residents.  The 
ratio  of  attendance  to  the  pupils  enrolled,  promises  to  be  much 
greater  this  year  than  ever  before.  The  great  evil  of  our 
schools,  irregularity  in  attendance,  has  been,  and  still  is,  by  far 
too  prevalent. 

4.  Our  school  year  commences  on  the  first  Monday  in  Septem- 
ber, and  is  divided  into  four  terms  of  eleven  weeks  each.  There 
is  a  week's  vacation  during  the  holidays,  and  one  of  the  same 
length  between  the  Spring  and  Summer  Term;  six  weeks  at  the 
close  of  the  year. 


No.  T.  '  231 

5.  As  the  school  was  not  in  session  the  whole  of  last  year,  its 
cost  for  that  time  would  not  be  a  fair  exhibit  of  its  annual  ex- 
pense. For  the  present  year,  reckoning  the  year  as  above,  its 
cost  will  be  about  $900  00 

Of  this,  the  two  mill  tax  will  be $230  00 

Dollar  on  a  scholar  tax, 151  00 

Primary  School  money  about 10  00 

By  direct  tax,  for  fuel,  &c., 100  00 

In  all, $551  00     551  00 

Leaving  to  be  raised  by  rate  bill, 349  00 

Something,  however,  may  be  deducted  from  this  amount  for 
the  tuition  of  non-residents  who  pay  $3  per  term.  This  whole 
amount  might  easily  have  been  raised  by  direct  tax,  if  the  law 
had  permitted  us  to  do  so.  But  because,  forsooth,  we  lack  50 
children  of  having  more  than  200,  we  cannot  pay  the  expenses 
of  our  school  by  taxation  !  Have  we  not  as  good  a  right  to  say 
whether  we  will  support  our  school  by  taxation,  as  though  we 
had  the  fifty  additional  children  ?  Our  rate  bills  last  year  were 
at  the  rate  of  2|  cents  per  day. 

5.  The  school  is  divided  into  two  departments,  one  teacher  in 
each  department ;  in  the  Primary  Department  about  45  pupils, 
in  the  Higher,  35. 

The  studies  in  the  Primary  Department  are  :  Eeading,  to 
Fourth  Reader  ;  Spelling,  Mental  Arithmetic  begun.  Geography 
begun.  In  the  Higher,  Mental  Arithmetic,  Practical  and  High- 
er Arithmetic,  Geography,  Grammar,  Physiology,  Algebra,  Ge- 
ometry, and  Latin. 

With  amount  of  fine  monies  to  be  apportioned  to  us  next  win- 
ter from  the  county  treasury,  and  the  amount  voted  from  the 
two  mill  tax,  we  expect  to  have  about  $200  to  invest  in  a  dis~ 
trict  library,  which  will  be  selected  with  great  care,  and  will  be 
of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  school.  The  plan  of  the  Union  or 
Graded  Schools  we  think  to  be  the  true  plan. 
We  are,  j'^ours,  very  respectfully, 

H.  BROSS,  Principal 

W.  T.  HOWELL,  Director. 


ONTONAGON  UNION  SCHOOL. 

Ontonagon,  Nov.  13,  1860.  * 
Hon.  J.  M.  Grsgory  : 

Dear  Sir  :  In  answer  to  your  circular,  I  submit  the  following 
report : 

1st.  The  Ontonagon  Union  School  is  located  at  Ontonagon, 
Lake  Superior. 


232  Doc. 

2d.  The  school  building  was  erected  two  years  ago — is  forty 
feet  by  sixty,  and  cost  $4,000.  There  is  a  complete  set  of  phil- 
osophical apparatus,  and  a  library  of  six  hundred  volumes  be- 
longing to  the  school. 

3d.  The  number  of  children  in  the  district,  as  shown  by  the 
last  census,  is  three  hundred  and  twenty.  The  whole  number 
in  attendance  during  the  past  year,  was  one  hundred  and  nine- 
ty-seven, four  of  whom  were  non-residents. 

4th.  The  year  is  divided  into  four  terms  ;  the  first  commenc- 
ing September  15th,  and  continuing  until  December  25th ;  the 
second,  from  January  1st  until  April  30th  ;  the  third  from  May 
15th  until  July  15th. 

5th.  The  school  cost  during  the  past  year,  $1,500  Of  this 
sum,  $1,300  was  paid  to  teachers. 

Non-resident  pupils  pay  75  cents  per  month  tuition  ;  resident 
pupils  pay  none  at  all. 

6th.  There  are  three  departments  in  the  school,  and  one  teach- 
er in  each.     The  ages  of  the  pupils  in  the  primary  department 
average  from  four  to  eight  years.     In  the  intermediate,  from 
seven  to  thirteen.     In  the  higher,  from  twelve  to  twenty-five. 
The  studies  in  the  different  departments  are  as  follows  : 

In  the  Primary,  Reading  ;  Writing  and  Spelling. 

In  the  Intermediate,  Primary  Geography  ;  Mental  Arithme- 
tic, etc.,  etc. 

In  the  Higher,  Arithmetic  ;  Algebra  ;  Geometry  ;  Philosophy; 
Physiology  ;  Botany  ;  Astronomy,  etc.,  etc.  There  are  no  for- 
eign languages  taught  in  this  school  at  present. 

In  concluding  this  report,  I  beg  leave  to  say,  that  the  people 
not  only  of  this  place,  but  all  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior, 
are  endeavoring,  by  every  means,  to  build  up  their  system  of 
education  ;  and  I  think  it  is  their  determination  to  create  schools 
here,  in  which  they  can  educate  their  children  without  sending 
them  abroad. 

J.  G.  EYEPETT,  Principal 
AUGUSTUS  COBUPtN,  Director. 


OTSEGO  UNION  SCHOOL. 

Otsego,  Allegan  Co.,  Nov.  5,  1860. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Gregory  : 

Dear  Sir  : — In  accordance  with  your  request,  published  in 
the  October  number  of  the  Educational  Journal,  for  reports 
from  the  different  Union  or  Graded  Schools  of  the  State,  we 
hasten  to  give  a  brief  report  of  our  Union  School,  located  at 
this  place. 

The  school  edifice  was  built  about  five  years  ago,  by  Mr.  F. 
Chadsey,  for    a  Primal  Seminary,  and   was  successfully  con- 


So.  1.  233 

ducted,  as  a  Seminary,  for  about  two  j^ears.  The  District  then 
purchased  the  building  and  grounds  of  Mr.  Chadsej^,  and  con- 
verted  it  into  a  Union  School.  Since  that  time,  for  about  three 
years,  our  school  has  been  highly  prosperous  as  a  Union  School. 
The  building  is  about  35  feet  by  45,  two  stories  high,  contain- 
ing two  large  session  rooms,  and  two  recitation  rooms.  The 
sciool  grounds  are  very  pleasant,  being  situated  in  a  beautiful 
oak  grove,  about  forty  rods  from  the  Kalamazoo  river. 

The  number  of  children  between  four  and  eighteen  years,  212. 

Number  in  attendance  during  the  year,  226. 

The  average  number  during  the  year  not  far  from  100. 

There  have  been  three  terms  during  the  last  school  year,  of 
fourteen  weeks  each. 

We  have  had  three  vacations — one  during  the  holidays — one 
in  the  spring,  of  about  two  weeks,  and  a  long  vacation  at  the 
end  of  the  school  year. 

The  cost  of  the  school  for  the  past  year  was  about  $^00  00. 

The  average  cost  of  resident  pupils,  aside  from  taxation,  has 
been  about  $2  00  yer  year. 

The  present  year  the  school  is  free  to  all  resident  pup'ls.' 

Non-resident  pupils  are  charged  |4  00  per  term. 

There  are  three  departments  in  the  school,  viz  :  Primary,  In- 
termediate, and  High  School. 

The  Primary  department  embraces  the  elementary  branches, 
as  far  as  the  first  principles  of  Written  Arithmetic,  Grammar, 
and  Geography. 

The  Intermediate  department  embraces  Intellectual  and  Writ- 
ten Arithmetic,  Grammar,  Geography,  &c. 

The  High  School  department  embraces  the  more  advanced 
studies  in  Intellectual  and  Written  Arithmetic,  Grammar,  Ge- 
ography, higher  Mathematics,  History,  Philosophy,  Rhetoric, 
Astronomy,  Book-keeping,  Latin,  &c. 

There  are  now  three  teachers  employed  ;  one  in  each  depart- 
ment. As  a  general  classification,  the  age  of  the  pupils  in  the 
different  departments  will  range  about  as  follows  : 

Primary  department  from  4  to  9  years  of  age. 

Intermediate  department  from  9  to  12  years  of  age. 

High  School  "  "    12  to  18 

Our  school  is  small  ;  consequently  we  cannot  receive  the  full 
advantage  derived  from  thorough  classification  in  large  Union 
Schools,  yet  we  are  endeavoring  to  make  ours  as  prosperous 
and  successful  as  any  of  the  kind  in  the  State — even  as  tho- 
rough as  our  large  Union  Schools. 

Hoping  tliat  we  have  answered  your  interrogatories  satisfac- 
torily, we  remain,     Very  respectfully  vomrs, 

M.  C.  CRANSTON,  Principal. 
80  IRA  CHICHESTER,  Direotor. 


234  Doc 

THREE  RIVERS  UNION  SCHOOL. 

1st.  Three  Rivers  Union  School  is  in  the  village  of  Three 
Rivers,  St.  Joseph  county,  Michigan. 

2d.  There  is  one  school  building.  Originally,  there  was  a 
brick  house  of  two  stories,  about  forty  feet  in  length,  by  twenty- 
five  in  breadth.  During  the  summer  of  1859,  a  new  building,  also 
of  brick,  was  erected  directly  in  front  of,  and  attached  to  the  old 
one.  This  addition  is  three  stories  in  height,  one  hundred  and 
eight  feet  in  length,  and  forty  feet  in  width.  The  whole  is 
divided  into  six  large  and  cheerful  school-rooms  of  nearly 
uniform  size.  Each  room  is  fitted  up  with  neat  and  comfortable 
seats  of  wood,  and  will  seat  on  the  average,  about  sixty  scholars. 
The  side  walls  of  each  are  converted  into  blackboards.  In  the 
middle  of  each  is  a  large  hall,  with  broad  stair-cases  leading 
to  the  school  rooms  on  each  side.  The  cost  of  the  new  build- 
ing was  $*I,000.  The  collection  of  apparatus  was  commenced 
last  year,  and  now  amounts  in  value  to  about  $75.  The  whole 
value  of  house,  grounds  and  apparatus  is  $10,000. 

3d.  The  number  of  children,  as  shown  by  the  last  school 
census,  is  407.  The  whole  number  in  attendance  during  the 
last  year  was  380,  of  whom  40  were  non-resident  scholars. 

4th.  The  school  year  is  divided  into  three  terms  of  14  weeks 
each.  The  fall  term  commences  on  the  third  Monday  in  Sep- 
tember; the  winter  term  on  the  first  Monday  after  New  Year; 
and  spring  term  on  the  third  Monday  in  April. 

5th.  The  whole  cost  of  schools  for  the  last  year  was  $1,846. 
$178  56  was  from  tuition  of  non-resident  scholars.  The  aver- 
age cost  of  tuition  for  resident  scholars  is  as  follows:  Senior 
Department,  $6  66;  Grammar  School,  $2  80  ;  Intermediate,  3d, 
2d,  and  1st  Primary,  each  $2  25.  The  tuition  for  non-resident 
scholars  is  as  follows:  Senior  Department,  $5  00;  G-rammar 
School,  $4  00;  Intermediate  and  3d  Primary,  $3  00;  2d  and  Ist 
Primary,  $200. 

6th.  Six  Departments  have  been  organized  and  named  as 
follows:  Senior  Grammar  School,  Intermediate,  3d  Primary,  2d 
Primary,  1st  Primary.  The  pupils  in  each,  at  this  time,  are, 
in  the  Senior  Department,  32;  Grammar  School,  44;  Interme- 
diate, 66;  2d  Primary,  50;  1st  Primary  66.  There  is  one 
teacher  in  each  Department;  and  as  there  are  no  recitation 
rooms,  the  several  Departments  constitute  separate  schools 
as  far  as  internal  arrangements  are  concerned.  The  studfes 
pursued  in  each  room  are  as  follows:  First  Primary  Depart^ 
ment — Object  Lessons,  Chart  Exercises,  Webb's  First  and 
Second  Readers.  Second  Primary  Department — Sander's  Second 
Reader,  Sander's  Third  Reader  commenced,  Primary  Geogra- 
raphy,  Mental  Arithmetic  commenced,  with  spelling  and  writing. 


No.  1.  235. 

Third  Primary  Department — Sander's  Third  Eeader  and  First 
Mental  Arithmetic  completed,  Sander's  Fourth  Reader  and 
Montieth's  Manual  of  Geography,  commenced,  with  spelling 
*and  writing.  Intermediate  Department — Second  Mental  Arith- 
metic commenced.  Fourth  Reader,  and  Monteith's  Manual  com- 
pleted, with  spelling,  writing  and  *  declamation.  Grammar 
School  Department — Parker  and  Watson's  Fourth  Reader,  Mc- 
Nalley's  Geography,  Fitch's  Physical  Geography,  Sill's  Gram- 
mar, Morey's  Practical  Arithmetic,  Hitchcock's  Physiology, 
with  spelling',  writing,  composition  and  declamation  weekly.. 
Senior  Department — Parker  and  Watson's  Fifth  Reader,  Welch's 
Analysis,  Well's  Philosophy,  Youman's  Chemistry,  Davies, 
Bourdon  and  El.  Algebras,  Davies'  Legendre,  Mental  Arithmetic, 
spelling,  composition  and  declamation. 

The  modern  languages  are  not  taught;  but  there  are  classes^ 
in  Greek  and  Latin.  During  the  last  year  two  young  men  have 
completed  their  preparatory  course,  and  entered  the  University 
in  October  last. 

WILLIAM  H.  PAYNE,  Principal 


YASSAR  UNION  SCHOOL. 

Yassae,  October  15,  1860. 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction : 

Dear  Sir — The  school  house  of  this  fractional  district  has  un- 
til this  time  been  situated  in  the  township  of  Tuscola,  although 
in  the  village  of  Yassar.  Our  district  officers  have,  however, 
been  elected  under  a  special  act  of  the  Legislature  that  pro- 
vides for  enlarging  the  district  and  electing  a  Board  of  Trus- 
tees; and  this  last  summer  we  have  built  a  new  school  house  in 
the  township  of  Yassar,  hence  the  report  from  the  Inspectors  of 
Yassar  for  the  first-time.  Our  house  is  of  brick,  40  by  tO  feet, 
and  will  cost,  when  entirely  completed,  not  far  from  $5,000.  We 
intend  to  have  it  conducted  on  the  principle  of  Graded  Schools, 
and  hope  the  experiment  (for  it  is  but  an  experiment  in  this  new 
county)  will  prove  successful. 

Yours  respectfully, 

F.  BOURNS,  Deputy  Clerk,  and 

President  of  Board  of  Trustees. 


Note. — A  circular  was  Issued  to  the  Union  and  High  Schools  of  the  State,  but  the  foregoing 
Reports  are  all  which  came  to  hand  before  the  time  of  making  up  the  Annual  Report.. 


ABSTRACT 


OF 


SCHOOL  INSPECTORS'  REPORTS 

BY  TO^V^ISTSHIPS, 


^238 


Doc. 


ALLEGAN 


TOWNSHIPS. 


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Allegan, 

•Casco, 

ChesMre, 

Clyde, 

Dorr, 

Fillmore,  

Ganges, 

Gun  Plain, 

Heath, 

Hopkins, 

Laketown, 

Lee, 

Leighton, 

Maniius, 

Martin, 

Monterey,    

Newark, 

Otsego, 

Overisal, 

Salem, 

Trowbridge, 

Watson, 

Wayland, 

'     Total, 23 


7 

1 

570 

410 

7.4 

388 

4 

80 

61 

4.5 

208 

6 

216 

200 

4.8 

166 

2 

20 

22 

4.5 

6 

237 

190 

5.6 

297 

3 

204 

109 

5.3 

222 

6 

291 

244 

5.1 

155 

7 

376 

339 

7.7 

275 

4 

114 

116 

6.5 

4 

197 

151 

5.6 

331 

1 

73 

62 

4. 

71 

1 

6 

9 

3. 

43 

8 

214 

195 

4.6 

263 

f 

3 

130 

146 

6.1 

6 

245 

228 

6.7 

313 

6 

324 

267 

6. 

150 

3 

198 

104 

6.3 

129 

7 

467 

462 

7. 

400 

4 

152 

110 

4.8 

191 

4 

156 

67 

4.8 

84 

8 

342 

231 

5.8 

260 

8 

310 

240 

6.2 

286 

6 

268 

269 

6.2 

280 

114 

11 

5190 

4222 

5.6 

1898 

2614 

$1041  10 
163  91 
225  15 

52  00 
320  42 
285  96 
32?  77 
656  30 

74  87 
279  57 

68  07 
109  20 
291  82 
167  00 
490  77 
317  16 
165  04 
822  04 
229  20 
179  93 
441  72 
371  95 
279  40 


^  5  00 

29  25 

132  OS 

83  09 

118  74 

121  78 

50  44 

13  00 


92  62 

315  62 

95  84 

19  55 
127  41 
224  90 

20  00 
61  80 
98  35 

100  71 


$235  30 
79  27 
71  94 

5T  35 

206  39 
640  94 
106  69 
266  24 
284  48 

32  50 
86  50 
423  60 
36  55 
201  10 
171  00 
132  86 
930  18 
388  00 

207  75 
262  80 

98  12 
207  29 


$7171  351  $1710  181  $5126  85 


Fremont,. 


1| 


73  i 


31|  3.   I 


/ 


ALPENA 

$19  32|      $17  50! 

BARRY 


Asqvria 

7 

1 

341 

291 

6  1 

275 

$401  62 

$  53  84 

$223  02 

Baltimore, 

6 

1 

210 

177 

5. 

181 

178  35 

50  81 

75  91 

Barry 

7 
5 

3 
3 

344 

318 

355 

275 

6.2 
6.2 

369 

222 

313  54 

340  73 

245  22 
112  51 

171  13 

Carlton, 

134  25 

Castleton, 

7 

1 

347 

241 

5.6 

198 

204  29 

55  36 

433  41 

Hastings, 

5 

503 

327 

7.2 

114 

654  89 

27  67 

1029  88 

Hope, 

6 

1 

214 

160 

5.1 

149 

168  10 

56  24 

59  00 

Irving, 

6 

1 

308 

290 

6.7 

243 

411  29 

147  40 

126  93 

Jolmstown, 

6 

3 

352 

226 

5  6 

330 

409  20 

232  19 

137  89 

Maple  Grove, 

5 

2 

242 

192 

6.1 

236 

198  68 

34  19 

411  00 

Orangeville, 

3 

1 

289 

211 

7.2 

200 

205  57 

113  91 

114  00 

Prairieville, 

6 

3 

446 

356 

7.1 

376 

473  89 

143  15 

589  00 

Rutland, 

7 

225 

197 

6.8 

266 

251  84 

96  64 

76  62 

Thornapple, 

6 

311 

263 

5.3 

371 

339  53 

167  70 

239  48 

Woodland, 

6 

1 

315 

262 

6.1 

256 

336  43 

216  33 

114  68 

Yankee  Springs, . 

5 

2 

215 

193 

5. 

556 

164  62 

57  90 

241  77 

Total, 16 

93 

23 

4980 

4016 

6.1 

1501 

2841 

$5052  57 

$1811  06 

$4178  17 

BAY 


Baneror, 

2 
2 
1 

1 

173 

405 

128 

24 

118 

266 

100 

21 

7. 
8.5 
8. 
3. 

95 
52 

$262  79 
674  47 
285  00 
218  68 

$50  00 

Hampton , 

Portsmouth, 

Williams, 

20  00 

206  72 

Total, 4 

6 

730 

505 

6.4 

147 

$1440  94 

$276  72 

No. :. 


2S9 


COUNTY. 


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$3100  00 

640  00 

1021  00 

127  00 

880  00 

505  00 

2125  00 

1955  00 

1210  00 

1674  00 

150  00 

100  00 

1195  00 

606  00 

1123  00 

1533  00 

2815  75 
320  00 
500  00 

1665  00 
272  01 
900  00 


$10  00 

75 

3  00 

5  00 
3  00 

5  00 
12  00 


8  00 
7  00 


27  50 
52  00 


11  00 


3 

13 

6 

1 

9 

3 

4 

8 

1 

0 

2 

11 

4 

15 

1 

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4 

5 

1 

1 

5 

7 

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4 

6 

6 

6 

6 

1 

6 

7 

9 

2 

3 

2 

4 

3 

10 

3 

14 

3 

11 

$1062  25 
150  50 
381  75 
70  00 
410  83 
298  42 
479  59 
716  38 
281  96 

329  76 
78  75 
45  00 

436  38 

330  00 
531  75 
484  75 
286  50 

1141  49 
329  00 
240  00 
489  22 
430  29 
488  75 


$262  66 
25  76 
82  80 

96  14 

86  02 
116  38 
164  22 

46  46 
81  42 
30  82 
4  60 
69  00 

61  19 
109  94 
143  06 

87  40 
218  96 

62  10 
60  72 

143  52 
139  38 
121  91 


$971  46 
135  16 
145  15 
64  00 
222  33 
213  47 
202  87 
479  37 

228  00 
62  25 
114  40 
235  23 
174  86 
404  58 
338  80 
267  60 
628  56 
170  00 
184  27 
277  93 
266  51 
121  90 


$30  00 
10  00 

25  00 


25  00 
10  00 
10  00 
25  00 


25  00 


50  00 


$32  85 


10  47 
14  46 
22  13 


9  77 
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8  63 

19  09 
17  19 

17  95 


$15  00 
5  00 
8  00 
2  00 
7  00 
7  00 
2  00 
27  50 


4  50 

4  00 
6  00 

5  50 
18  00 
15  00 

17  50 

10  00 
12  00 

11  50 


$  1  50 


5  00 


20  00 


2  50 
6  00 


3  00 

2  50 

5  50 

10  00 

1  00 


$24416  76|  $144  251  61|152|  $9492  56|  $2219  96|  $5908  73|  $210  00|167  13|117  50 


57  00 


COUNTr. 


COUNTY 


1|        $60  00) 


$19  321 


2$  775  00 

$30  00 

3 

12 

$591  50 

$129  26 

$271  37 

$ 

$14  75 

$  6  00 

598  00 

4  35 

3 

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312  00 

99  36 

111  20 

14  00 

3  00 

1135  00 

24  00 

5 

14 

663  00 

152  72 

366  0^ 

66  32 

9  00 

1580  00 

31  00 

6 

11 

530  25 

160  42 

167  62 

1365  00 

31  00 

1 

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512  70 

150  88 

16  00 

6  00 

6980  00 

4 

9 

1015  75 

209  30 

372  15 

6  00 

7  00 

960  00 

12 

270  15 

87  40 

135  06 

25  00 

15  00 

10  00 

698  00 

15  00 

3 

11 

662  81 

135  70 

200  00 

16  00 

1380  00 

8  00 

3 

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152  72 

267  06 

10  50 

4  50 

1422  00 

33  00 

1 

11 

408  85 

108  56 

35  84 

16  00 

1075  00 

45  00 

4 

5 

350  87 

130  18 

76  37 

3509  00 

33  00 

5 

12 

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188  14 

290  08 

3  50 

860  00 

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1 

10 

378  70 

92  00 

199  37 

35  00 

12  00 

2335  00 

35  00 

3 

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538  61 

157  32 

319  11 

25  00 

8  00 

5  00 

1730  00 

12  00 

6 

6 

550  87 

144  90 

267  64 

15  15 

6  50 

1020  00 

25 

5 

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365  03 

93  38 

135  20 

18  00 

5  00 

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$au3  60 

52 

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$8523  84 

$2182  24 

$3114  15 

$116  52 

187  90 

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COUNTY. 


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$ 

1 

3 

3000  00 

70  00 

2 

3 

300  00 

1 

1 

75  00 

1  00 

1 

$286  75 

944  0( 

240  0( 

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$  82  80 

166  52 

53  82 

11  96 


$312  37 
592  26 
207  25 
206  72 


$3975^001     4^71  00|     4]     8|     $1516  25|       $315  10|     $1318  60 


$  9  00 
18  00 

2  75 


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10  00 


50 


|?29  75]  $15  50 


240 


Doc. 


BERRIEN 


TOWNSHIPS. 


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Bainbridge, 
Bentou,.  .. . 

Berrien, 

Bertrand,  . . 
Buchanan , . . 
Chickamiag, 

Galien, 

Hagai', 

Lake, 

New  Buffalo, 

Niles, .' 

Niles  City,  . 
Oranoko, . . . 
Pipestone,.  . 
Royal  ton,  . . 

Sodus,  

St.  Joseph,  . 
Three  Oa  s, 
Watervleit,. 
Weesaw,  . . . 


6 

1 

351 

264 

5.9 

399 

5 

3 

426 

284 

6.4 

337 

5 

2 

388 

341 

6.9 

361 

10 

1 

685 

636 

7. 

441 

6 

534 

462 

6.9 

582 

2 

86 

83 

8.5 

150 

5 

1 

216 

207 

•6.7 

221 

5 

111 

122 

4.4 

236 

6 

1 

205 

176 

6. 

366 

2 

211 

160 

6.9 

.    140 

10 

5 

799 

583 

6.5 

630 

1 

1075 

693 

10. 

300 

7 

428 

426 

6.8 

400 

7 

3 

435 

391 

6.8 

167 

6 

1 

326 

279 

5.3 

190 

5 

1 

284 

243 

6. 

1 

1 

421 

265 

4. 

84 

2 

2 

224 

160 

6.1 

176 

6 

337 

193 

6.2 

250 

4 

1 

233 

192 

6.4 

250 

I  382  58 

436  80 

831  62 

1168  74 

764  29 

186  01 

292  50 

163  08 

473  71 

294  85 

1314  58 

1893  12 

851  06 

473  70 

461  73 

550  69 
480  43 
368  14 
344  27 


$225  91 

220  11 

46  24 

162  06 

248  69 

22  69 
54  65 
35  79 

286  70 

68  26 
284  21 

70  00 

93  80 

100  00 

5  34 

120  75 

34  64 


$  66  65' 

636  11 

6  00 

161  61 

884  00 

32  00 

79  49 

45  16. 

305  55 

202  9a 

87  90 

3000  GO 

422  93 

314  11 

20  64 

124  32 

391  19 

148  35 
79  54 


Total, 20 1  101 1     231     7675|     60601  5. 8|     26611     2918 1 $11731  901  $2079  74 


$6597  4& 


BRANCH 


Algansee,  .. . 

Batavia, 

Bethel, 

Bronson, 

Butler, 

California,   .. 
Coldwater,  .. 

Gilead, 

Girard, 

Kinderhook.. 

Mattison, 

Noble, 

Ovid, 

Quincy,  

Sherwood,.. . 
Union, 


Total, 161     94|     33      7087 


354 
356 

377 
525 
378 
296 
1229 
246 
398 
173 
348 
216 
488 
774 
380 
649 


345 

337 
392 
415 
372 
180 
960 
238 
412 
173 
328 
231 
429 
696 
295 
597 


6.1 

6.4 

6.6 

6.6 

6.5 

7. 

6.4 

6.2 

6.6 

6.2 

5.5 

6.3 

6.5 


6.7 


424 


64001  6. 


424 


339 
230 
212 
201 
295 
255 
361 

156 

538 

282 

410 
281 
109 
339 


%  400  60 

565  60 

454  58 

613  81 

455  22 

312  20 

2382  36 

355  57 

667  22 

244  14 

548  98 

260  38 

637  89 

1141  69 

553  00 

1038  93 

S243  22 
105  46 
110  15 

64  99 
134  43 
110  08 

44  89 

36  53 
259  63 

29  60 
217  67 

80  11 
143  46 

69  60 
113  17 
450  66 


%  133  35 

70  63 
85  24 

518  25 
43  61 

1867  00 

46  62 

49  50 

49  00 

110  70 

71  25 
327  50 
598  00 
518  00 
136  06 


4008 1 $10622  17|  $2192  44 1  $4614  71 


No. :. 


241 


COUNTY. 


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$27  00 

6 

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$d01  19 

$157  78 

$227  11 

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$  5  00 

$  3  00 

2830  00 

3  GO 

5 

11 

664  44 

184  00 

252  84 

24  00 

5  00 

8  00 

1210  00 

14  00 

8 

5 

859  00 

178  94 

625  73 

24  24 

10  50 

3490  00 

21  00 

6 

16 

1075  52 

264  04 

965  72 

?5  76 

5  00 

3425  GO 

115  00 

7 

10 

964  36 

264  50 

594  05 

20  00 

18  00 

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4 

179  00 

44  16 

167  20 

25  GO 

5  98 

6  00 

2  00 

744  00 

o 

8 

368  75 

93  38 

235  90 

12  68 

9  00 

15  00 

1260  50 

1 

7 

227  60 

48  30 

116  00 

48  30 

15  00 

6  00 

1685  00 

4  60 

6 

5 

513  50 

72  22 

140  70 

4  00 

950  00 

8 

2 

310  00 

83  26 

276  52 

50  00 

11  2^ 

10  GO 

4210  00 

11 

19 

1543  10 

S68  00 

1114  57 

50  00 

49  88 

31500  00 

150  00 

2 

IC 

3478  66 

487  60 

1495  S3 

66  04 

3  00 

3  00 

2490  00 

12  00 

6 

8 

1271  62 

183  08 

701  44 

24  80 

12  00 

7  00 

835  00 

4  00 

4 

12 

717  75 

287  50 

474  54 

38  92 

12  50 

2  GO 

360  00 

50 

6 
2 

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499  00 
336  50 

131  56 

309  93 

17  80 

10  00 
6  GO 

3  00 

5000  00 

2 

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311  72 

169  m 

381  42 

22  90 

3  00 

50 

1400  00 

12  00 

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439  50 

97  98 

362  17 

25  00 

13  86 

2130  00 

2 

8 

417  18 

144  90 

230  90 

25  00 

19  48 

900  75 

8  00 

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8 

355  00 

93  38 

152  74 

12  60 

6  00 

3  00 

66583  25 1  371  00]  84|162|  15133  29 1   3353  86  j   8823  81 1  175  00 1 452  50 1 131  00 1  50  50 

COUNTY. 


19S5  00 

61  00 

4 

12 

675  35 

159  16 

326  •  4 

7  00 

2735  00 

12  00 

3 

18 

5S7  30 

177  10 

397  89 

20  50 

8  00 

946  00 

87  00 

4 

10 

559  50 

169  74 

344  84 

14  00 

4470  00 

35  00 

f 

1 

936  00 

226  78 

425  45 

16  GO 

5  GO 

1453  00 

4  00 

7 

i 

572  00 

176  64 

311  59 

19  20 

13  00 

5  50 

1405  00 

8  00 

0 

6 

420  75 

89  70 

230  54 

13  00 

4  50 

9380  00 

81  00 

8 

26 

3273  40 

569  4S 

1927  83 

29  00 

23  00 

1387  00 

5  00 

3 

5 

397  25 

120  98 

235  71 

9  50 

2  60 

2020  00 

t 

14 

932  50 

193  66 

665  75 

13  50 

6  GO 

1278  00 

17  00 

2 

6 

281  91 

73  60 

202  16 

2150  00 

31  00 

7 

11 

667  98 

156  40 

827  00 

20  OC 

5  00 

1000  00 

n  00 

o 

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362  16 

98  44 

188  13 

2  50 

1532  02 

35  00 

7 

13 

739  37 

224  48 

291  55 

13  50 

7  00 

5680  00 

18  CO 

11 

15 

1435  52 

323  84 

777  35 

17  50 

11  50 

2580  00 

8  (Q 

5 

11 

663  75 

171  12 

434  54 

76  00 

20  00 

' 

7 

17 

1308  09 

285  20 

659  26 

15  00 

16  00 

40001  02 

367  00 

85 

183 

13762  83 

3216  32 

7745  82 

95  20 

224  00 

93  00 

31 


242 


Doc 


CALHOUN 


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Albion,  

Athens,  

Battle  Creek.  — 
"        (City,) 

Bedford,  

Burlington, 

Clarendon, 

Clarence,    

Convis, 

Eckford,  

Emmett, 

Fredonia,  

Homer, 

Lee,  

LeRoy,  

Marengo,  

Marshall, 

"        (City).. 

Newton, 

Pennfield , 

Slierida,n , 

Tekonska, 


5 

2 

695 

521 

8.2 

5 

2 

290 

268 

8.2 

6 

3 

386 

347 

8.1 

1 

1013 

1036 

9.7 

7 

2 

374 

298 

6.4 

4 

1 

291 

221 

6.6 

316 

4 

2 

366 

346 

7.7 

6 

2 

369 

271 

6.1 

487 

6 

314 

262 

7.5 

7 

2 

347 

339 

7.1 

7 

3 

485 

495 

6.6 

5 

4 

360 

305 

6.5 

4 

3 

359 

302 

8. 

5 

4 

388 

326 

5.8 

7 

2 

353 

328 

7.3 

6 

1 

285 

245 

7. 

3 

3 

260 

265 

8. 

1 

1112 

750 

10. 

3 

6 

354 

•  294 

7. 

7 

2 

350 

306 

5.5 

6 

2 

458 

323 

6.6 

5 

2 

358 

287 

7. 

636 

264 
241 
400 


600 

453 
434 
315 
328 
458 
48 
38 
481 
156 
350 
483 
212 
271 


$1128  90 
382  84 
544  83 

1781  91 
576  06 
372  09 
503  96 
343  63 
396  18 
785  18 
943  90 
613  95 
696  59 
321  26 
429  28 
673  59 
682  63 

1843  88 
399  25 
503  68 
543  24 
439  76 


$  72  83 
186  66 
351  03 

271  32 
121  54 

67  80 
115  51 
193  55 
158  93 
246  13 

93  12 
372  16 
104  04 
381  15 
114  67 

20  00 

251  80 
169  81 
280  16 
126  67 


$81138  21 
339  15 

92  84 

3330  29 

182  89 

220  60 

19  04 

57  83 
152  35 
236  60 
632  58 

30  00 
138  88 
362  62 
481  87 

70  50 
150  57 
2119  23 
103  24 
303  75 
182  04 
179  25 


Total, 2211091     49|     9456|     8135|  7.3|     1439|     5501|$15011  60|  $3697  96|$10534  33 

OASS 


Calvin, 

Howard, 

Jefferson, 

LeGrange,   

Marcellus,   

Mason, 

Milton, 

Newburgh, 

Ontwa, 

Penn , 

Pokagon, 

Porter, 

Silver  Creek , 

Voliuia, 

Wayne, 

Total, 15 


Duncan,  i      11 

Inverness, |      2\ 

Total, I   Sf 


7 

1 

579 

421 

6.6 

700 

8 

341 

282 

6.8 

400 

6 

379 

256 

6. 

327 

5 

3 

538 

493 

7.1 

265 

6 

255 

215 

4.7 

314 

5 

280 

212 

6.4 

427 

5 

1 

233 

205 

7. 

391 

5 

2 

304 

201 

6.3 

272 

4 

1 

298 

262 

7.1 

410 

6 

496 

325 

5.6 

4 

3 

396 

358 

6.8 

162 

11 

1 

615 

648 

6.1 

506 

7 

1 

741 

591 

6.6 

281 

7 

307 

250 

5.8 

600 

6 

2 

359 

305 

7.3 

439 

1  91 

15 

6121 

5024 

7.4 

1700 

3794 1 

$  650  65 
665  60 
441  97 

1001  84 
308  61 
421  29 
517  16 
280  76 
436  81 
631  65 
767  24 
837  15 

1038  29 
458  20 
643  29 


$216  94 

143  64 

127  93 

263  72 

83  00 

85  77 

174  11 

124  59 

238  45 

38  39 

67  66 
349  87 
185  79 

68  26 
141  12 


$934  25 
141  70 
715  50 
685  34 
224  68 

24  50 
294  00 
329  24 
111  43 

88  50 

287  14 

181  04 

2452  99 

493  50 

83  25 


CHEBOYGAN 


371 
73 


251 
72 


1901 


$190  191 
288  63 


$10  00 
22  00 


Saat  Ste.  Marie,. 


1101    97|  5.6|     I   190|  $478  82|       |   $32  00 

CHIPPEWA 

435|        81|10.   I      237|  [    $471  87|  \    $250  0» 


No.  7. 


24S 


COUNTY. 


K 


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$2500  01 
2372  00 
2450  00 

15000  00 
1800  00 
1020  00 
1005  00 
645  50 
2240  00 
1665  00 
6180  00 
985  00 
1375  00 
1250  00 

83  oo: 

1250  00' 
2000  00 
15000  00 
1240  00 
925  00 
2270  00 
1275  00 


$ 

5 

8 

13  00 

5 

1 

7 

11 

150  00 

2 

11 

7  00 

6 

11 

15  00 

Q 

5 

8  00 

4 

8 

3 

13 

5 

7 

SO  00 

8 

11 

5  00 

9 

S 

10  00 

8 

51 

6 

7 

15  00 

3 

12 

6 

11 

7 

7 

4 

9 

1000  00 

2 

11 

5  00 

7 

11 

48  00 

2 

11 

40  50 

5 

13 

4 

10 

$1140  88 
584  75 
944  10 

3676  05 
814  00 
480  00 
548  24 
444  82 
643  00 
897  64 

1144  11 
718  27 
955  42 
447  75 
805  75 
C80  76 
569  00 

3396  54 
765  96 
664  15 
925  55 
548  52 


$286  04 
133  86 
185  38 
425  04 

191  44 
1S4  78 
165  48 

156  86 

160  08; 
169  74 
23i  60 

161  00 
159  le 
169  74 
140  74 
133  86 
188  54 
574  M 
161  92 

157  79 

192  72 
153  18 


$947  77 
150  94 
506  OS 

1356  88 
576  06 
290  57 
342  84 
177  38 
381  62 
563  47 
529  92 
467  50 
542  42 
165  36 
329  00 
693  92 
6SS  64 

1248  21 
322  73 
397  12 
432  11 
486  74 


20  23 
46  47 

14  72 

17  02 
17  11 

17  52 

18  55 
25  62 
17  59 

17  3^ 

18  o4 

16  03. 

17  34 
20  10 
62  81 
17  70 

20  84 
16  75 


13  00 


20  00 

5  50 

SO  00 

20  00 

15  OG 
IS  00 


7  OO, 
26  50 
20  50 
12  00 


7  50 

4  00 

9  00 

5  50 

8  00 
17  00 
12  00 

8  50 


12 
€ 

16  00 


50 

09 


63430  51|  1346  50|111(214|  21802  25|   4428  50|  11587  23| 


|402  32|187  50|  106  00 


COUNTY. 


625  00 

25  50 

9 

10 

857  75 

246  10 

195  75 

67  51 

12  00 

600  00 

8 

8 

749  42 

172  50 

47  34 

12 

OC 

1375  50 

17  00 

6 

6 

657  25 

181  24 

553  02 

49  72 

11 

£0 

2  00 

7135  00 

75  00 

8 

9 

1462  92 

236  90 

900  19 

64  99 

6  00 

1750  00 

3 

7 

374  30 

98  90 

350  95 

29  30 

g 

00 

6  00 

1200  00 

40  00 

3 

8 

466  75 

112  70 

293  95 

30  90 

5 

50 

1075  00 

21  00 

5 

7 

672  50 

112  24 

413  34 

30  70 

5 

50 

5  50 

1305  00 

8  00 

4 

10 

447  25 

134  32 

280  17 

5  00 

36  85 

9 

00 

1950  00 

36  00 

4 

1 

716  62 

126  50 

540  10 

34  70 

18 

00 

4  00 

1950  00 

31  00 

0 

7 

774  00 

209  30 

596  65 

57  42 

13 

OC 

8  00 

2295  00 

12  00 

6 

9 

729  SO 

201  02 

816  59 

35  15 

6  00 

2731  90 

110  00 

9 

15 

1188  03 

278  76 

547  45 

76  48 

22 

00 

7  00 

2315  00 

75 

6 

11 

1940  64 

339  48 

397  92 

93  13 

775  00 

24  00 

4 

8 

608  83 

133  4o 

467  OC 

36  59 

231®  00 

9  00 

7 

7 

766  50 

146  74 

146  74 

40  26 

15 

CO 

4  00 

29392  40|  409  25|  87|128|  12412  13|   2730  lOj   6499  80|    5  00J731  04|119  50(  60  50 


COUNTY. 

25  001 
200  00   45  00 1 

2 
4 

163  00 
216  25 

16  56 
37  72 

73  63 1 
100  90 1 

25  00  26  50 
5S  72 

6  50 

7  50 

1  £0 

200  00 1   70  00 1 

6| 

379  25 1 

64  28 1 

174  53| 

25  e0|  85  22 1 

14  00 1 

1  50 

COUNTY. 

500  001 


I     1|     1|        269  50!         206  16|         286  44j 


£«  00  i 


244 


Doc. 


CLINTON 


TOWNSHIPS. 


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146  63 

195  00 

2  00 

•20  62 

434  20 

38  63 

293  76 

232  48 

43  00 

22  81 

45  78 

65  25 

2?  8  00 

477  93 

69  26 


Batn,  

Bengal,  .... 
Bingliam ,  . . 
Dallas,  .. .. . 
DeWitt,  .... 

Duplain, 

Eagle, 

Essex,  

Greenbush.. 
Lebanon,  .  . 

Olive, 

Ovid, 

Riley, 

Victor, 

Watertown , 
Westphalia, , 


5 

4 

•J.'i'i 

•Z6(, 

4.6 

•Zod 

S 

2 

210 

179 

6.0 

66 

4 

S 

454 

376 

5  S 

215 

6 

265 

ISf 

5.1 

45 

5 

33S 

311 

6.6 

160 

1 

2 

362 

335 

5  6 

1S£ 

7 

i 

327 

292 

6.4 

145 

7 

379 

272 

6.1 

178 

9 

1 

391 

304 

5.6 

9« 

7 

239 

232 

4.8 

23S 

5 

169 

140 

6.2 

181 

5 

4 

364 

275 

6.5 

156 

4 

2 

207 

175 

5.2 

soe 

6 

1 

196 

210 

5.0 

500 

5 

1 

256 

25S 

6.0 

289 

7 

1 

471 

19-2 

4.1 

$:iuy  52 
363  83 
694  55 
275  06 
S69  46 
603  07 
353  29 

452  91 
463  64 
283  96 
267  50 
458  5? 
314  45 
230  98 

453  54 
370  39 


$66 

09 

89 

36 

18 

00 

4  98 

164  68 

72 

30 

86 

53 

62 

00 

82 

19 

45 

06 

151 

77 

52 

40 

123 

78 

38 

96 

25 

20 

Total, 16|     92|     2-s\     48a6|     39671  5. 5|       50j|     2481 1  $6164  71 1  $1083  30 1  $2651  34 

EATON 


Beilevue, 

Benton , , 

Brookfield, 

Carmel, 

Chester, , 

Delta,   

Eaton,  

Eaton  Rapids,... 

Kalamo, 

Oneida, 

Roxand, 

Sunfield, 

Vermontville,  .. 

Walton, 

Windsor, 


8 

2 

557 

466 

6.0 

555 

7 

1 

313 

22c 

4.9 

363 

6 

2 

291 

246 

5.3 

130 

7 

o 

566 

488 

6.6 

451 

7 

1 

314 

303 

5.6 

425 

5 

3 

226 

215 

5.5 

295 

6 

3 

357 

346 

5.8 

393 

13 

2 

963 

929 

7.0 

£81 

7 

o 

380 

320 

6.2 

278 

6 

2 

490 

405 

6.6 

199 

6 

2 

316 

320 

5.8 

260 

5 

109 

118 

5.4 

99 

7 

2 

307 

292 

6.6 

624 

5 

2 

363 

353 

6.3 

220 

8 

301 

264 

4.9 

838 

$784  56 
391  78 
266  83 

1071  77 
391  86 
332  68 
579  2-2 

1454  68 
545  58 
536  55 
373  60 
196  37 
457  21 
551  si 
391  64 


5221 

97 

45 

32 

115 

08 

254  16 

69  08 

68 

95 

15 

140 

76 

111 

82 

1S4  97 1 

52 

92 

62 

55 

114 

73 

70 

59 

$467  22 

36  67 

22  16 

68  50 

223  93 

212  94 

2  36 

686  10 

78  00 

73  15 

134  95 

180  00 

322  70 

165  00 

130  07 


Total, 15|  103]     26|     5S53|     5288|  5.9|     2023|     2878 1  $3325  94|  $1455  05 1  $2793  74 


GENESEE 


Argentine, 

Atlas,   

Burton, 

Clayton, 

Davison , 

Fen ton , 

Flint 

Flint  City, 

Flushing, 

Forest, 

Gaines, 

Genesee,  

Grand   Blanc,.. 

Montrose, 

Mount  Morris,  . 

Mundv, 

Richfield, , 

Thetford, 

Vienna, 


5 

329 

210 

7.0 

72 

7 

4 

568 

528 

7.1 

115 

7 

0 

364 

30o 

6.0 

244 

4 

& 

280 

251 

6.7 

31'v 

1 

r. 

331 

291 

f>.7 

400 

f 

4 

70f> 

668 

7.0 

145 

8 

3 

676 

4-72 

6.5 

^^p'?' 

•2 

i 

1.015 

867 

9.6 

142 

8 

3 

496 

460 

6  f 

322 

6 

246 

211 

4.8 

137 

4 

4 

299 

28-2 

6.2 

269 

5 

3 

397 

3'-8 

6  0 

217 

5 

4 

473 

40P 

7.1 

203 

4 

•) 

159 

14-2 

b.b 

263 

2 

3 

257 

V28 

6.6 

207 

5 

2 

386 

32-2 

6.0 

2-24 

8 

0 

368 

338 

5.9 

225 

6 

318 

238 

6.2 

311 

4 

2 

309 

301 

6.8 

122 

$399  96 
945  07 
Cbt  79 
V67-62 
43  07 
887  92 
523  26 
1.727  05 
598  07 
173  98 
40S  38 
591  02 
811  36 
206  93 
347  35 
430  -20 
405  10 
324  19 

408  ;<2 


$  60  00 

212  75 
28  52 

83  63 
93  14 

174  HI 
227  18 

154  64 

84  02 
80  64 
86  18 
45  12 
50  00 
34  23 

143  04 
39  52 
80  41 


$327  92 

138  66 

80  89 

180  96 

68  09 

2014  56 
417  72 

6817  12 
162  75 
648  06 
541  67 
618  30 
216  25 
490  19 
107  60 
285  83 
3  5  46 
191  05 
45  00 


Total, 19|  ,1021     451  7.879|  6.746|  6.5|       722|     36121  10544  64|    1677  33{  12478  86 


No.  1. 


245 


COUNTY. 


a 


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$1146  00 

715  00 

1410  00 

850  00 
1250  GO 
1525  00 
2006  23 

906  00 
1028  00 

678  00 
1780  00 

580  0' 

925  00 
1353  00 

712  00 


$21  to 

2 

y 

15  00 

4 

5 

6 

8 

5 

4 

20  00 

3 

9 

12  50 

6 

10 

19  00 

6 

7 

6 

8 

23  50 

4 

13 

6  00 

7 

6 

22  00 

1 

10 

6  60 

6 

14 

6  50 

6 

5 

15  00 

4 

7 

16  00 

6 

8 

3  00 

3 

8 

$o85  39 
350  59 
781  70 
412  40 
603  35 
646  74 
612  42 
377  00 
621  42 
394  92 
284  25 
694  33 
340  00 
375  62 
506  47 
447  25 


§114 

Ot) 

107 

18 

219 

88 

106 

26 

166  98 i 

148 

58 

135  ^ 

165  14 

164  68 

116  84 

75 

44 

162  84 

108  56 

78 

20 

115 

92 

203 

78 

$i7b  60 
263  74 
487  13 
169  37 
369  46 
319  33 
318  52 
323  78 
226  Ob 
177  53 
95  81 
586  51 

237  13 
342  52 
273  04 


$117  30 


$10  25 


$2  00 


23  00 
15  00 
10  50 

10  00 
50 

12  00 
11  00 
15  00 

3  00 

1  00 

12  00 

20  00 
16  00 

0   00 

16863  23]  186  00|  74|131|   7933  85|   2190  06|   4.i66  50j 

COUNTY 


I     117  30] 132  75 1    37  00 


6900  00 

39  00 

4 

17 

2345  07 

244  26 

540  50 

16  00 

10  60 

780  00 

4  00 

2 

12 

375  61 

122  36 

296  75 

49  46 

995  00 

11  00 

2 

11 

401  00 

123  34 

230  00 

10  00 

372  00 

38  00 

7 

12 

1283  68 

260  82 

674  47 

18  00 

12  00 

1505  00 

49  50 

5 

9 

483  84 

143  06 

135  33 

23  50 

13  60 

1160  00 

32  00 

2 

12 

418  75 

107  64 

318  39 

39  SO 

13  00 

7  00 

1613  00 

15  00 

5 

11 

573  37 

174  26 

608  59 

6  00 

6  00 

5660  62 

95  00 

12 

20 

1940  47 

444  82 

2700  00 

29  50 

4 

12 

6ti8  88 

169  74 

315  18 

16  00 

8  00 

2275  00 

53  00 

4 

14 

697  26 

237  82 

S57  98 

17  50 

7  60 

1635  00 

5  00 

5 

10 

464  33 

148  58 

228  42 

800  «) 

1 

8 

237  75 

46  46 

195  00 

18  00 

6  00 

2500  00 

33  00 

4 

13 

607  61 

135  24 

350  41 

35  04 

13  00 

2035  00 

7  00 

4 

11 

650  99 

143  06 

349  48 

1315  00 

15  00 

4 

10 

433  75 

178  48 

290  91 

11  50 

7  00 

31245  521     425  00 1  66 1 182 1     11601361     ,2685  941       4891411     124  30 j 


COUNTY 


1519  00 

4 

4 

fe€60  00 

9  00 

10 

12 

3710  00 

3  CO 

3 

14 

850  00 

3 

10 

775  00 

24  00 

3 

15 

10135  00 

6 

13 

2427  00 

48  «0 

8 

14 

17500  00 

390  00 

4 

14 

125t  00 

12  00 

7 

14 

1380  00 

2 

7 

1950  00 

3 

12 

1824  00 

5 

10 

2370  00 

30  00 

5 

12 

640  00 

4 

7 

1548  00 

2 

7 

"^970  00 

6 

6 

1734  00 

50 

3 

14 

1050  00 

3 

9 

11511  00 

2 

9 

488  50' 
1135  1<3 
664  00 
482  22 
563  61 
757  01 
853  97 
4484  33 
775  34 
255  62 
555  15 
680  37 
894  93 
288  OS 
400  13 
511  56 
583  75 
412  15 
342  75 


130  64 
265  88 
163  30 
130  18 
156  86 
304  06 
235  98 
465  98 
227  24 

82  34 
134  78 
174  80 
208  84 

58  42 
121  44 
180  32 
101  00 
139  84 
134  78 


269 
660 
568 
299 
301 
491 
510 
1261 
363 
212 
216 
391 
208 
121 
370 
288 
123 
256 
403 


05 

44 

6  00 

37 

150  00 

26  00 

25 

SO 

9  50 

13 

25  00 

4  00 

00 

25 

09 

46 

V 

07 

50  00 

6  50 

00 

50 

50  00 

8  00 

S4 

50-00 

7  00 

05 

50 

4  00 

12 

IS  00 

47 

58 

45  of 

90 

64  22 

23  00 

00 

13  00 

1 162  50|  76  50 


9  50 

8  00 
6  50 

9  Od 


5  60 
1  00 


4  60 
i  00 

7  50 

8  60 
1  00 


55887  00]  516  50]  83|2<i8|  15329  60|   3476  681   7305  62|  389  97| 


!170  50|  67  56 


246 


Doc. 


GRAND  TRAVEESE 


TO"WXSHIPS. 


o 

^ 

^ 

o 

^* 

o 

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o 

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O 

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3. a 


>» 

^ 


Centreville, 

Megazee,  

Peninsula, 

Traverse, 

Whitewater, 

Total, 6 


b2 

26 

4  5 

51 

29 

4.0 

141 

88 

3.2 

97 

36 

6.0 

49 

34 

3.5 

400 

213 

4.3 

37 


S135  33 

68  00 

41  68 

102  26 


$73  50 
25  00 


S  20  00 

166  43 

62  00 


HI 


54 


105 


347  27 


98  60 


248  43 


GRxiTIOT 


1 

1 
1 

168 
67 

143 

36 

5.2 
6.0 

37 
21 

138  12 

76  96 

94  80 

68  08 

Bethany,  

96  00 

Elba, 

1 

2 

1 

28 
58 

23 
42 

3.0 
4.7 

36 
36 

11  46 
60  46 

16  42 

5  00 

Smerson, 

53  67 

Fulton, 

5 
1 

2 

215 
14 

205 
18 

4.6 
3.0 

33 

53 

266  77 
20  84 

90  97 

81  37 

Hamilton, 

80  00 

Lafayette, 

3 

1 

44 

34 

3.7 

26  37 

13  00 

80  60 

Newark, 

5 

127 

99 

4.7 

44 

164  50 

16  44 

12  00 

New  Haven 

3 

1 

107 

79 

4.4 

114 

163  30 

79  85 

Nor  th  Shade,  .... 

3 

90 

57 

5.0 

88 

90  51 

North  Star....... 

6 

] 

137 

109 

3.6 

69 

166  59 

33  17 

15  OO 

Pine  River, 

3 

3 

219 

141 

4  8 

45 

138  74 

123  44 

85  00 

Seville, 

3 
4 

65 

78 

51 

67 

3.3 

4.0 

20 

97  32 
29  04 

49  67 
39  50 

19  47 

Sumner, 

53  50 

Washington, 

2 

41 

35 

3.0 

40 

22  42 

8  08 

Total, .15 

45 1 

111 

14581 

1034 1 

4.2 

33 

603 

1473  40 

477  41 

737  52 

HILLSDALE 


Adams, 

Amhoy,   

Allen,   

Cambria,  . . , 
Camden,  — 
Fayette,  — 
Hillsdale,  ... 
Jefferson,  ... 
Litchfield,  ., 
Moscow,  — 
Pittsford,  .. 
Ransom,  — 
Reading,  — 

Scipio,  

Somerset, . . 
Wheatland, 
Woodbridge, 
Wright, 


8 

o 

583 

500 

7.7 

356 

8 

1 

319 

287 

5.3 

364 

8 

1 

519 

472 

8.0 

150 

9 

3 

497 

600 

7.0 

175 

n 

2 

613 

572 

6.9 

214 

1 

3 

491 

317 

8.4 

413 

3 

g 

898 

573 

6.7 

170 

8 

9 

596 

541 

7.2 

96 

5 

4 

572 

580 

8.0 

617 

4 

o 

494 

424 

8.3 

25 

11 

557 

488 

7.7 

386 

7 

394 

335 

7.3 

219 

10 

8 

631 

537 

7.3 

180 

8 

2 

417 

372 

7.0 

298 

6 

2 

404 

353 

7.1 

360 

9 

2 

529 

456 

7.3 

487 

7 

1 

285 

258 

5.7 

421 

8 

1 

428 

419 

6.4 

264 

1131 

34 

^92271 

7984 1 

7.2 

785 

4500 

871  21 
421  41 
898  21 
775  37 
748  24 
987  34 

..706  02 
593  87 
859  32 
736  02 
857  55 
463  83 

..156  09 
606  14 
601  85 
966  28 
397  49 
739  11 


166  69 

47  22 

152  19 

211  18 

123  28 

.040  10 

285  48 

274  14 

457  08 

25  10 

136  71 

52  73 

325  14 

166  95 

251  16 

178  14 

63  88 

41  48 


604  46 
473  14 

472  88. 
1.053  84 

63  87 
342  1& 
1.142  OO 
335  77 
271  1& 
309  04 
578  OO 

52  60 
329  49 
387  31 
299  26 
109  72 

72  87 
126  31 


Xoial, 181  131 


Copper  Harbor... 
Eagle  Harbor,... 

Hougton, 

L'Anse, 

Portage,  


)|     4198  65      6923  76 

HOUGHTON 


1 

45 

31 

8.0 

2 

201 

88 

7.9 

o 

357 

147 

9.0 

1 

121 

27 

7.0 

24 

3 

613 

304 

5.7 

166 

222  27 
687  82 
883  14 
1^  74 
500  00 


787  82 

760  64 

75  OO 

3500  00 


Total, . 


13371       597 1  7. 3 1       166 1        24|     2450  97 1 


6123  4& 


No. 


24t 


COUNTY. 


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61  52 

30  00 

300  00 

1 

135  SS 

32  66 

S6G  47 

25  00 

15  CO 

5  00 

3 

8 

135  50 

49  e.8 

18  72 

750  00 

o 

150  00 

41  86 

167  37 

10  01 

100  CO 

o 

88  01 

97  89 

1345  00 

5  00 

3 

9 

665  34 

124  20 

712  05 

65  01 

COUNTY. 


750  00 

s 

S 

284  78 

62  10 

119  60 

59  00 

6  00 

3  50 

425  00 

1 

1 

108  00 

39  10 

79  00 

6  50 

50 

75  Of 

2 

36  00 

11  60 

19  00 

8  00 

115  00 

3 

82  91 

19  78 

89  00 

7  50 

2  00 

555  00 

4 

6 

358  44 

83  26 

179  97 

9  00 

3  00 

120  00 

1 

13  or; 

3  6S 

93  75 

25  00 

4  00 

175  00 

3 

71  25 

15  18 

97  51 

25  GO 

5  00 

311  OP 

2 

5 

174  07 

48  30 

124  37 

13  00 

274  00 

£ 

3 

199  75 

►    46  92 

108  82 

10  50 

2  00 

110  00 

5  00 

1 

i 

96  50 

22  08 

138  00 

12  00 

3  00 

435  00 

1 

7 

193  00 

55  66 

135  07 

15  00 

8  00 

935  OG 

5  00 

5 

5 

271  28 

72  68 

148  40 

74  20 

150  00 

3 

78  47 

7  36 

79  97 

50  00 

4  50 

325  00 

5 

123  50 

29  90 

80  00 

20  00 

2  00 

113  00 

1  00 

2 

22  54 

86  61 

7  00 

4868  00 

11  00 

22 

49 

2050  95 

540  04 

1579  07 

253  80 

118  00 

22  00 

COUNTY 


2355  00 

4  0(' 

11 

10 

997  77 

265  88 

609  40 

17  50 

2252  CO 

11  CO 

3 

IS 

41 :  6£ 

132  48 

264  40 

9  95 

14  50 

2016  OC 

41  00 

10 

9 

1083  30 

211  60 

625  34 

15  60 

33  00 

3748  OC 

66  00 

10 

18 

1052  96 

234  14 

5-13  58 

17  55 

20  CO 

2670  OC 

51  60 

0 

16 

878  32 

264  38 

478  98 

20  00 

18  50 

1725  00 

'  c 

11 

1782  20 

286  80 

866  11 

100  00 

19  95 

7515  00 

61  CO 

5 

14 

1933  69 

375  36 

1262  70 

20  00 

15  00 

1315  00 

50  00 

7 

14 

881  33 

264  96 

211  OC 

25  00 

3830  00 

52  00 

7 

14 

1179  11 

262  66 

600  CO 

19  98 

12  00 

1505  00 

83  OG 

8 

8 

713  26 

218  04 

649  9S 

16  41 

2185  00 

57  00 

5 

17 

987  08 

264  96 

592  30 

2035  00 

7 

~ 

687  S7 

182  16 

3041  00 

63  00 

12 

11 

1316  32 

265  88 

2777  OG 

5  00 

6 

15 

792  84 

J  76  64 

483  91 

13  39 

2900  00 

20  00 

5 

10 

835  00 

184  46 

366  32 

14  00 

20  60 

1225  00 

50  00 

0 

14 

1132  65 

249  32 

700  OS 

15  84 

;  £0  00 

1145  00 

17  00 

o 

13 

452  26 

U7  76 

305  00 

30  00 

16  50 

2225  OC 

34  00 

9 

11 

732  75 

'   185  38 

654  97 

13  98 

20  OC 

15  00 
4  50 

16  50 
9  00 

13  50 

10  om 

17  OQi 
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7  005 


11  50' 

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8  50 


46464  001     615  50|  1311 225 1     17649  82]       4112  86|       9192  07]     130  00]  196  65] 212  50 j  121  OO 

COUNTY. 


1000  00 
500  GO 

75  00 
1700  00 


20  00 


200  00! 
530  00 
660  00 1 
156  00] 
670  00 


29  90 
51  06 

123  74 

54  74 

138  46 


194  49 

26  77 

687  82 

770  64 

103  00 

49  00 

4075  00|       20  OOj  llj     2]       2396  00|         397  90]       1745  95) 


75  77 1 


248 


Doc 


HURON 


TOWNSHIPS. 


o 

• 

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Dwight,  ..  . 
Huron,..,.  . 

Rubicon, 

Sand  Beach, 


Total, 


1 

8'.) 

60 

6.0 

1-20 

3 

137 

61 

4.> 

6o 

X 

56 

29 

4.0 

21 

] 

46 

33 

3.0 

12 

7 

319 

180 

4.1 

21 

195 

1-3     OJ 

JU5  9b 
50  00 


Alaisdon, 

Aurelius, 

Bunkerhill, 

Delhi, 

Ingham, 

Lansing, 

"      (City,).. 

Leroy, 

Leslie, 

Locke, 

Meridian, 

Onondaga 

Stockhridge, 

Vevay, 

Wheatfield, 

White  Oak, 

Williamstown,... 


7 

2 

342 

316 

7.0 

2U. 

6 

3 

42^ 

39S 

6.3 

1S7 

4 

s 

264 

23S 

6.7 

29o 

6 

2 

396 

316 

6.8 

270 

4 

4 

447 

3S5 

7.2 

188 

4 

1 

129 

89 

4.7 

118 

3 

947 

770 

10.0 

6 

2 

250 

246 

6.0 

9 

1 

474 

421 

6.6 

S13 

5 

3 

453 

426 

6.8 

336 

6 

1 

304 

288 

5.7 

276 

8 

1 

386 

380 

6.7 

500 

7 

1 

352 

297 

6.4 

260 

4 

4 

525 

543 

7.1 

144 

4 

4 

167 

166 

7  3 

]75 

6 

2 

280 

249 

6.3 

217 

6 

2 

250 

256 

6.5 

300 

285  98 


476  17 
5.52  o. 
379  04 
615  31 
601  62 
375  23 
1334  00 
382  46 
599  36 
415  65 
364  45 
559  06 
494  72 
752  77 
258  35 
321  22 
431  50 


81  25 
5»  of' 

500  00 

440  76 
63  87 

.35  75 

1U')4  03 

INGHaM 


6;i 

37 

75 

55 

115 

14 

9 

50 

114  47 

10  50 

15 

91 

209 

85 

84 

36 

70 

27 

184  42 i 

205 

24 

236 

98 

25 

74 

213 

V. 

71 

9r 

106  00 

111  71 
50  09 
37  91 

112  90 
137  35 

1878  00 
ll-l  10 

99  12 
ILO  55 
700  69 
195  05 
187  40 
410  45 

10  00 
136  44 
114  25 


Total, 17|     921     351     6394J     578416.71     11131     26801     8913  28]     1707  24]     4520  92 

IONIA 


Berlin 

Boston ,  

Campbell, 

Danby, 

Easton,  

Ionia, 

Keene, 

Lyons, 

North  Plains,. 

Odessa, 

Orange, 

Orleans, 

Otisco, 

Portland, 

Ronald, 

Sebewa, 


5 

230 

209 

5.8 

5! 

6 

2 

434 

418 

7.2 

148 

5 

143 

100 

6.5 

140 

6 

1 

274 

189 

5.4 

242 

5 

266 

253 

7.2 

360 

6 

3 

660 

549 

H  6 

256 

6 

2 

460 

362 

7.2 

28 

8 

2 

737 

633 

7.0 

175 

7 

2 

338 

352 

6.4 

241 

5 

161 

12y 

5.0 

220 

6 

S 

414 

364 

5.7 

418 

6 

1 

S30 

270 

6.0 

323 

8 

1 

567 

450 

7.1 

12*"^ 

5 

4 

510 

507 

6  5 

153 

8 

1 

313 

357 

7.0 

299 

3 

3 

226 

145 

6.0 

49 

268 

89 

616 

68 

258 

9-; 

285 

85 

298 

20 

149 

61 

491  32 1 

755 

18 

.523  45 1 

205 

71 

428 

38 

368 

59 

731 

se 

65-2 

31 

445 

79 

268 

3P 

30  92 

155  12 

6  43 

37  04 

50  72 

256  74 

172  -28 

368  71 

231  40 

39  07 

96  2- 

46  41 

229  4' 

440  fi7 

179  89 

19  24 


69  45 

377  48 

106  25 

99  17 

81  68 

63  50 

10  00 

924  29 

63  00 

2  73 

28  00 

184  98 

100  00 

976  76 

259  14 

201  00 


Total, 16|     941     25|     6063|     5281]  6. 4|     2134]     1098]     7745  98]     2360  36]     3547  43 


ISABELLA 


Chippewa, 
Coe, 

Isabella.  . 


2 

50 

39 

5.0 

IS 

2 

S 

103 

76 

4.8 

20 

2 

41 

36 

3.8 

75  9-: 

255  0!^ 


15  50 

4S  50 

19  51 


149  .50 

209  00 
22  00 


Total,   3]      6]      3| 


1941 


151]  4.5] 


331 


330  981 


81  51        383  60 


No.  1. 


249 


COUNTY 


TJ 

o 
o 

S 

be 

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o 

S^ 

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^ 

^ 

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15 

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a 

y 

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« 

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r.-*. 

0- 

f^ 

$800  00 

$40  00 

1 

$180  oe 

$i9  10 

$32  1-i 

1150  00 

1  60 

s 

188  26 

35  42 

115  34 

$15  0<J 

$1  5 

$;  n.'- 

s-  00 

50  00 

2 

92  00 

63  87 

300  00 

1 

65  00 

51  52 

'^T^J 

4    DU 

2300  00 

41  60 

7 

425  2C 

126  \i4r 

211  .-;3 

6  00 

2  03 

COUNTY 


2025  00 

16  00 

£• 

It 

553  44 

145  8r 

310  -^1 

1  iv; 

28  00 

10  50 

1322  00 

43  00 

8 

9 

593  40 

218  04 

254  98 

S  9T 

15  0' 

5  :5 

1995  00 

14  00 

c. 

10 

479  98 

112  24 

3  & 

11  0( 

:')  50 

1625  0( 

4  00 

4 

c 

553  25 

1-7  4-! 

395  <>' 

4  61 

11  0' 

15  00 

1350  00 

77  00 

e 

12 

674  6: 

188  14 

40-.  2-' 

5  1': 

M  !  - 

5  50 

563  00 

8  00 

] 

5 

134  00 

85  42 

viO  0 

.-  , 

4  50 

10900  00 

125  00 

o 

0 

2421  00 

413  0? 

925  H 

11  2 

1900  00 

] 

U 

435  25 

124  20 

2  '■'!   • 

3  -1 

3711  00 

3  CO 

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823  SI 

230  00 

-loi";  :■ 

25  00 

6  <:' 

--  0( 

5  00 

2000  00 

12  00 

s 

12 

5-;8  2: 

178  94 

2-1  J  53 

4  0 

io  00 

8  00 

1248  00 

15  0- 

4 

7 

570  a 

147  2< 

29.  ;-0 

4  i; 

2  00 

2205  00 

- 

10 

780  IT 

1S4  0' 

393  00 

5  i. 

17  00 

10  00 

2000  00 

IS  Oi; 

4 

11 

632  50 

157  T.^ 

348  30 

4  ai. 

3  00 

2370  00 

55  00 

6 

12 

891  41 

228  ]i 

400  00 

10  OU 

14  00 

475  00 

1 

7 

297  36 

80  04 

258  08 

2  22 

1640  00 

15  00 

7 

8 

549  45 

132  48 

259  84 

3  66 

901  50 

16  50 

3 

7 

408  00 

99  36 

270  00 

2  74 

5  00 

38230  60 

421  50 

72 

169 

11335  89 

■_842  34 

6513  09 

1   25  00 

73  87 

150  00 

88  2» 

COUNTY. 


1650  00 

14  50 

4 

5 

353  60 

119  60 

458  70 

13  00 

5s00 

4655  00 

17  Oi 

5 

14 

930  5& 

188  14 

30  60 

8  00 

500  00 

2 

8 

236  50 

60  72 

206  69 

2  50 

487  00 

4  00 

1 

10 

351  18 

117  30 

238  00 

18  00 

8  GO 

1800  00 

17  00 

5 

5 

554  75 

143  06 

391  00 

12  25 

4  50 

J32o  00 

6  00 

•; 

1^ 

1326  88 

310  90 

873  68 

2  50 

1435  00 

3  00 

( 

9 

606  94 

208  3^ 

2 '2  94 

4  50 

3  50 

5226  00 

4  00 

0 

13 

1272  82 

317  4 

438  70 

16  00 

7  00 

3495  0( 

6 

13 

768  13 

162  S'- 

403  00 

17  00 

12  00 

760  00 

1 

8 

228  75 

66  71- 

180  75 

15  00 

1  00 

1485  00 

8 

8 

336  14 

195  04 

371  7S 

9  00 

2  00 

1415  00 

4  50 

4 

f 

436  13 

136  6' 

13  50 

5  00 

2926  00 

90  00 

6 

It 

1164  42 

281  98 

603  45 

20  00 

3800  00 

20  00 

4 

1" 

1093  90 

207  00 

652  03 

1870  00 

6  00 

6 

12 

76H  25 

160  08 

410  26 

17  60 

7  00 

1250  00 

4 

5 

460  19 

93  38 

176  0) 

1  50 

35077  00|     185  00|  79|161|     10787  15|       2768  74]       5596  02| 

COUNTY. 


1 186  S9|    69  60 


165  00 

12  00 

S 

57  60 

58  26 

1  00 

537  00 

6 

150  25 

22  64 

102  43 

5  00 

2  CO 

254  00 

2 

64  75 

5  06 

737  52 

3  00 

956  00 1 


00 


111 


■a12  501 


27  60 1 


898  211 


9  OOI 


00 


32 


250 


Doc. 


JACKSON 


3 

a 

0 

0 

-Ji 

J 

g 

;-, 

^ 

_j 

A 

at 

. 

*s 

CG 

ts-j 

^ 

rt 

i 

o  © 
C  00 

o 
o 

CO 

o 

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S 
CO 

a  .Si 

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.3  " 

0 

.>2 

TOWNSHIPS. 

o 

I 

CO 

O 

1^ 

a 

o 

1 

^1 

2;  .a 
0 

0-2 

Cm    S< 

>  j=i 

c-i  •-; 

la 

s 

a 

m 

bjO 

0 

,2 
o 

O 

o 

a 

3 

,0 

a 

s 

0 

a 

a 

^ 

^ 

fe 

< 

Iz; 

Iz; 

^ 

< 

< 

Blackmail, 

7 

o 

374 

370 

6.4 

84 

S  658  62 

$106  71 

S  227  97 

Brooklyn 

6 

3 

439 

343 

6.0 

338 

805  48 

216  32 

633  27 

Columbia, 

6 

248 

229 

6.7 

188 

438  (.8 

43  24 

324  23 

Concord, 

5 

3 

350 

354 

7.0 

287 

642  OS 

264  89 

24  23 

Grass  Lake, 

9 

o 

627 

545 

7  7 

264 

1359  27 

364  48 

501  07 

Hanover, 

6 

1 

327 

314 

7.2 

409 

560  92 

138  30 

62  00 

Henrietta, 

6 

258 

225 

7.3 

271 

331  91 

134  89 

31  87 

Jackson,  City,.. . 

2 

1258 

1006 

10.5 

375 

3189  85 

3978  45 

Leoni, 

9 

6 

1 

2 

529 
349 

443 
374 

7.2 
7  1 

171 

954  22 
456  72 

34  57 
203  10 

113  49 

Liberty, 

71  25 

Napoleon, . 

4 

1 

238 

238 

6.4 

230 

414  64 

118  48 

335  31 

Parma, 

6 
6 
6 
4 

3 
1 

S 
3 

658 
371 
423 
335 

602 
374 
379 
316 

7.2 
7.0 
g.8 
8.3 

85 
409 
188 

1098  85 
583  64 
475  79 
513  14 

2Q1  65 
188  51 
112  98 
200  27 

453  81 

Polaski, 

541  06 

Eives, 

425  96 

Sandstone, 

211  90 

Spring  Arbor, 

6 

270 

190 

8.6 

179 

463  48 

33  62 

25  09 

Springport, 

6 

3 

382 

377 

6.8 

528  07 

253  84 

150  03 

Summit, 

6 

3 

292 

305 

7.1 

62 

560  08 

117  29 

167  50 

Tompkins, 

7 

2 

321 

315 

6.1 

313 

561  42 

133  18 

105  75 

Waterloo, 

6 

4 

616 

581 

6.7 

344 

860  26 

44  09 

86  19 

Total, 20 

1161 

40 

86651 

7880 1 

7.1 

4196 

15451  32 

3000  41 

8470  37 

KALAMAZOO 


Alamo, 

Brady, 

Charleston, 

Climax, 

Comsfock, 

Cooper, 

Kalamazoo, 

Oshtemo, 

Pavilion, 

Portage, 

Prairie  Ronde... . 

Richland, 

Ross,  

Schoolcraft, 

Texas,  

Wakeshma, 

Total, 16 


5 

2 

273 

242 

6.3 

325 

4 

2 

403 

370 

7.2 

284 

7 

316 

269 

7.3 

253 

7 

2 

448 

363 

6.8 

315 

8 

3 

730 

732 

7.4 

184 

6 

1 

406 

308 

7.2 

287 

3 

6 

2036 

1689 

7.2 

191 

6 

4 

456 

444 

6.6 

362 

6 

1 

316 

160 

6.3 

31 

8 

1 

303 

329 

6.4 

151 

7 

350 

308 

6.9 

265 

8 

1 

473 

345 

7.3 

357 

6 

4 

576 

496 

7.0 

190 

6 

4:^7 

379 

8.4 

100 

4 

0 

283 

242 

6.1 

96 

4 

1 

204 

181 

7.0 

412 

95 

31 

8010 

6857 

6.6 

325 

3478, 

381  47 
461  29 
616  17 
508  92 

1152  19 
655  53 

3139  46 
693  31 
445  78 
538  03 
728  58 
797  62 
666  47 
995  97 
383  93 
220  86 


12392  58 


227  76 
£02  05 

46  27 
127  82 
439  14 
234  78 

99  56 
147  52 
127  60 
241  71 
198  63 
107  65 
146  82 
253  46 
172  11 


170  6* 

331  0" 

241  l3 

97  00 

1044  40 

134  15 

10025  12 

260  50 

368  00 

146  93 

149  85 

128  27 

428  06 

312  66 

80  90 

48  00 


2772  8SI  13966  5S 


No.  1. 


251 


COUNTY. 


•Si-j 


-^  xn 


CO 

m 

o 

u 

o 

^ 

c3 

o 

o 

C3 

H 

H 

« 

o 

c3 

S 

05 

© 

ci 

« 

p 

o" 

cr 

o 

o 

:?; 

fe 

K 


Si 
9  rt 


f-l 

.2 

o 

A 

u 

o 

o 

•a 

to 
o 

a  M 

o 

I—I  i*^ 

i;^ 

=3 

Ti 

Id 

> 

o 

o 
o 

n 

o 

rt 

P4 

Ph 

-2^ 


$  1975  O'J 
3830  00 
1971  00 
2500  00 
3250  00 
1910  00 
1035  00 
25500  00 
2605  47 
1260  GO 
1725  00 
4575  00 
1244  50 
2125  00 
2a00  00 
1575  00 
3100  00 
2000  00 
2310  00 
2640  00 


%  bO  uu 

5  00 

14  00 

6  00 

5f0  00 

67  OC 

3  00 
46  00 

38  00 
31  00 
5  00 
30  00 
20  00 
25  50 
19  00 


11 

8 

4 

11 

6 

6 

8 

7 

8 

20 

5 

10 

0 

10 

3 

18 

7 

11 

7 

10 

5 

4 

8 

14 

6 

6 

8 

9 

5 

10 

5 

7 

8 

10 

7 

12 

5 

12 

9 

18 

128 

207 

$  74(3 

50 

806 

39 

609  12 1 

901 

75 

1475 

14 

680  col 

435 

19 

4548 

38 

904  50 

746  62 

516 

50 

1204 

51 

735 

75 

694 

29 

721 

02 

486  38 1 

852 

76 

667 

70 

655 

36 

870  61| 

19158  43| 

$i4Z  bO 
155  02 
125  58 
160  08 
276  4c 
150  4: 
76  02 
565  80 
239  66 
168  82 
106  72 
337  98 
166  9S 
192  28 
147  20 

120  oe 

179  40 
147  66 
150  88 

288  8 


$  629  43 
092  91 
328  66 
643  84 
980  53 
422  00 
255  89 
2624  05 
551  31 
352  12 
333  56 
755  87 
455  29 
000  00 
899  37 
500  00 
441  24 
813  41 
400  00 
5  20  09 


S  69  29 
100  00 


j24  OC 

$18  00 

41  00 

20  00 

10  00 

5  50 

6  00 

40  OC 

24  00 

15  OC 

5  CO 

13  50 

7  50 

BOO 

10  00 

10  00 

6  00 

4  00 

12  OC 

10  00 

20  00 

6  00 

6  00 

6  00 

15  00 

16  50 

7  00 

5  00. 

22  00 

9  00 

649S0  97 


3898  501  1^199  54   169  29 


COUNTY. 


1650  00 
1500  00 
1385  00 
1355  00 
3437  25 
2745  00 
26325  00 
2665  00 
800  00 
1825  00 
1925  00 
1510  00 
2030  00 
4000  60 
1750  00 
1200  00 


24  00 

4 

( 

9  00 

6 

7 

19  00 

3 

13 

5  00 

6 

12 

40  50 

10 

17 

10  CO 

6 

9 

147  00 

7 

25 

28  00 

7 

14 

4 

10 

7 

11 

20  GO 

7 

6 

33  00 

7 

13 

8  00 

5 

16 

45  00 

8 

7 

4 

f 

2 

9 

388  00 

93 

185 

599  60 
606  53 

812  42 

1736  57 

852  71 

4129  85 

830  72 

583  40 

768  47 

875  00 

754  14 

801  67 

1189  44 

534  96 

364  35 

116  38 
162  84 
144  44 
208  38 
300  84 
170  10 
875  38 
198  26 
136  62 

153  18 

154  56 
187  22 
206  08 
201  9J 
114  08 

89  7C 


265  09 
287  46 
568  74 
460  37 
851  39 
518  40 
2000  00 
518  34 
315  62 
S85  05 
620-65 
606  64 
176  28 
933  39 
365  16 
147  63 


84  29 


259  00 


93  39 


241  00 


17  00 

20  00 

12  00 

6  00 

20  00 

5  00 

25  00 

14  00 

22  OC 

15  00 

24  00 

8  00 

10  50 

34  00 

212  50 

149  00 


8  50 
8  00 


8  00 
7  00 


10  50 


3  09 


3  75 

48  75 


56112  251 


15289  63 j   3427  00 |   9620  60   427  68 


262 


Doc. 


KENT 


TOWNSHIPS. 


3 
% 

2 

1* 
"S  oo 

o 
o 

o 

OQ 

•a 
a> 

EC 

_2 

as 

•a 

CO 

[C 

0^  rf 

3  fc< 

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2rH 

O  "*^ 

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o 

ft 

a 

S 

t,  M 

tH 

o 

M 

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d 

^ 

c3 

a 

.a 

a 

^ 

O 

O 

> 

3 

3 

f=H 

55 

Z 

<! 

z 

•z 

sa 


Ada, 

Algoma, 

Alpine, 

Bowne, 

Byron, 

Caledonia, 

Cannon,   

Cascade , 

Courtland, 

Gaines,.,, 

Grand  Rapids,.. . 
"       (City,) 

Gratton,  

Lowell, 

Nelson , 

Oakfleld, 

Paris, 

Plainfield, 

Solon, 

Sparta, 

Tyrone , 

Vergenaes, 

Walker, 

"Wyoming, 


7 

1 

363 

34-/ 

7.1 

9 

2 

309 

271 

5.8 

186 

6 

7 

574 

499 

7.6 

227 

7 

259 

185 

5.4 

284 

6 

1 

341 

225 

6.4 

421 

7 

281 

204 

6.1 

5 

4 

434 

396 

7.3 

301 

7 

2 

330 

311 

6.5 

398 

8 

306 

187 

6.6 

7 

33a 

284 

6.4 

255 

8 

334 

305 

7.5 

316 

1 

2 

2362 

1693 

10.0 

650 

4 

2 

342 

270 

7.1 

375 

6 

2 

370 

318 

6.2 

145 

4 

1 

148 

122 

6.3 

140 

8 

3 

459 

397 

6.3 

151 

8 

1 

427 

352 

7.5 

455 

e 

8 

419 

393 

7.2 

151 

2 

2 

106 

55 

5.2 

112 

6 

1 

258 

216 

5.2 

195 

1 

9 

73 

58 

9.0 

100 

7 

3 

546 

443 

7.7 

8 

1 

471 

384 

6.4 

51-2 

6 

2 

440 

374 

7.5 

252 

5  423  48 
396  88 
873  77 
300  92 
342  62 
160  15 
551  30 
646  76 
340  71 
342  17 
636  65 
6640  27 
410  01 
679  38 
137  96 
586  76 
641  73 
653  83 
90  91 
304  58 
178  00 
565  13 
719  2© 
575  31 


272 

02 

32 

76 

168 

44 

52 

71 

65 

56 

14 

19 

157 

55 

58 

73 

129 

80 

29 

91 

93  21 

70  99 

57  19 

68 

29 

21 

84 

202 

73 

25 

52 

3 

71 

134  69 i 

32 

00 

192  68 i 

68 

92 

122 

98 

$  353  54 
445  14 

202  76 
65  50 

1.36  70 
181  00 
1«2  18 

89  00 
675  50 

62  71 

677  50 

12163  36 

103  94 

872  02 

203  26 
119  07 
310  40 
205  25 
368  10 
197  29 

13  00 
108  40 
313  72 
463  78 


Total, 24|  136|     42|  10281J     8284|  6.8|     35521     20731  17097  74]     2086  42 1  18433  19 


A.lmont, 

Allison, 

Arcadia, 

Attica, 

Burlington, 

Deerfield, 

Dryden,  

Elba, 

Goodland, 

Hadley, 

Imlay, 

Lapeer,  

Marathon, 

Metamora,  .. . . , 

Oregon, 

North  Branch,.. 
Rich, , 


5 

6 

782 

617 

6.1 

377 

3 

70 

68 

4.0 

1 

0 

124 

96 

5.4 

48 

4 

1 

240 

189 

6.8 

201 

3 

147 

87 

5.2 

120 

8 

4 

667 

422 

6,7 

62 

5 

3 

277 

253 

6  8 

272 

5 

1 

210 

149 

4.4 

112 

6 

1 

432 

381 

7,4 

137 

3 

223 

147 

7,0 

206 

9 

6 

1072 

929 

6.3 

469 

4 

1 

217 

160 

7,1 

137 

7 

1 

347 

284 

6,3 

2 

J 

158 

88 

5.0 

200 

2 

1 

109 

94 

5.7 

60 

1 

16 

24 

4.0 

941  34 

93  08 

152  06 

285  57 

67  27 

568  28 
319  67 
172  12 
563  88 
203  38 
1336  05 
297  85 
500  00 
139  80 
189  00 
20  50 


LAPEER 

352  00 


197  57 

33  79 

9  25 

108  00 

50  51 

79  72 

177  95 

90  00 

371  04 

814  JS 

133  73 

15  00 

8  00 

5  00 


204  48] 

14 

60 

46 

06 

35 

65 

88  43 

72 

70 

32 

39 

166  90 

232  43 

88 

27 

11 

75 

12 

00 

Total, 17|     681     28|     50931     397816.61       66»i     17321     5849  731     1005  75 1     1945  69 


GlenArbor, |       2\         \        56|  I  4.0|        47| 

Leelanaw, |       2]         \       194|       13l|  8.5|       135| 

Total, 2|      4|         I       250|       131]  6.3|       1821 


LEELANAW 

I       100  001 

250  00 


100  00 I       250  00 


No.  1. 


258 


COUNTY. 


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108  10 

200  40 

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234  34 

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201  02 

424  82 

24  25 

3  50 

1125  00 

40  00 

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711  62 

140  30 

406  46 

12  00 

8  00 

1262  00 

20  00 

6 

10 

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15  50 

8  00 

1245  00 

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126  50 

320  8P 

14  06 

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10 

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404  38 

19000  00 

230  OG 

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980  72 

5639  46 

26  00 

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7 

530  25 

153  64 

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6  50 

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1610  00 

10  00 

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721  13 

162  84 

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1  00 

502  00 

4 

8 

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67  16 

96  50 

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3  00 

1815  00 

5 

17 

703  15 

183  08 

383  38 

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4  00 

2205  00 

16  00 

6 

11 

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190  90 

556  82 

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13  00 

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21  50 

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13 

812  37 

184  00 

447  92 

260  00 

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108  10 

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28  98 

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11  00 

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20  00 

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221  26 

488  50 

52077  50|     533  75|108|249|     22593  83|       4412  32|     11898  44|       81  00)121  151226  76|    86  00 


COUNTY. 


2810  00 
150  00 
460  00 
655  00 
250  00 

860  25 
770  25 
565  00 

1305  00 
450  00 

1480  29 
975  00 

600  60 

215  00 

80  09 


8 

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5  00 

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6  00 

4 

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6  50 

1 

4 

1  36 

1 

3 

6  25 

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8 

10  00 

e 

9 

10  00 

1 

5 

14  88 

11 

19 

5 

3 

5 

10 

50  00 

1 

5 

1 

4 

1106  54 

82  75 
185  00 
392  88 
105  c8 


418  5r 
192  90 
655  25 
2S2  75 
1479  21 
371  00 
555  75 
116  07 
135  00 
18  75 


374  441 

31 

28 

44  16 

115  46 

42  32 

9 

66 

302 

22 

112 

70 

76 

82 

190  44 1 

81 

88 

475  181 

91 

54 

156  40t 

69 

00 

48 

76 

595  22 
115  52 
140  43 
296  17 
62  56 

216  78 

124  14 

472  83 
168  46 
774  44 
206  31 
400  00 
127  32 
119  20 


34  60 

25  00 

7  00 

7  00 

10  00 

5  00 

14  00 
13  00 

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18  00 

8  00 

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10  50 

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4  50 
8  00 

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4  00 
4  00 
2  00 


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1 145  60 1    68  50 


COUNTY. 


20  001 
530  00 


550  001 


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35  001 
35  001 


1     01 


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254 


Doc. 


LENAWEE 


TOWNSHIPS. 


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•IS 


Adrian, 

"      (City,). 

Blissfleld, 

Cambridge,..., 

Dover, 

Fairfield, , 

Franklin, , 

Hudson, , 

Macon,   , 

Madison, 

Medina, 

Ogden,  

Palmyra, , 

Raisin, 

Ridgway,  . 

Riga,  

Rollin, , 

Rome, 

Seneca, 

Tecumseb , 

Woodstock,.. . 


8 

.  6 

571 

549 

7.6 

1 

2247 

997 

10.0 

7 

5 

755 

593 

7.0 

5 

2 

373 

334 

7.5 

600 

f 

4 

553 

551 

6.7 

9 

3 

553 

500 

6.6 

500 

8 

2 

.519 

458 

7.5 

11 

893 

723 

7.1 

8 

1 

552 

465 

7.6 

5 

fj 

357 

294 

6.8 

624 

Q 

4 

779 

671 

6.6 

7 

2 

384 

370 

6.6 

554 

9 

o 

591 

521 

6.0 

600 

7 

5 

603 

57r< 

7.7 

4 

9 

329 

181 

7.8 

615 

4 

1 

215 

159 

5.4 

650 

5 

3 

536 

498 

7.2 

9 

1 

555 

444 

8.4 

6 

4 

617 

619 

7.3 

8 

1 

1051 

1112 

8.7 

7 

1 

350 

314 

6.8 

564 
574 

528 

321 

698 

58 

253 

786 


376 


409 
344 
377 
808 
355 


$L555  36 

3924  29 

974  50 

661  74 

1121  63 

990  72 

1059  74 

1035  85 

956  15 

965  49 

1326  56 

690  29 

858  57 

1263  95 

590  08 

196  29 

971  76 

1249  93 

1071  04 

2447  87 

619  60 


$  127  13 

297  67 

41  50 

55  94 

236  51 

169  fiS 

293  90 

72  51 

19  50 

17  78 

71  76 

287  61 

98  22 

28  42 

29  35 
95  79 

282  72 

1173  00 

158  92 


I  k29  38 

7600  00 

£50  84 

517  58 

46  38 

89  97 

419  44 

2507  18 
177  00 
128  08 
95  75 
182-39 
194  20 
530  25 
526  90 
186  00 

1096  35 
121  30 
312  85 

5482  29 
150  50 


Total, 21|  143|  51|  13383]  1G421|  7.3|  4143|  6977|  24527  47|  3565  46|  21043  61 


LIVINGSTON 


Brigliton,  . . 
Cohoctah,  .. 
Conway,  . . . 
Deerfleld,  .. 

Genoa, 

Green  Oak,. 
Hamburg,.. 
Handy,  . . . . 
Hartland,  . . 

Howell, 

Iosco, 

Marion,  . ... 

Oscsolo, 

Putnam,  .*. . 

Tyrone,  

Unadilla,... 


5 

2 

413 

361 

7.4 

597 

6 

3 

383 

297 

4.9 

134 

3 

4 

301 

324 

5  6 

334 

8 

1 

400 

366 

6.0 

134 

5 

4 

345 

336 

6.4 

515 

6 

2 

345 

329 

6.7 

489 

4 

3 

317 

.306 

6.4 

316 

8 

339 

274 

6.6 

5 

0 

392 

3!5 

7  7 

60 

i 

2 

668 

535 

7.3 

266 

5 

214 

246 

7.0 

333 

5 

5 

485 

384 

6.7 

440 

6 

2 

354 

332 

7.0 

207 

6 

2 

451 

473 

7.5 

90 

7 

1 

371 

.395 

8.1 

165 

T 

2 

425 

389 

5.5 

39  ;^ 

93 

1  33 

1  6203 

1  5862 

1  6.6 

1  1601 

1  2878 

505  70 
443  77 
415  57 
579  60 
549  36 
531  99 
225  60 
283  25 
559  88 
857  52 
347  73 
691  98 
517  20 
628  80 
555  22 
626  94 


140 

73 

106 

77 

58 

28 

147 

08 

132  92 

299  04 

169 

83 

118 

10 

76  371 

252 

35 

7'8 

27 

179  89| 

171 

59 

178 

34 

202 

22 

258 

38 

147  36 
128  60 

39  80 

43  00 
103  50 

53  00 
271  00 

83  23 
114  59 
327  78 

50  58 

95  23 
107  75 
223  97 

77  19 
156  0  0 


Total, 16 


8680  151  2420  071  2012  58 


MACKINAW 


Holmes, 

2 
1 
1 

250 

20 
203 

213 

18 
45 

5.0 
4.0 
4  0 

4061 

444  64 
105  44 

140  00 

312  92 

Moran ,  

12  67 

St.  Ignace, 

90  00 

Total, 3 

4 

1   473 

276 

4.3 

406  j 

550  08 

140  00 

415  59 

No. 


255 


COUNTY. 


K 


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$  2326  GU 
30000  CO 
4097  00 
2425  G(.. 
2756  OC 
2800  00 
3049  00 
5140  00 
1780  00 
2100  0- 
2705  00 

990  00 
2955  OC 
4250  00 
1925  00 
1150  OC 
4047  50 

800  50 

4101  00 

30345  00 

1240  00 


1  50 
150  00 

19  00 
10  Ou 
15  00 

1  00 
15  00 

2  OV 

20  Oc 
30  00 
55  50 

7  00 

1  00 

40  00 


15  OC 

34  00 

IS  00 

165  00 


9 

17 

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13 

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22 

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10 

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12 

12 

7 

13 

10 

16 

e 

11 

e 

1 

8 

18 

6 

12 

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8 

17 

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6 

16 

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10 

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$1510  67 

5719  36 

1280  ?5 

680  7: 

1084  72 

IISO  40 

1150  85 

1458  & 

9'  4  75 

784  85 

1146  81 

721  50 

1133  89 

1254  38 

571  2£ 

295  iO 

898  56 

1175  02 

1320  58 

4514  25 

703  26 


$266  o4 
927  82 
323  28 
170  •.:<; 
250  70 
250  24 
231  38 
338  5€ 
242  45 
175  26 
S54  66 
169  74 
240  58 
275  54 
146  74 
92  00 
199  64 
268  20 
281  98 
488  06 
349  04 


$1474  61 

2996  47 
769  88 
470  IP 
832  80 
888  2.3 
912  00 

1335  SO 
719  28 

1226  86 
882  20 
466  92 
663  50 

1118  00 
454  13 
235  83 
772  12 

1125  03 
969  55 

2201  86 
482  45 


30  00 


200  00 


^26  89 
93  68 
S2  65 
17  IS 
25  31 

25  26 

33  92 

34  18 
24  47 
17  68 

35  8] 
17  14 
24  27 

27  82 
14  82 

9  29 

26  47 

28  41 
49  28 
24  3o 


$18 

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30  CO 

4 

50 

15 

00 

11 

00 

23 

50 

7 

50 

25 

00 

12 

CO 

19 

CO 

9 

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28 

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12 

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3 

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9 

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16 

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25 

00 

8 

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$13  00 
9  00 

8  00 
6  50 

9  50 

4  50 

13  50 

6  00 

13  00 

18  00 

6  CO 


10  00 
12  00 


111380  00]  609  03 1 140 1 298 1  29550  27 1   5928  48 1  19796  76]  230  00156S  63 1 275  50]  129  00 

COUNTY. 


1940  OC 

26  00 

6 

8 

741  75 

186  76 

450  07 

28  12 

665  00 

13  50 

5 

8 

653  68 

172  04 

286  36 

10  50 

1330  00 

33  00 

f, 

10 

428  17 

151  02 

297  47 

10  50 

7  00 

1374  00 

11  00 

<. 

11 

672  50 

179  86 

393  35 

30  00 

10  00 

1435  00 

20  00 

6 

1 

6P9  01 

157  78 

309  20 

12  CO 

1400  00 

5  00 

8 

8 

■  796  00 

160  OS 

414  92 

25  00 

S  00 

1628  75 

23  50 

6 
6 

5 
10 

706  17 
560  25 

138  92 
157  78 

420  38 

50  OC 

6  00 

750  OC 

e 

( 

773  96 

165  60 

510  54 

11  00 

6  00 

4111  00 

29  00 

8 

15 

835  91 

263  58 

610  27 

2  GO 

1200  00 

5 

5 

424  00 

108  10 

308  63 

2690  CO 

32  00 

( 

IS 

835  25 

225  40 

476  58 

3  00 

1456  5- 

40  50 

6 

10 

688  00 

192  28 

389  78 

7  00 

3  00 

2175  00 

5 

11 

784  04 

190  44 

406  24 

4  00 

1275  00 

5  00 

8 

9 

738  00 

183  54 

369  68 

20  00 

2  00 

2650  00 

6 

9 

1025  00 

208  84 

442  76 

10  00 

4  50 

26079  75 

238  561 

100 1 

146 1 

11261  59i 

2842  02 1 

6088  22 1 

115  121 

i 

110  00 

44  50 

COUNTY. 


1000  00 
200  00 

6  00 

2 
1 

1 

460  00 
140  GO 
105  00 

187  22 
71  30 

291  42 
40  99 
30  00 

25  00 

15  00 

4  00 

10  00 

6  60 

1200  00 

5  00 

3| 

1 

695  00 

258  52 1 

362  41 

1 

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29  OOj 

6  0» 

356 


Doc. 


MACOMB 


TOWNSHIPS. 


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Chesterfield,. 

Clinton, 

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Lenox, 

Macomb , 

Ray, 

Richmond ,  . . 

Shelby, 

Sterling, 

Warren, 

Washington, 


51^ 
64-2 
738 
104S 
758 
208 
474 
60S 
542 
670 
700 
278 
416 
660 


487 

523 

7.7 

493 

6.5 

689 

7.0 

374 

6.8 

66 

7.6 

37! 

6.8 

494 

6.7 

504 

7  6 

66S 

6.9 

49 

7.4 

219 

6  2 

245 

7.1 

603 

8.5 

100 
419 


312 


253 
285 
150 

214 

375 
279 
167 
405 
281 
151 
i 
150 


$1089  98 

1521  81 

1017  67 

1562  51 

810  42 

275  49 

582  18 

780  47 

989  08 

782  Qb 

1093  57 

433  06 

494  37 

1632  44 


$.5  75 

17  32 

60  28 

6  25 

8  00 

52  71 

81  03 

178  39 

329  98 

209  01 

47  19 

46  72 

219  50 


$322  87 

80  00 

649  00 

1701  22 

351  64 

28  38 

65  20 

271  80 

158  75 

114  16 

2515  00 

364  14 

106  00 

294  80 


Total, 14|     77!     23|     8256|     6226|7.1|       831|     2T10|  130^5  98|     1282  IB |     7022  45 

MANISTEE 


Brown ,  . . 
Manistee , 


581 
97 


391 
82 


3.01 

7.6 


1561 


280 


165  S8| 
316  73 


9  00 


281  00 
421  42 


Total, 2| 


Paine, 


Marquette, 


155 


5551 


1121 


1211  5  31 


651  6.; 


1801  8.01 


156 


482  1 


9  001 


702  42 


672 1 


Summit, 


31]        22|  3.0| 


Green, . . 
Leonard, 


751 
53 


f3| 
66 


3.01 

8.0 


2.5 


MANITOU 

1541       1.51  14|         40  89!         16  S7 

MARQUETTE 

I     18S0  04|         73  12]     1847  00 


MASON 

22  75!       103  08 

MECOSTA 

57  64 


27  371 
182  93 1 


292  80 
541  07 


Total, 


.2|       4|       1|        128|       119|  5.5|         'i5| 


Ingcrsoll , 
Jeromo, 
Midland , 


2 

40 

33 

6.0 

1 

U 

I'J 

6  1 

90 

1 

2o;j 

HI 

7  .'i 

374 

210  30 1 


79  95 
108  36 

862  92 


?7  64|       833  87 

MIDLAND 

23  00 
.30  00        160  00 


Total, 3| 


186|    6.4|  90|       374|     1051  23|         SO  00         183  00 


No. 


257 


COUNTY. 


_( 

^ 

OG 

•Ji 

O 

02 

^ 

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ry 

cC 

rt 

o 

ej 

crt 

H 

c3 

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CS 

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p 

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3 

o 
> 

o 

o 

o 

tS 

6 

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'3 

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M 

s 

o  ^ 


g  19:i0  00 

2850  00 

241S  00 

10195  00 

1062  00 

275  00 
1790  00 
2275  00 
1850  00 
2905  00 
2525  00 
1875  00 

700  0' 
5175  00 


2  50 

7 

14 

80  DO 

Q 

16 

24  00 

5 

9 

100  00 

e 

11 

42  00 

6 

7 

4 

10 

10  00 

8 

11 

10 

11 

25  00 

3 

22 

10  00 

6 

10 

S 

5 

-i 

i 

100  00 

6 

7 

I   9o9  Q6 
1418  68 

1156  50 
2123  38 

808  95 

186  00 

611  25 

1025  90 

1085  90 

1157  27 
1424  75 

446  25 

458  65 

lil4  50 


5251 

le 

283 

82 

347 

30 

466 

90 

341 

78 

95 

22 

210 

68 

292 

56 

264  04 

310  04 

33; 

58 

120 

98 

199  64 1 

290 

72| 

I  803  46 
1394  94 
794  50 
1095  61 
419  67 
180  27 
424  18 
571  88 
749  53 
617  07 
870  63 
457  11 
294  73 
290  72 


|13  501  $ 


18  00 

30  00 
5  00 
8  00 

IS  50 
8  00 

28  50 

5  00 

12  oo; 


4  00 

3  00 
16  00 

2  00 
9  00 

1  CO 
16  60 

3  50 

4  00 


3781;i  00 1     413 

50| 

74|144| 

14256  61 1 

3807  42 1 

8864  30 1 

1 

|141  50 1 

69  00 

COUNTY. 

256  00 
1100  00 

2 

J. 

2 

198  00 

868  00 

14  721 
35  42 1 

175  38 

264  76 

25  00 
25  00 

1356  00 1 

1 

1  j 

3| 

566  00 1 

50  14 1 

440  14 1 

50  001 

1             1 

COUsTY. 

700  06 1 

1 

1 

2| 

192  00 1 

89  24! 

56  79 1 

1 

1     6  00| 

5  00 

COUNTY 

9100  001       75  00 1 

S| 

4| 

1001  00 1 

105  09 1 

1709  86 1 

! 

1             1 

COUNTY. 

100  00 1      15 

00 1 

1 

1| 

22  75 1 

1 

225  91 1 

1 

1     2  0C| 

50 

COUNTY. 

335  00 
1525  »0 

1 

S 

2 

84  50 
152  00 

17  48 
17  02 

299  61 
322  58 

50  00 
90  00 

8  00 
6  00 

1860  00]       I  1|  5| 

COUNTY. 


200  00 

976  OC 


39  00 


238  601 


72  84 

96  00 

666  50 


34  60  i 


16  56 

7  36 

85  56 


622  191  140  001 


14  001 


88  39 

216  24 

54  06 

12  00 

019  89 

254  97 

20  OC 

18  CO 

8  00 


1175  OQj   89  00|  2|  8|    835  S4|    109  48|   1324  62|  309  03|  20  00)  30  00|   8  0 


33 


258 


Dog. 


MONROE 


TOWNSHIPS. 


o 

o 

o 

a: 

II 

o 
"3 

CO 

.2 

to     . 

GQ 

o 

"3 

■-3 

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rt 

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o 

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t<  ai 

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O 

1 

C    (50 

O 

M 

6 

bo 

cS 

Si 

© 
> 

s 

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;zi 

55 

<!J 

z 

!s 

Ash, 

Bedford,  

Dundee,  

Erie,  

Eseter, 

Frenchtown, 

Ida,  

La  Salle,  

London,   

Milan, 

Monroe,    

Monroe  City, 

Raisinville,   

Summerfield,  ... 
Whiteford 


9 

2 

741 

534 

6.5 

149 

7 

397 

268 

5.1 

469 

8 

2 

621 

540 

6.8 

579 

6 

1 

685 

327 

7.7 

375 

8 

3 

308 

263 

5.6 

261 

8 

2 

670 

450 

5.8 

450 

5 

2 

•  290 

19  ■= 

4.9 

8 

487 

370 

6.3 

502 

5 

3 

333 

291 

5.e 

517 

6 

1 

409 

380 

7.8 

494 

4 

1 

360 

167 

5.5 

401 

1 

1266 

664 

9.5 

300 

8 

2 

619 

484 

T.2 

300 

4 

2 

340 

279 

6.0 

f31 

6 

2' 

417 

265 

6.7 

$  799  61 
494  84 
873  1) 
738  30 
262  86 
751  >6 
418  46 
629  49 
470  72 
.521  40 
595  24 
2320  34 
961  15 
446  02 
250  64 


$  19  87 

61  91 

203  48 

27  05 

1  62 

53  87 

£9  45 

13  73 

145  53 

56  92 

56  59 

107  35 


$403  21 

414  51 

496  19 

388  06 

82  58 

56  00 

69  81 

42  89 

253  25 

521  40 

SB  98 

360  00 

182  88 

341  63 

250  62 


Total, 151  881  231 


54631  7.11  35321  229c|  11)533  641   777  371  3890  99 


MONTCALM 


Bloomer, .. 
Buslinell , . . 

Cato, 

Crystal,.  . . 

Eureka, 

Evergreen, 
Fairplain, . 

Ferris, , 

Montcalm, 
Pier son, — 
Sidney,  


6 

221 

160 

4.9 

233 

5 

1 

228 

165 

6.0 

194 

2 

56 

47 

3.5 

72 

4 

69 

51 

3.4 

5 

2 

350 

341 

7.0 

46 

1 

20 

16 

6.0 

121 

e 

164 

140 

4  7 

145 

3 

Si 

20 

3.5 

1 

1 

47 

67 

6.6 

105 

1 

26 

14 

3.0 

1 

38 

21 

5.0 

100 

312  02 
246  87 
128  11 

11  50 
471  53 

41  26 
240  56 

17  50 
136  37 

75  00 
106  it 


23  47 
45  88 

12  60 
293  23 

77  83 
25  75 

13  70 


88  68 

8  00 

45  00 

66  50 

261  66 

136  88 

200  00 

17  00 

95  00 


Total, 


•  111     35|  .    4|     12&7I     103:i|  4.9!       426|       689|     ^787  141       49175        918  72 

MUSKEGON 


Cazenovia,  

Dalton, 

Moorland, 

Muskegon, 

Oceana,  

Eavenua, 

"White  River,., 


€ 

1 

219 

2  e 

4.8 

148 

1 

li 

fi 

3>0 

1 

17 

15 

6.( 

S 

306 

257 

7.0 

274 

2 

1 

40 

27 

3.0 

100 

4 

141 

103 

4.6 

145 

2 

1 

71 

66 

6.0 

66 

19 

3 

807 

686 

4.9 

578 

145 

198  26 

32  75 
39  00 

184  81 
225  00 

881  33 

45  50 

779  69 

185  3S 

23  00 

271  43 

117  33 

60  48 

211  48 

Total, 


1382  i5|       200  78 1     1622  41 

NEWAYGO 


Ashland, 

Q 

101 

110 

5.8 

127 

88  12 

64  25 

13§  00 

Big  Prairie, 

1 

1 

101 

74 

7.0 

87 

241  oe 

20  06 

35  00 

Bridgton ,  

1 

18 

14 

6.0 

130  00 

Brooks,  

1 

151 

147 

8.0 

345  78 

148  00 

534  88 

Croton ,  

5 

2 

239 

198 

0.6 

19 

309  07 

162  48 

180  25 

Drayton, 

3 

85 

12 

3.7 

60  28 

27  12 

136  24 

Ensley, 

9 

32 

12 

3  4 

31 

64  20 

9  00 

9  00 

Everett, 

1 
3 

25 
77 

20 
63 

4.C 
3.7 

73 
19 

46  75 
81  41 

51  60 

Fremont, 

50  50 

Total, 9 

20 

» 

826 

710 

b.-l 

210 

146 

1376  60 

48-i  45 

1101  87 

No.  1. 


259 


COUNTY. 


•a 
a 

1 

oc 

s 

o 
o 

o 

a 

OG 

u 

J3 

/a 

o 

m 

3 

1 

5^ 

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o  . 

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s 

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a  . 

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o 

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s 

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o 

o 

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"2 

12 

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g 

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t> 

t> 

^ 

iz; 

H 

Ph 

■< 

■5 

K 

P4 

P-. 

$  3210  00 

$  15  00 

5 

16 

$  86.:i  93 

$  301  76 

$ 

$30  96 

$ 

1855  00 

1  00 

5 

8 

630  25 

179  86 

2000  00 

15  00 

6 

12 

880  95 

284  74 

6S3  08 

27  85 

10  50 

6  50 

1561  00 

52  00 

4 

11 

880  5s 

258  06 

479  21 

25  24 

10  CO 

6  60 

1165  00 

15  00 

S 

8 

356  19 

135  24 

'.78  45 

13  23 

3  CO 

720  00 

10  00 

5 

9 

888  13 

203  14 

565  70 

29  00 

S  06 

4  00 

1275  Go 

5 

7 

4P1  64 

130  64 

•   282  52 

12  78 

14  00 

9  60 

650  00 

61  00 

3 

12 

510  18 

234  60 

441  13 

' 

22  95 

15  00 

8  90 

850  00 

3 

11 

501  50 

161'  54 

280  33 

1060  00 

31  50 

3 

9 

675  10 

200  56 

340  20 

8  28 

1150  00 

18  00 

2 

5 

479  07 

151  34 

443  50 

21  86 

6  00 

16000  00 

100  00 

2 

6 

2987  00 

575  46 

1744  00 

29  CO 

12  00 

1940  00 

16  00 

8 

11 

10S8  53 

326  60 

326  60 

32  00 

1225  00 

15  00 

S 

9 

533  43 

158  70 

350  96 

15  52 

9  00 

800  00 

7 

8 

764  00 

193  66 

436  00 

4  00 

35461  00|  349  50]  64|14-^|  12480  45|   3594  9U|   6651  68} 

BOUNTY. 


|268  67|  85  50|    41  50 


995  00 

3 

8 

284  11 

86  02 

170  32 

25  00 

12  12 

6  00 

180  00 

9  CO 

1 

11 

269  88 

94  30 

163  77 

9  50 

1  50 

150  00 

2 

£■8  00 

21  16 

448  88 

35  00 

12  00 

1  00 

225  00 

4 

77  SO 

11  50 

88  CO 

12  50 

3  SO 

1605  00 

35  00 

4 

8 

710  4-; 

167  90 

141  00 

14  37 

30  00 

15  00 

180  00 

2 

52  80 

7  36 

69  16 

15  00 

929  00 

1 

8 

264  CO 

75  90 

144  50 

8  75 

1  CO 

660  00 

V 

16  25 

6  44 

216  00 

6  00 

ISO  00 

2 

o 

135  25 

25  76 

173  57 

25  00 

3  OS 

13  25 

3  50 

150  00 

i 

19  50 

20  00 

1 

1 

49  25 

13  34 

93  09 

7  00 

5224  00 

44  00 

12| 

49 1 

1936  96 1 

509  68 

1708  291 

100  00 

17  40 

111  12 

31  50 

COUNTY. 


851  00 

3 

10 
1 

75  00 

•; 

1000  00 

5  00 

2 

o 

200  00 

2 

700  00 

6 

710  CO 

2 

371  75 

19  50 

39  00 

1007  82 

45  50 

176  64 

174  75 


106  72 


150  88 
15  64 

58  88 


146  10 


720  00 


164  65 
138  35 


35  00 


7  50 

4  00 

50 

27  00 

8  00 

4  00 

2  50 

3  00 


3536  001 


5  001 


'COUNTY. 


1834  96 1 


332  121       1169  101 


26  00 1 


53  50|      3  00 


356  00 

2  00 

5 

156  75 

40  94 

107  69 

£5  00 

2  OC 

162  00 

5 

g 

241  CO 

50  60 

•.:40  OC 

50  00 

4  OC 

1  00 

250  00 

•'J 

80  00 

130  00 

1000  00 

56  75 

o 

3 

618  73 

65  75 

296  61 

lb   00 

1585  OC 

5  00 

5 

7 

485  26 

106  72 

177  00 

8  00 

75  00 

4 

103  65 

30  86 

ISO  IS 

25  00 

2  00 

240  00 

2 

6-2  50 

6  44 

82  84 

25  00 

12  00 

1 

24  00 

11  50 

240  70 

3  OO 

60 

300  eo 

29  00 

o 

2 

157  48 

19  32 

90  69 

4  00 

50 

3967  00 

92  75 

13 

27 

1899  36J 

331  66] 

1545  67 

160  00 

27  00 

10  00 

260 


Doc 


OAKLA.ND 


2 

5 

.2* 

o 

•A 

o 

■^ 

w 

M 

•ji 

a 

TOWNSHIPS. 

CO 

e 

o 
o 

CO 

o 

6 '"3 

CO 

.  c3 

a 

O 

d 
o 
u 

> 

.S  CO 

S  5 

S-2 
.o 

3 

1^ 

3 

o 
.2 

in 

o 

s 

.22 

O 

•i 
t 

a 

'^ 

£ 

^ 

Iz 

< 

ii 

fe: 

< 

■< 

Addison, 

4 

2 

328 

o:yJ. 

7.7 

148 

$530  90 

%  24  00 

$;iol  25 

Avon , 

8 

6 

6 

563 

782 

513 

654 

6.7 
•8.0 

706 

430 

1135  79 
1640  77 

283  71 
41  53 

544  67 

BlooBQfleld, 

224  81 

Brandon, 

4 

4 

526 

467 

7.1 

195 

659  43 

110  19 

459  41 

Commerce , 

6 

5 

509 

472 

7.7 

342 

939  53 

320  69 

490  44 

Farmington, 

5 

5 

659 

600 

8.0 

1000 

1569  32 

85  84 

112  70 

Groveland, 

7 

1 

396 

362 

s.o 

308 

500  11 

145  66 

51  97 

Highland, 

4 

0 

390 

32-2 

7.1 

360 

673  54 

IS  77 

286  20 

Bollv, 

8 

2 

53i 
547 

401 
351 

7.5 
7.5 

101 

SS5 

S09  47 
936  69 

186  46 
65  25 

321  88 

Independence, ... 

36  00 

Lyon 

7 
9 
5 
3 

1 

2 

6 
4 

406 
656 
527 
374 

396 
617 
53S 
314 

8.6 
8.C 
T.7 
8.0 

640 

331 
411 

884  38 
1076  93 
1293  44 

854  09 

81  83 

355  77 

139  55 

5  00 

25  00 

Milford, 

117  77 

Novi, 

216  55 

Oakland, 

133  89 

Orion,  

8 
S 
9 
5 
4 

2 
S 
1 
2 
3 

4S3 
493 
1263 
429 
428 

418 
413 
978 
373 
379 

7.0 
8.2 
7.9 
7.9 
7.1 

840 

383 
532 
398 

866  09 
773  10 
2763  14 
667  87 
826  51 

170  91 
114  73 

86  76 

59  90 

117  85 

564  60 

Oxford, 

173  46 

Pontiac, 

2780  90 

Rose. 

295  21 

Royal  Oak, 

69  84 

Southfield, 

7 

3 

531 

480 

8.0 

T99 

1180  49 

163  33 

66  10 

'Springfield, 

9 

o 

540 

505 

7.7 

367 

843  66 

174  4-2 

505  70 

Trov,  

5 

c 

4 

535 
467 

493 
413 

7,0 
7.6 

479 
379 

1273  86 
1009  92 

105  82 
142  57 

377  60 

Waterford, 

64  28 

West  Bloomfleld. . 

5 

2 

323 

278 

7.9 

462 

710  18 

74  68 

105  50 

White  Lake,- 

6 

2 

404 

398 

7.0 

240 

692  78 

98  29 

99  IS 

Total, 25 

1  152 

1     69 

I3iei 

!  11387 

1   7.2 

1     3186 

1     7368 

!  25111  99 

1     3169  51 

8434  77 

OCEANA- 


Benona, .... 
Clay  Bancs, 
Elbridge,.. . 
Pent  Water, 


3 

47 

33 

3.0 

14 

3 

68 

50 

5.7 

r 

41 

12 

6.2 

i 

33 

15 

3.0 

41  00 

70  67 

161  16 

69  00 

43  25 

62  45 

8  28 

85  00 

16  10 

2a  91 

Total, 


183|       110|  4  51        14| 


134  381       137  831 


308  61 


ONTONAGON 


Greenland, .. 
Ontonagon,. . 

Pewabic, 

Rockland ,  . . . 

"  Total, .41 


1 

105 

89 

8.5 

82 

1 

305 

192 

9.0 

560 

1 

'/ 

1 

370 

263 

9.0 

7921       544!  8.81 


493  60 

100  00 

769  50 

1559  76 

413  8 

413  81 

1098  39 

800  00 

81!       5501     2775  30 | 


I     2S73  50 


No.  t. 


261 


COTNTY. 


0 

"O 

OS 

02 

o 

o 

53 

1 

be 

ti 

cS 

CO 

<u 

® 

CQ 

** 

CQ 

(-< 

pd 

xi 

1 

O 

u, 

•  I-* 

8 

\< 

1 

i 

a 

> 

B 

c3 

c 

« 

<B 

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600  00 

10  00 

4 

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$  543  98 

%   153  64 

377  29 

33  40 

$13  00 

$12  00 

S33o  00 

5  25 

9 

16 

1499  98 

275  08 

985  58 

59  80 

18  00 

10  50 

5170  00 

3T  00 

9 

14 

1599  45 

327  52 

996  63 

71  20 

22  00 

1608  00 

15  00 

8 

9 

775  29 

243  34 

439  12 

52  90 

3050  50 

6 

13 

1166  36 

247  03 

725  90 

53  70 

3030  00 

16  00 

10 

11 

1572  66 

313  26 

1136  74 

68  10 

12  00 

1350  00 

4 

11 

611  50 

178  94 

297  16 

38  90 

1630  00 

25  00 

6 

4 

631  65 

176  18 

520  26 

38  SO 

1870  00 

1  25 

7 

12 

894  48 

239  20 

482  29 

32  00 

15  00 

6  00 

1865  00 

12  00 

9 

9 

892  25 

230  00 

762  19 

50  00 

11  00 

2  50 

1406  25 

7 

10 

964  64 

187  22 

838  50 

40  70 

17  50 

10  50 

4670  00 

47  00 

10 

11 

1526  03 

310  04 

67  40 

2095  00 

15  00 

11 

13 

1380  68 

241  5C 

1001  62 

52  60 

21  00 

8  00 

1865  00 

67  00 

7 

9 

749  25 

182  62 

734  25 

39  70 

2971  50 

35  50 

6 

13 

923  54 

209  76 

656  33 

45  60 

2165  00 

5 

8 

723  25 

218  04 

666  72 

47  40 

7  00 

9060  00 

74  00 

10 

18 

3773  76 

571  32 

2480  29 

124  20 

10  00 

2564  00 

5  00 

8 

10 

7C1  85 

193  66 

469  45 

42  15 

18  25 

4  60 

1790  00 

2  00 

6 

8 

863  12 

204  70 

621  81 

25  00 

44  50 

20  00 

9  60 

3210  00 

29  00 

8 

10 

1236  00 

260  36 

862  55 

§6  60 

7  00 

14  00 

3875  00 

39  00 

6 

1*- 

1035  00 

245  64 

557  29 

53  40 

2800  00 

6  eo 

8 

14 

1292  80 

248  40 

1025  46 

54  00 

11  00 

4  00 

1750  00 

55  CO 

7 

11 

1060  50 

225  86 

714  00 

49  10 

1  00 

26-25  ©0 

6 

7 

764  75 

158  18 

800  44 

33  30 

17  60 

2625  00 

18  00 

6 

17 

784  88 

204  24 

463  83 

44  40 

6  00 

67880  25 

614  00 

182 

278 

27954  55 

6040  72 

18608  62) 

25  00 

127325 

219  25 

90  00 

COUNTY. 


275  00 

6  00 

1 

2 

109  50 

11  04 

4f9  00 

7  45 

255  00 

4 

102  00 

24  84 

294  30 

26  08 

6  00 

75  00 

2 

56  50 

8  28 

110  00 

13  87 

1 

23  91 

16  10 

92  61 

10  87 

1  50 

605  00 

6  00 

1 

9 

291  91 

120  52 

955  92 

58  27 

7  50 

COUNTY. 


2-^0  00 

1 

290  00 

48  30 

445  £0 

4000  0« 

150  00 
10  00 

1 

2 

2 
2 

1192  00 

766  e7 

151  80 

3  68 
125  58 

618  32 

413  81 

1093  39 

100  00 

4200  00 

160  00 

3 

5 

2248  67 

329  36 

2676  82 

100  00 

■ 

262 


Dog 


OTTAWA 


TOWNSHIPS. 


c3£ 

O  CO 

2'* 


=F!^ 


2i.a 


©,£3 


^  c3 


9  rf 


Allaadale,  . . . 
Blendon,  — 

Chester, 

Crockery, ... 
Georgetown,. 

Holland, 

Jamestown,  . 

Olive, 

Ottawa, 

Polkton, 

Robinson,  . .. 
iSpring  Lake,. 
Tallmadge,  .. 

Wright, 

Zeeland, 


2 

61 

64 

7.0 

260 

2 

55 

54 

5.5 

252 

6 

2 

292 

249 

5.0 

184 

5 

178 

140 

6.0 

104 

9 

264 

220 

6.4 

314 

4 

1 

579 

358 

8.3 

236 

5 

163 

137 

5.6 

250 

1 

13 

22 

3.5 

31 

2 

335 

202 

8.1 

209 

7 

S 

367 

326 

5.6 

256 

2 

142 

115 

6.5 

6 

1 

412 

302 

7.0 

164 

8 

1 

554 

479 

6.1 

315 

3 

3 

495 

3S5 

8  0 

494 

$166  88 
100  93 
362  5&' 
247  05 
402  40 
691  24 
221  S7 

801  81 
463  06 

276  93 
522  21 
485  38 
544  66 


5 

6 

75 

61 

20 

15 

58 

31 

61 

1 

11 

18 

00 

11  00 

115  24 

25  00 

158 

18 

181 

79 

$  22  00 
265  00 
269  99 
280  38 

702  91 

167  92 

33  00 

2240  76 

358  88 

386  00 
804  67 
345  75 
740  82 


Total, 15|  62|  111  39'JS|  30231  6. 3|  1827|  1233|  5188  50|   625  38 1  4718  08 

SAGINAW 


City 


Birch  Run, 
Blumfield, . 

Brady, 

Brant, 

Bridgeport, 
Buena  Vista, 
Chesaning,, 
E.  Saginaw 
Frankinmuth, 

Premont, 

Maple  Grove, 
Kochville, .  . 

Saginaw, 

Saginaw  City, 
Spaulding,... 
St.  Charles,.. 
Taymouth,. . . 
Thomastown , 
Tittabawasse, 
Zilwaukie,.. . 


254 
175 

68 

25 

206 

82 

156 

80  i 

378 

10 

42 

172 

233 

586 

64 

153 

158 

146 

172 


186 

90 

69 

29 

l.iO 

63 

118 

425 

163 

10 

23 

59 

339 

403 

45 

186 

102 

94 

149 

42 


5  8 
4.0 
4.0 
S  0 
4.6 
6.0 
6.6 
9.6 
3,4 
3  0 
3  0 
3.0 
6.7 
9.0 
8.7 
6.3 
3.6 
4.2 
6.6 
6.0 


152 

38 

283 


115 


143 
394 


240 


383 
242 


31 

384 
54 


82 
100 


256  14 
184  80 
111  00 
115  (0 
69  34 

204  72 

1402  33 

339  06 

.  18  92 

10  76 

134  10 

432  8o 

984  39 

125  3i 

150  00 

238  83 

337  15 

192  19 

84  21 


77 

22 

16 

7 
19 

00 
68 
50 

21  CO 

138  55 

24  00 

14  33 

8  44 

17 

64 

12 

89 

161  75 

37  67 

48  00 

57  00 

295  63 

108  00 

145  95 

1893  83 

124  00 

110  00 

70  5« 

260  eo 

390  00 
300  00 

188  00 
103  00 
490  85 
451  77 
11  00 


Total, 


201  58 


3972 


2525  5. 4 1  12801  1516 1  5391  09 1   456  25]  5247  95 


SANILAC 


Austin, 

Br  idgehampton , . 

Buel, 

Delaware, 

Forester, 

Fremont, 

Lexington, 

Marion, 

Marlett, 

Sanilac, 

Speaker, 

Washington, 

Worth, 


1 

1 

62 

34 

3.5 

32 

4 

97 

63 

4.2 

25 

2 

50 

27 

6.0 

62 

4 

134 

89 

3  0 

85 

2 

100 

81 

5  5 

100 

3 

77 

58 

4.5 

40 

10 

718 

634 

1  .c 

367 

3 

60 

47 

1 

22 

12 

4.0 

7 

410 

220 

5.2 

298 

2 

78 

21 

4.0 

60 

1 

1 

45 

3S 

4.5 

124 

5 

3 

570 

487 

6.3 

440 

94  50 
74  82 
71  89 
121  22 
208  00 
111  51 
774  93 

32  30 
.301  19 

38  00 
231  56 
619  62 


1  00 

12  00 

13  00 

4  03 

1  75 

48  00 

293  06 

50 

113  16 

49  79 

96  00 

79  71 
109  25 
136  00 

86  00 

95  00 
222  40 
279  00 

23  17 
689  67 

30  00 
1S5  00 

46  00 


Total, 13|  45|  i\     2t23|  1664|  4  8|   805|   875|  26l9  54|   536  29 1  2025  21 


No.  T 


263 


COUNTY. 


CO 


.£3 


$  310  00 

7'0  00 

1660  00 

1620  00 

940  00 

1590  00 

60  00 

1000  00 
3155  00 

1400  00 

3150  00 

1103  00 

810  60 


$ 

4 

$  156  00 

f  23  92 

$140  70 

1 

2 

177  75 

35  42 

115  02 

18  25 

4 

10 

452  65 

131  bt" 

73  52 

1 

6 

268  50 

72  21 

179  25 

2 

13 

476  49 

124  20 

273  20 

54  00 

2 

4 

1161  84 

233  22 

370  60 

24  50 

0 

7 

286  50 

60  26 

165  44 

1 

26  00 

144  60 

50  00 

1 

9 

840  00 

133  40 

634  se 

8 

8 

754  07 

150  88 
5  98 

393  27 

1 

2 

399  00 

74  98 

226  66 

61  00 

3 

10 

747  20 

183  08 

340  01 

12  75 

7 

9 

359  76 

223  56 

293  SS 

91   50 

4 

S 

889  74 

•J13  90 

330  56 

1-5  o 


>  ft 
m 


< 

$ 
10  00 


10  00 


25  00 

48  88 
25  00 


u 

<u 

a 

^ 

r^ 

•^ 

o 

o 

«« 

cc 

o 

s-g 

s.^ 

CO  g 

i:3 

3 

t3 

t3 

> 

o 

(O 

■ci 

o 

c3 

« 

fl. 

17398  C0|  303  00|  40|  77|   6995  50j   1666  oSj   3680  5S|  118  88 


$  4  CO 
11  00 

9  75 

12  00 

10  50 
9  00 

15  CO 

« 

7  00 

8  50 
24  50 

8  00 

1 

119  25 1 

COUNTY. 


1235  00 

300  00 

970  00 

35  00 

525  00 

450  00 

1445  00 

2500  UO 

400  00 

•500  00 

«6  00 

330  00 

1000  00 

1500  00 

420  00 

600  00 

320  00 

395  00 

755  00 

300  00 


2 

9 

85  00 

1 

S 

2 

1 

5 

1 

3 

1 

4 

22  00 

^ 

1 

20  00 

^ 

3 

4 

2 

5 

4 

2 

E 

3 

0 

2 

6 

5  00 

1 

361  29 

167  84 

82  25 

37  50 

189  0^' 

183  00 

268  50 

'753  44 

309  90 

23  00 

29  3£- 

97  50 

403  00 

1124  6f- 

113  00 

348  00 

211  5(1 

287  50 

202  50 

100  00 


119  14 

74  52 

19  35 

3  68 

69  9:' 

29  44 

64  86 

333  50 

112  '.4 

5  25 

47  84 
77  28 

251  16 
21  16 

48  30 
61  64 

49  fS 
63  9j 
31  28 


141  25 

1  90 

9  75 

152  00 

25  00 

1  20 

6  60 

200  00 

42 

11  00 

161  '.0 

9  00 

173  84 

25  00 

8  00 

235  Oi 

47 

5  00 

170  00 

1  16 

15  50 

IOCS  83 

100  00 

5  33 

V26  82 

2  25 

13  50 

136  00 

25  00 

2  00 

104  00 

25  00 

09 

122  14 

97 

448  00 

100  00 

1  46 

6  00 

733  23 

4  03 

104  le 

25  00 

36 

3  00 

91 

6  00 

177  14 

25  06 

6  22 

8  00 

-.98  97 

3  98 

13  eo 

160  or. 

25  00 

1  Ot 

17  50 

52  55 

25  00 

48 

2  OC 

150  00 
320  00 
75  00 
475  00 
875  00 
310  00 
3615  00 

30  eo 

860  00 

64  50 

270  00 

1140  00 


50  00 

22  00 


55  00 


2  00 


16  00 


2 

1 

3 

1 

2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

1 

8 

14 

1 

5 

6 

1 

1 

2 

3 

10 

95  50 
179  31 
176  50 
124  50 
127  25 
132  00 
1099  06 

32  00 
640  00 

52  00 
113  00 
740  5 


25  30 
48  3 
10  58 
47  84 
31  28 
17  48 
312  80 


174  34 


23  00 
251  62 


7984  50 1  145  00 1  22 1  47 1   3511  71 1    987  84 1 


105  14 

1  00 

■4  00 

150  00 

12  00 

86  31 

25  00 

46 

10  5i: 

89  16 

128  00 

25  00 

3  OC 

136  51 

25  00 

10  00 

6  00 

279  93 

13  60 

14  00 

216  00 

30  00 

5  0(. 

46  50 

4  5v 

241  00 

130  93 

5  00 

250  45 

25  00 

11  00 

9  Oi 

198  47 

10  94 

13  Oi 

2058  40 

130  00 

47  00 

86  OOj 

1  50 
4  50 

3  50 

7  50 
1  00 

3  00 


15  CO 
3  00 

~39  00 


2  50 
2  00 

4  00 

2  00 
10  00 

3  50 


2  00 


2  00 
7  00 
6  00 
4  50 


13976  00|  lo2  00|  22|  72|   6298  48 |   1484  42|   4864  95|  400  OOj  32  28|135  75|  44  50 

COUNTY. 


1  £0 

2  50 
50 

3  00 
8  50 

16  oe 


264 


0(-e. 


ST     CLAIR 


TOWNSHIPS. 


^ 

^ 

-.J 

J 

^ 

•^ 

— ' 

-^  . 

c 

cc 

— 

C  t. 

^ 

y 

^ 

11 

O  cS 

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— 

^ 

^  >> 

^ 

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f- 

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:;  t» 

■Jl 

u 

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2 

fi 

cc  ■? 

2-i 

m 

o 

5 

o 

1  2 

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3'K 

^ 

d 

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o 

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fcJD 

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o 

cS 

C 

s 

^ 

6 

c 

> 
< 

Js 

i 

•  0  82 

55  00 

•240  70 

194  SO 

12  77 

4S9  61 

410  St) 

]01  19 

o9  00 

IS  00 

84  96 

230  5« 

601  75 

225  00 

96  60 

55  00 

205  00 

445  42 

1500  00 

28  25 

4;0  17 

2442  0) 

322  94 


Berlin , 

Brock  way, 

Burchviile, 

Casco, 

China, 

Clay, 

Clyde,  

Columbus,  

Cottrelville, 

East  China, 

Emmett, 

Greenwood, 

Ira, 

Kenochee, 

Kimball, 

Lynn, 

Mussey, 

Port  Huron, 

Port  Huron  City,. 

Riley, 

St.  Clair,..- 

St.  Clair  City, 

Wales, 


7 

1 

400 

347 

6.4 

455 

3 

1 

277 

212 

8.L 

15£ 

10 

63t. 

45? 

6.S 

23^' 

4 

302 

lis 

5.2 

870 

6 

1 

473 

396 

6.9 

343 

5 

410 

324 

5.S 

496 

A 

o 

407 

33'S 

6.1 

30G 

8 

421 

187 

b/i 

o 

1 

505 

281 

7.'1 

41-2 

3 

l^'i 

93 

5.7 

195 

3 

80 

67 

4.5 

4 

5 

214 

125 

4. 

8 

5 

486 

257 

8.0 

7 

326 

190 

5.4 

164 

S 

1 

253 

187 

6.7 

238 

1 

35 

35 

3.C 

100 

4 

132 

148 

6.0 

148 

6 

o 

468 

375 

6.0 

33 

1 

1156 

772 

9.0 

37C 

7 

307 

242 

6.1 

6 

2 

593 

439 

6.5 

173 

1 

648 

450 

10.0 

865 

9 

365 

276 

5.6 

365 

i  110 

14 

9129 

6337 

6.3 

2393 

2647 

412  2i 
594  13 

2r2  12 
612  84 
397  6^ 
3^2  10 
208  IS 
(^:3'i  46 
2f-2  IC 

74  se 

166  53 
437  00 
291  35 
369  15 
65  00 
205  86 
556  89 

1698  00 
339  48 
587  01 

1126  14 
383  16 


75  81 

S4  26 
81  9^ 

H4  45 
75  Of, 

167  Oc 
48  0^ 

110  6( 


84  54 
32  00 

32  00 

183  63 

245d  00 

32  76 

94  74 


Total, 28 


10459  86 1  3657  851  8395  40 


SHTAWASEE 


Antrim, 

Bennington , . . . 

Burns, 

Caledonia, 

Fairfield, 

Hazleton, 

Middlebury,  ... 
New  Haven,... 

Owosso, 

Owosso  City,.. 

Perry, 

Rush, 

Sciota,  

Shiawassee,  . ., 

Venice , 

Vernon, 

WoodhuU, 


2 

5 

810 

24P 

5.5 

150 

5 

1 

282 

268 

5.2 

253 

8 

351 

304 

6.5 

105 

5 

2 

612 

502 

6.G 

263 

5 

118 

96 

5.0 

188 

6 

1 

119 

75 

4.6 

172 

6 

1 

221 

168 

6.4 

209 

4 

1 

184 

1-25 

5.6 

100 

2 

0 

164 

156 

6.5 

155 

1 

443 

344 

9.5 

3 

1 

218 

122 

6.8 

20 

4 

1 

145 

102 

3.8 

225 

5 

1 

182 

186 

5.9 

245 

S 

3 

508 

448 

6.1 

328 

4 

238 

182 

4.9 

S 

1 

442 

34fi 

7.0 

180 

6 

206 

leo 

6.0 

90 

363  6-"' 
SSS  64 
514  76 
724  83 
130  0] 
lt-2  86 

314  51 
149  83 
224  63 
704  77 
293  32 

75  56 
259  19 
6.32  37 

315  4S 
562  93 
243  55 


24  16 
70  88 

176  67 

9  45 

53  24 

25  25 
96  6£ 

2  51 

2-8  80 
68  00 
29  5C 

137  94 
41  91 

82  5'2 
128  47 


15  75 

322  22 

61  00 

.1441  45 

354  19 

42  94 
196  GO 

29  le 
2781  76 

50  00 
205  00 
366  55 
336  30 
109  00 

76  38 
2114  62 


Total, 17|     78|     21|     4743|     3802 1  6.0 1       595|     2098]     609110;     12:^  83i     6692  32 


0 

No.  \. 


265 


COUNTY: 


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02 

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3  ^ 

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c2 

1485  00 
700  00 

3245  00 
671  00 

1501  50 
500  00 

2540  00 

960  00 

250  00 

340  00 

440  00 

895  00 

1190  00 

660  00 

800  00 

825  00 

1343  0.( 

18630  00 

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3 

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12 

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561  92 
500  12 
753  62 
192  99 
600  15 
626  17 
630  76 
337  50 
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22T  00 
162  00 
152  25 
751  92 
397  50 
412  75 
19  50 
240  00 
998  80 

2441  00 
366  87 
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1938  00 
419  41 


192  74 
115  92 
273  70 
118  68 
197  80 

193  66 
180  78 
186  30 

212  98 
60  26 
40  48 
38  18 

255  95 

132  48 

132  48 

36  34 

88  64 

213  60 
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264  36 
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251  08 

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6  i:y 

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6  00 

6  00 

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4  00 

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2  00 

3  00 

2  00 

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COUNTY. 


985  00 

26  00 

3 

8 

370  00 

151  34 

235  oe 

10  56 

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6  00 

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132  94 

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1516  00 

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172  50 

425  67 

5675  25 

152  00 

8 

12 

1353  00 

238  74 

626  8c 

9  00 

210  00 

4 

3 

182  60 

31  74 

132  60 

6  60 

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1170  GO 

4  00 

2 

5 

242  50 

42  32 

163  70 

9  00 

480  00 

3  to 

1 

13 

4'SO  28 

108  56 

205  96 

9  00 

3  60 

770  00 

4 

3 

256  00 

74  98 

ISO  83 

13  00 

1  60 

1450  00 

5  60 

2 

r 

258  21 

69  46 

149  17 

5  00 

4  50 

5500  00 

1 

f, 

1894  99 

198  26 

503  51 

a 

I 

1 

365  75 

82  34 

303  32 

5  25 

3  00 

650  00 

20  00 

j 

2 

162  10 

43  24 

118  13 

18  08 

1  50 

902  50 

1  0' 

3 

4 

380  60 

SO  50 

229  50 

7  00 

2  50 

2005  00 

31  CO 

7 

5 

f43  73 

227  24 

426  67 

16  50 

7  00 

750  00 

31  00 

1 

6 

217  50 

100  74 

228  67 

10  £5 

2  00 

1806  00 

23  50 

5 

14 

641  53 

200  5- 

200  56 

11  50 

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875  00 

2 

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372  64 

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Burr  Oak, 6  1  585  493  7.2  224  $  8W  KC 

Colon, 6  8  527   .     474  6.2  150  862  05 

Constantine, 6  2  670  576  7.4  32  1108  05 

Fabius, f  o  34i  25P  6.1  152  509  14 

Fawn  River, 5  22-i  207  6.1  125  349  55 

Florence, 6  2  333  3-8  7.3  337  860  82 

Flowerfleld, (  1  394  307  6.3  252  586  06 

Leonidas, S  1  465  417  7.4  350  692  22 

Lockport, 4  8  801  738  8.6  1536  72 

Mendon, 5  2  525  575  6.5  358  839  17 

Mottville, 8  2  266  260  8.0  386  648  34 

Nottawa, b  4  542  514  7.2  4M  1416  52 

Park, 5  2  491  411  7  9  190  940  73 

Sherman, 4  1  -.l-  190  7.3  192  382  53 

Sturgls, 4  ]  538  46  8.8  45  1847  10 

White  Pigeon,...]  5  '  511  457  8.0        350  1079  66 

"Total, '.  16 1 ~83 1  29|  7427 1  6673]  7.3|       350|     3237 j  14521  00 1 


$246  90 

143  9 

77  78 

93  81 

26  05 

105  92 

151  44 

241  78 

10  00 

187  14 

23  18 

211  60 

10  C8 

75  61 

49  0' 

305  75 


$  153  18 

459  39 

903  25 

401  95 

396  75 

423  00 

90  CO 

751  58 

2770  00 

2055  60 

337  26 

662  10 

55  00 

31  05 

1104  84 

83  26 


Akron, 

Aimer, 

Arbela, 

Columbia, 

Denmark, . .. . 

Elkland 

Ellington, 

Fair  Grove,. . . 

Fremont, 

Gilfjrd, 

Indian  Fields,. 

Juniatta, 

Millingtcn, 

Sebewaing, ... 

Tuscola, 

Vassar, 

Waterloo, 

Watertown,  . . 


54 
101 
189 

15 


19 
136 

5t- 

5e 

20 
22. 
Ill 

9M 
235 
12C 

77 


35 

97 

192 

8 

53 

21 

95 

32 

50 

20 

164 

50 

2^ 

22: 

110 


3.0 
5  8 
5.9 
3.0 

4.7 

6.7 

4.0 
3.0 
5  0 
3.0 
6.8 
5.6 
8  (; 
6.5 
7.0 


63     6.0 


106 

75 
185 

172 


100 


Total, 18j     46|       61     1607|     1239]  4.7!       668 


86 


56 


160 
433 


58  98 
118  17 
256  24 

31  00 
l»-;5  67 

73  00 

l.n  85 

97  80 

81  85 

22  96 

271  5) 

191  45 

103  00 

304  It 

287  87 

150  00 


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1  10677  20 

TUSCOLA 

36  16 

87  00 

46  •il 

38  00 

88  59 

101  81 

12  00 

20  00 

421  00 

100  00 

5"  00 

21  73 

75  44 

84  00 

39  56 

20  00 

16  25 

198  50 

103  62 

188  61 

245  00 

144  28 

206  50 

876  88 

95  00 

4  50 

37  00 

9721     2747  51 j       513  96        851  74 

VAN   BUREN 


Almena, 

Antwerp, 

Ai'lingtou , 

Bangor, 

Bloomingdale,  . 

Columbia, 

Decatur, 

Deerfield, 

Geneva, 

Hamilton, 

Hartford, 

Keeler, 

Lafayette, 

Lawrence, 

Pine  Grove,.... 

Porter, 

South  Haven,.. 
Waverly, 

"Total,  ..TT... 181  86| 


3 

3 

337 

281 

7.S 

412 

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1 

551 

491 

7.8 

561 

6 

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245 

5.4 

429 

4 

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164 

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271 

1 

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5.6 

334 

4 

1 

19 

154 

4.4 

128 

t 

1 

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33: 

7  1 

278 

I 

67 

5& 

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186 

c 

6f 

67 

5.0 

190 

5 

279 

217 

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557 

f 

2 

35: 

21f 

6  0 

478 

7 

1 

334 

295 

6.7 

103 

5 

2 

6S2 

611 

8.2 

868 

5 

S 

407 

33( 

6.' 

33- 

5 

17: 

13!- 

6.3 

174 

8 

395 
117 

36f 
91 

6.0 
6.7 

404 

4 

4 

298 

245 

6.4 

518 

241  53441  45171  6.11  18301  389C| 


419  46 
566  39 
293  73 
231  50 
224  (9 
24!  14 
400  83 
185  98 
116  57 
385  58 
804  76 
395  99 
1010  99 
541  07 
237  40 
447  90 

378  26 
638r73| 


105  63 
670  IS 
665  44 
27  60 
128  00 
9  06 
603  38 

205  CO 
11  00 
62  50 
71  26 

198  50 
663  06 

206  00 
432  00 
162  19 
183  35 
182  50 

'2199  32|~4536  65 


145  59 
435  0 
89  90 
52  54 
85  2S 
33  66 
244  28 

14  75 

71  07 

1.53  20 

139  50 
230  81 
114  41 

193  13 
55  63 

140  55 


No.  7. 


26t 


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538  76 

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4 

17 

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58 

342  70 

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29  04 

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75 

195  50 

651  57 

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583  28 

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21  67 

17  00 

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10 

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360  00 

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7 

451  00 

106  72 

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8 

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591  75 

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152 

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3257  72 

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178  95 

145  00 

108  60 

COUNTY 


706  00 
300  00 
535  00 
100  00 
867  00 


125 

750 
225 
250 
300 
890 
650 
150 
1123 
4000 


300  00 


1 

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45  00 

1 

4 

30  50 

2 

7 
1 

4 

5  00 

1 

e 

2 
2 

i 

13  50 

2 

6 

1 

5 

6  00 

1 

1 

2  00 

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8 
1 

6 

90  13 
136  50 
360  71 

\L   00 

116  30 

65  50 
161  64 

42  25 
125  50 

23  75 
389  25 
183  75 
100  00 
410  79 
170  00 

155  50 


17  48 
22  54 
95  22 

32  20 

4  60 

89  10 

9  20 

21  16 

5  06 
92  92 
35  88 
43  70 

152  26 


32  66 


72  57 

95  72 
183  91 

57  36 
*150  00 

85  46 
130  51 
106  00 

67  47 

64  38 

40  00 
164  25 
146  68 

84  00 
536  00 

54  18 
122  00 


20  50 

2  50 

50  00 

9  00 
3  00 

25  00 

65  25 

3  50 

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6  50 

16  00 

2  00 
4  50 

3  00 
8  00 

10  00 

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17  00 

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3  00 

10  00 

10  00 

1  00 
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1  00 


1  50 
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3  00 
5  00 
1  50 
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11271  00 1  102  00 1  12 1  61 1 

COUNTY. 


1650  00 

3833  00 

1828  00 

425  00 

885  00 

350  00 

2000  00 

446  00 

380  Oi 

1800  00 

800  00 

2100  00 

6075  00 

1335  00 

960  OC 

1098  00 


10  00 

5  01' 

20  00 


22  00 

14  50 

2  50 

9  00 

10  00 
17  00 


2155  00    27  00   2 


4 

6 

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5 

8 

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5 

S 

4 

1 

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4 

11 

2 

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1 

4 

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7 

4 

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3 

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5 

13 

6 

9 

10 

7 

13 

9 

3 

2 

13 

>543  59|    603  98|   21c0  49|  282  34] 


602  00 
1016  13 
430  65 
283  88 
29rt  25 
210  20 
760  63 
132  75 
146  00 
376  04 
481  45 
645  11 
1706  89 
659  70 
276  75 
644  84 
287  00 
592  44 


159  16| 

245 

IS 

122 

82 

78 

66 

92 

00 

79 

58 

174  80 1 

34 

96 

107 

18 

174  34 1 

125 

12 

298 

54 

186 

76 

58 

88 

182 

62 

58 

42 

115 

92 

289 

91 

475 

50 

243 

50 

167 

65 

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51 

219 

00 

310 

00 

137 

68 

148 

00 

278 

00 

113 

32 

355 

67 

644  001 

358 

45 

183 

68 

269 

97 

196 

02 

262 

00 

48  44 

118  86 

74  62 

18  25 

25  00 

37  35 

13  00 

30  90 

25  90 

30  00 

105  25 

28  00 

10  00 

11  50 

77  56 

56  84 
10  64 

6  00 

11  00 

6  00 

32  6'. 

13  50 

53  16 

8  75 

40  88 

12  00 

91  99 

90  80 

20  58 

8  00 

69  36 

22  00 

35  28 

18  00 

85  001  26  80 


6  00 

5  50 

6  00 
8  50 
4  00 


50 

6  00 


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12  00 

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268 


Doc. 


WASHTENAW 


TOWNSHIPS. 


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Ann  Arbor, 

Ann  Arbor  City,. 

Augusta, 

Bridge  water, 

Dexter, 

Freetlom, 

Lima, 

Lodi, 

Lyndon,      

Manchester, 

Nortbfield, 

Pittsfield, 

Salem, 

Saline, 

Scio, 

Sharon, 

Superior, 

Sylvan,  

Webster, 

York, 

Ypsilanti, 

Ypsilanti  City,... 


5 

1 

464 

1 

1406 

6 

2 

362 

5 

4 

439 

6 

2 

364 

7 

f; 

562 

5 

o 

325 

6 

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366 

4 

3 

360 

8 

0 

£65 

5 

3 

391 

0 

3 

385 

5 

1 

295 

6 

4 

586 

5 

7 

798 

9 

347 

8 

i) 

524 

5 

o 

648 

5 

o 

280 

4 

3 

460 

5 

S 

424 

1 

1300 

346 
1307 
266 
374 
286 
336 
268 
281 
333 
433 
346 
333 
276 
511 
658 
334 
327 
454 
264 
440 
377 
1132 


8.9 
10. 0 
6.7 
6.6 
7.2 
6.0 
7.8 
7.5 
6.3 
7.0 
7.6 
7.6 
8.0 
6.9 
7.5 
6.1 
S.l 
7.4 
6.9 
$.0 
8.0 
10.0 


330 


591 
376 


62S 

650 


472 
538 


300 
362 
362 
302 


245 
211 


363 


219 
31'i 
432 

100 


S1210  00 

2800  12 

452  25 

826  38 

711  99 

813  16 

648  38 

883  49 

S16  90 

1008  21 

780  98 

1U8  16 

786  19 

1154  38 

1761  .34 

743  48 

919  97 

697  53 

566  86 

902  31 

938  53 

2020  00 


$  68  55 

1201  56 

151  14 

87  91 
24  80 

103  93 

88  68 
71  37 
78  58 

266  03 

101  57 

45  05 

20  90 
284  99 
538  16 

89  28 

21  17 
385  1» 

77  15 

96  14 

134  61 


$  358  00 

8363  75 

159  38 

115  00 

126  00 

253  06 

222  72 

90  80 

18  00 

275  14 

211  46 

801  00 

26  00 

538  97 

iCeo  00 

185  92 

195  16 

1773  12 

68  60 

714  88 

78  60 

8800  00 


Total, 22 1  112 1  52 1  115411  9682|  7.6|  3602|  3608 1  21980  61 1  3940  63 1  34375  45 


WAYNE 


Brownstown, . . 

Canton, 

Dearborn, 

Detroit, 

Ecorse, 

Greenfield , 

Grosse  Pointe,. 
Hamtramck,  .. 

Huron, 

Livonia, 

Monguagon, . . . 

Nankin , 

Plymouth,  . . . . 

Bedford,  

Romulus , 

Springwells,... 

Sumpter, 

Taylor, 

Van  Buren , 


6 

508 

370 

8.2 

710 

5 

4 

557 

456 

8.3 

296 

1 

1 

688 

464 

6.6 

334 

1 

14159 

4G29 

11.0 

7 

776 

419 

7.4 

400 

10 

1 

788 

572 

7  6 

677 

6 

1 

723 

376 

7  3 

522 

6 

1 

576 

378 

7.3 

741 

4 

213 

149 

8.6 

114 

7 

1 

510 

411 

7.7 

859 

3 

1 

415 

279 

8.0 

285 

6 

8 

820 

646 

7.0 

47f 

6 

o 

987 

763 

8  0 

1061 

10 

626 

449 

( .  1 

597 

5 

2 

434 

332 

6  3 

482 

4 

1 

520 

194 

6.2 

400 

2 

3 

261 

167 

6.6 

463 

0 

3 

261 

173 

5.6 

223 

6 

2 

520 

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7.7 

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S  496  71 

894  58 

728  09 

6127  24 

796  06 

1429  63 

1032  61 

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203  95 

586  78 

543  35 

825  10 

1449  24 

1108  51 

458  20 

631  46 

215  51 

296  89 

672  10 


17  66 
134  97 

285  79 


66  72 

28  56 

311  07 

350  27 
825  50 

150  98 

43  95 

44  40 
26  85 

175  26 


$  145  50 
163  65 
377  00 

42416  00 
763  44 
918  28 
182  54 
654  00 
119  95 
444  98 
511  51 
194  00 
421  48 
191  15 
193  25 
858  48 
74  26 
179  23 
99  52 


Total, 19 1  103 1  29 1  24302 1  11673 1  7.6|  5196 1  3347 1  19848  89 1  2481  98  48436  21 


No.  7. 


369 


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307  62 

241  50 

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210 


Doc. 


ABSTRACT  OF  SCHOOL  mSFECTOR'S  REPORTS 


COUNTIES. 


Oi 

— 

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"ir, 

-Allegan , 

Alpena, 

Barry, 

Bay, 

Berrien, 

Branch, 

Calhoun , 

Cass, 

Cheboygan ,  

Chippewa, 

Clinton, 

Eaton,  

Genesee, 

Grand  Traverse,. 

Gratiot, 

Hillsdale, 

Houghton, 

Huron, 

Ingham , 

Ionia, 

Isabella, 

Jackson, 

Kalamazoo, 

Kent, 

Lapeer,  

Leelanaw, 

Lenawee , 

Livingston, 

Mackinac, 

Macomb , 

Manistee, 

Manitou, 

Marquette, 

Mason , 

Mecosta, 

Midland, 

Monroe, 

Montcalm, 

Muskegon,  

Newaygo, 

Oakland, 

Oceana, 

Ontonagon, 

Ottawa, 

Saginaw, 

Sanilac, 

Shiawassee, 

St.  Qair, 

St.  Joseph, 

Tuscola, 

Van  Buren,. 

"Washtenaw, 

Wayno, 


23 

114 

11 

5190 

1 

1 

73 

16 

93 

23 

4980 

4 

6 

730 

20 

101 

23 

7675 

16 

94 

33 

7087 

22 

109 

49 

9456 

13 

91 

15 

6121 

2 

3 

110 

1 

1 

435 

16 

92 

22 

4896 

15 

103 

26 

5853 

19 

102 

45 

7879 

5 

11 

400 

15 

45 

11 

1458 

18 

131 

34 

9222 

5 

9 

1417 

4 

7 

319 

17 

92 

35 

6394 

16 

94 

25 

6063 

3 

6 

3 

194 

20 

116 

40 

8665 

16 

95 

31 

8010 

24 

136 

42 

10166 

16 

68 

28 

5093 

2 

4 

250 

21 

143 

51 

13383 

15 

93 

33 

6203 

3 

4 

473 

14 

77 

33 

8256 

2 

5 

155 

1 

2 

355 

1 

2 

312 

1 

1 

31 

2 

4 

1 

128 

3 

4 

1 

257 

15 

88 

23 

7843 

11 

35 

4 

1257 

7 

19 

3 

807 

9 

20 

3 

829 

25 

152 

69 

13101 

4 

9 

189 

4 

3 

1 

792 

14 

62 

11 

3908 

20 

58 

9 

3972 

13 

45 

5 

2423 

17 

78 

21 

4743 

23 

110 

14 

9129 

16 

83 

29 

7427 

18 

46 

6 

1607 

18 

86 

24 

5344 

22 

113 

52 

11541 

19 

103 

29 

24302 

4222 

31 

4016 

505 
6060 
6400 
8135 
5024 
97 
81 
3967 
5288 
6746 

213 
1034 
7984 

659 

180 
5784 
5281 

151 
7880 
6857 
8177 
3978 

131 

10319 

5862 

276 
6226 

121 
65 

ISO 
22 

119 

186 
5463 
1032 

686 

710 
11387 

110 

544 
3023 
2525 
1664 
3802 
6337 
§673 
1239 
4517 
9682 
11673 


5.6 
3.0 
6.1 
6.4 
5.8 
6.0 
7.3 
7.4 
5.5 

10.0 
5.5 
5.9 
6.5 
4.3 
4.2 
7.2 
7.3 

'4.1 
6.7 
6.4 
4.5 
7.1 
6.5 
6.8 
6.3 
6  3 
7.3 
6  6 
4.3 
7.1 
5.3 
6.5 
8.0 
3.0 

5  5 
6.4 
7.1 
4.9 
4.9 
5.2 
7.2 
4.5 
8.8 
6.3 
5.4 
4.8 
6.0 

6  3 
7.3 
4.6 
6.1 
7.6 
7.6 


1898 

2614 

1501 

2841 

147 

4 

2661 

2918 

424 

4008 

1439 

5501 

1700 

3794 

190 

237 

500 

2481 

2023 

2878 

722 

3672 

54 

105 

33 

603 

785 

4500 

166 

24 

21 

195 

1113 

2680 

2134 

1098 

33 

4196 

325 

3478 

3552 

2033 

669 

1732 

182 

4143 

6977 

1601 

2378 

406 

821 

2710 

156 

280 

154 

674 

25 

90 

374 

3532 

2296 

426 

589 

578 

145 

210 

146 

3186 

7368 

14 

82 

560 

1827 

1233 

1280 

1516 

805 

875 

595 

2098 

2393 

2647 

350 

3237 

668 

972 

1830 

3890 

3602 

3508 

5196 

3347 

S7171  35 

19  32 

5052  57 

1440  94 

11731  90 

10622  17 

15011  60 

9000  54 

478  82 

471  87 

6164  71 

8825  94 

10544  64 

347  27 

1473  40 

14385  30 

2580  97 

285  98 

8913  28 

7745  98 

330  98 

15451  32 

12392  58 

16990  64 

5849  73 

24527  47 

8650  15 

550  08 

13065  98 

482  11 

151  14 

1808  04 

210  30 

1051  23 

10533  04 

1787  14 

1382  25 

1376  60 

25111  99 

134  28 

2775  30 

5188  50 

5391  09 

2619  64 

6091  10 

10459  86 

14521  00 

2747  51 

&381  73 

21980  61 

19848  89 


Total  *. 


I   647|  3169|   918|  246802|  193107 1  6.2 1  56769 1 100291 '$352847  83 

*The  result  is  here  not  exactly  as  stated  in  the  body  of  the  report,  in  consequence  of 
amendments  in  the  reports  received  since  the  Superintendent's  Report  was  in  print. 


No.  7. 


271 


FOR  THE  YEAR  1860,  BY  COUNTIES. 


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477  41 

4198  65 

135  75 

1707  24 

2360  30 

81  51 

3000  41 

2772  88 

1980  42 

1005  75 

100  00 

3565  46 

2420  58 

140  00 

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9  00 

40  89 

73  12 

22  75 

57  64 

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777  37 

491  75 

200  73 

482  45 

3169  51 

137  83 

625  38 

456  25 

536  V:9 

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1770  01 

513  96 

2199  32 

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167  00 
145  0 

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365  50 
591  75 
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137  00 

1824  25 
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565  34 

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£72 


Dog.  No.  T. 


ABSTRACT  OF  REPORTS— Continued. 


COUNTIES. 

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9620  60 

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225  91 

622  19 
1324  52 
6651  68 
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2575  82 
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4864  93 
2058  40 
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$  210  00 

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427  68 

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448  66 
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17  40 

1273  25 

58  27 

32  28 
47  00 

143  86 

178  95 

625  53 
485  08 
807  62 

114 

101 

12 

115 

117 

110 

81 

9 

g 

97 

95 
90 

5 
59 

89 
8 

105 

110 

10 

124 

100 

187 

71 

4 

126 

90 

6 

89 

4 

2 

2 

1 

5 

12 

57 

44 

24 

37 

151 

18 

8 

67 

95 

89 

79 

143 

91 

66 

126 

151 

119 

$  177  50 

187  90 

29  75 

131  00 
224  00 
187  50 
119  50 

14  00 

30  00 

132  75 
162  50 
170  50 

110  00 
212  50 

4  50 
150  00 
186  25 

9  00 
241  00 
212  50 
226  75 
145  00 

1  00 
275  50 
110  00 

29  00 

141  50 

6  00 

2  00 
14  00 
80  00 

85  50 
113  12 

53  50 

27  00 

219  26 

7  50 

119  25 
135  75 

86  00 

142  00 
160  75 
145  00 

85  00 
177  00 
192  00 
241  50 

$  57  00 

BaTy 

74  00 

Bav , 

15  50 

BerriPU 

57  50 

Branch , 

93  00 

Calhotfn , 

106  00 

Cass , 

60  50 

Chebo vf^'an , . 

1  50 

Chippewa 

Clinton , 

37  00 

Eaton 

76  50 

Genesee, 

67  50 

Grand  Traverse, 

Gratiot, , 

22  00 

Hillsdale, 

121  00 

Houghton  

Huron 

2  00 

Tnahnm ,  

88  25 

Ionia .  

69  50 

Isabella 

2  00 

Jackson , 

149  00 

Kalamazoo, 

Kent,  

48  75 
86  00 

Lapeer ,  

68  60 

Leelanaw 

Lenawee, 

129  00 

^  Li vi  n  ffston , 

44  50 

"  Mackinac , 

5  00 

Macomb , 

59  00 

Manistee, 

Manitou,  

5  00 

Marquette,  

Mason, 

50 

Mecosta, 

Midland, 

8  00 

Monroe 

41  50 

Montcalm, 

31  50 

Muskegon 

3  00 

Newavgo, 

10  00 

Oakland, 

90  00 

Oceana,  

Ontonagon , 

Ottawa       

39  00 

Sag'inaw, 

44  50 

Sanilac,  

16  00 

Shiawassee 

38  50 

St.  Clair, 

St.  Joseph, 

Tuscola, 

Van  Buren, 

58  50 

108  60 

26  50 

60  50 

"Washtenaw 

82  00 

Wayne, 

81  50 

Total, 

1  $262,130  80 

1  $5,985  17 

1  $6,358  22 

1    3414 

1  $5,680  52 

$2,286  10 

